Perception of Job-Related Risk, Training, and Use of Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) among Latino Immigrant Hog CAFO Workers in Missouri: A Pilot Study
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Hog Production in Missouri
3. Purpose
4. Methods
5. Study Population
6. Procedures
7. Measures
7.1. Perception of Occupational Risk
7.2. Training
7.3. Personal Protective Equipment Provision and Usage
7.4. Prevention Preferences
7.5. Demographic Variables
8. Analytic Approach
9. Results
10. Discussion
11. Limitations
12. Conclusions
Acknowledgments
Author Contributions
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Variable | N (%) |
---|---|
Sex | |
Male | 37 (92.5) |
Female | 3 (7.5) |
County of Residence | |
Audrain | 34 (85.0) |
Linn | 1 (2.5) |
Sullivan | 5 (12.5) |
Education | |
Less than High School | 31 (77.5) |
High School Graduate | 8 (20.0) |
Some College or Technical Training | 1 (2.5) |
Income | |
Less than $10,000 | 4 (10.8) |
$10,000–$25,000 | 19 (51.4) |
$25,001–$50,000 | 11 (29.7) |
More than $50,000 | 3 (8.1) |
Primary Language Spoken in the Home | |
Mainly Spanish | 28 (70.0) |
English and Spanish Equally | 5 (12.5) |
Mainly English | 1 (2.5) |
Indigenous Languages | 6 (15.0) |
English Proficiency | |
Not at All | 9 (22.5) |
Not Well | 23 (57.5) |
Well/Very Well | 8 (20.0) |
Previous Experience Working with Hogs | |
Yes | 20 (50.0) |
No | 20 (50.0) |
Length of Employment at Current CAFO | |
Less than 1 Year | 17 (42.5) |
1–3 Years | 17 (42.5) |
More than 3 Years | 6 (15.0) |
Type of Work at Current CAFO | |
Sow Barn | 23 (57.5) |
Nursery Pigs | 7 (17.5) |
Finishing | 2 (5.0) |
Maintenance/Washing/Other | 8 (20.0) |
Risk Perception | |||
Job-Related Injury | Dangerous N (%) | Not Dangerous N (%) | p Value |
Injured | 8 (61.5) | 5 (38.5) | .01 |
Not Injured | 5 (18.5) | 22 (81.5) | |
Reported Receipt of Training | |||
Language | Received Training N (%) | Did Not Receive Training N (%) | p Value |
English Proficient | 8 (100.0) | 0 (0.0) | .02 |
Limited English Proficient | 17 (53.1) | 15 (46.9) |
Type of PPE | PPE Provided By Employer (All Workers) N (%) | Sow Barns (n = 23) | Nursery Piglets (n = 7) | Finishing (n = 2) | Washing/Maintenance (n = 8) | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Never N (%) | Sometimes N (%) | All of the Time N (%) | Never N (%) | Sometimes N (%) | All of the Time N (%) | Never N (%) | Sometimes N (%) | All of the Time N (%) | Never N (%) | Sometimes N (%) | All of the Time N (%) | ||
Respirator | 37 (92.5) | 2 (8.7) | 12 (52.2) | 7 (30.4) | 1 (14.2) | 3 (42.9) | 3 (42.9) | 0 (0.0) | 2 (100.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 5 (62.5) | 2 (25.0) |
Hearing Protection | 38 (95.0) | 3 (13.0) | 11 (47.8) | 8 (34.8) | 2 (28.6) | 2 (28.6) | 3 (42.9) | 0 (0.0) | 2 (100.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 2 (25.0) | 5 (62.5) |
Uniforms/Coveralls | 38 (95.0) | 0 (0.0) | 2 (8.7) | 21 (91.3) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 7 (100.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 2 (100.0) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (12.5) | 6 (75.0) |
Rubber Boots/Disposable Shoe Covers | 39 (97.5) | 0 (0.0) | 2 (8.7) | 21 (91.3) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 7 (100.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 2 (100.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 7 (87.5) |
Gloves | 39 (97.5) | 0 (0.0) | 3 (13.0) | 20 (87.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 7 (100.0) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (50.0) | 1 (50.0) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (12.5) | 6 (75.0) |
Goggles | 36 (90.0) | 3 (13.0) | 13 (56.5) | 6 (26.1) | 1 (14.2) | 4 (57.1) | 2 (28.6) | 0 (0.0) | 2 (100.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 3 (37.5) | 4 (50.0) |
Hair Covers | 13 (32.5) | 17 (74.0) | 2 (8.7) | 1 (4.3) | 4 (57.1) | 3 (42.9) | 0 (0.0) | 2 (28.6) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 4 (50.0) | 2 (25.0) | 1 (12.5) |
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Ramos, A.K.; Fuentes, A.; Trinidad, N. Perception of Job-Related Risk, Training, and Use of Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) among Latino Immigrant Hog CAFO Workers in Missouri: A Pilot Study. Safety 2016, 2, 25. https://doi.org/10.3390/safety2040025
Ramos AK, Fuentes A, Trinidad N. Perception of Job-Related Risk, Training, and Use of Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) among Latino Immigrant Hog CAFO Workers in Missouri: A Pilot Study. Safety. 2016; 2(4):25. https://doi.org/10.3390/safety2040025
Chicago/Turabian StyleRamos, Athena K., Axel Fuentes, and Natalia Trinidad. 2016. "Perception of Job-Related Risk, Training, and Use of Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) among Latino Immigrant Hog CAFO Workers in Missouri: A Pilot Study" Safety 2, no. 4: 25. https://doi.org/10.3390/safety2040025