Serum Cytokines Usefulness for Understanding the Pathology in Allergic Bronchopulmonary Aspergillosis and Chronic Pulmonary Aspergillosis
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Design and Population
2.2. Measurements
2.3. Cytokine Measurements
2.4. Statistical Analyses
2.5. Ethics Statement
3. Results
3.1. Characteristics of Study Participants
3.2. Comparison of Cytokines
3.3. Cytokine Ratios
3.4. Usefulness of Cytokine Ratios
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Control (n = 14) | Asthma (n = 19) | ABPA (n = 11) | CPA (n = 10) | p-Value | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Age (years) | 37 ± 7.626 | 56.7 ± 15.9 * | 47.1 ± 13.3 | 66.5 ± 10.6 *,*** | p < 0.0001 |
Male, n (%) | 5 (35.7) | 5 (26.3) | 4 (36.3) | 8 (80.0) | p = 0.0410 |
Body mass index (kg/m2) | 20.8 ± 3.26 | 23.8 ± 4.63 | 21.4 ± 3.42 | 18.0 ± 2.67 **,*** | p = 0.0007 |
Smoker, n (%) | 6 (42.8) | 3 (15.7) | 5 (45.4) | 8 (80) | p = 0.0097 |
IgE (IU/mL) | 122.0 ± 263.2 | 491.2 ± 944.0 | 3694 ± 3451 **** | 105.1 ± 184.8 | p < 0.0001 |
Eosinophil count (/μL) | - | 275.2 ± 238.4 | 1198 ± 597.5 **** | 158.5 ± 103.4 | p < 0.0001 |
Galactomannnan (C.O.I) | - | - | 0.33 ± 0.43 | 2.22 ± 3.21 | p = 0.0015 |
Aspergillus precipitating antibody, n (%) | - | - | 4 (36.3) | 8 (80.0) | p = 0.0805 |
Complications, n (%) | |||||
COPD | - | 2 (10.5) | 0 | 3 (30) | p = 0.1870 |
Bronchiectasis | - | 0 | 7 (63.6) | 4 (40) | p = 0.0005 |
Tuberculosis sequelae | - | 0 | 0 | 1 (10) | p = 0.4762 |
Post-thoracic surgery | - | 0 | 1 (9) | 2 (20) | p = 0.5865 |
Lung cyst | - | 0 | 0 | 1 (10) | p = 0.4762 |
Diabetes mellitus | - | 2 (10.5) | 2 (18.2) | 0 | p = 0.6111 |
Chest CT findings | |||||
mucoid impaction, n (%) | - | - | 10 (91) | 0 | p < 0.0001 |
Consolidation, n (%) | - | - | 7 (63.6) | 5 (50) | p = 0.0003 |
Bronchiectasis, n (%) | - | - | 7 (63.6) | 5 (50) | p = 0.0003 |
Cavitary lesions, n (%) | - | - | 0 | 10 (100) | p < 0.0001 |
Fungus balls, n (%) | - | - | 0 | 8 (80) | p = 0.0002 |
Control (n = 14) | Asthma (n = 19) | ABPA (n = 11) | CPA (n = 10) | p-Value | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
IL-1β | N.D. | N.D. | N.D. | N.D. | - |
IL-2 | N.D. | 1.80 ± 0.73 | N.D. | 1.73 ± 0.54 | p = 0.4413 |
IL-4 | N.D. | N.D. | N.D. | N.D. | - |
IL-5 | 4.08 ± 2.92 | 11.46 ± 16.65 *** | 9.44 ± 7.37 *** | 2.60 ± 2.84 | p = 0.0099 |
IL-6 | N.D. | 0.81 ± 0.53 | 90.35 ± 295.9 | 6.26 ± 4.23 ** | p < 0.0001 |
IL-8 | 16.36 ± 7.40 | 42.01 ± 37.61 | 709.2 ± 1479 * | 61.25 ± 53.11 * | p = 0.0065 |
IL-10 | 10.85 ± 24.13 | 3.12 ± 2.02 | 7.35 ± 8.86 | 15.23 ± 17.75 | p = 0.2573 |
IL-13 | 0.40 ± 0.19 | 2.13 ± 2.37 *,*** | 0.63 ± 0.56 | 0.42 ± 0.22 | p = 0.0032 |
IL-17A | N.D. | N.D. | N.D. | N.D. | - |
IL-17F | N.D. | N.D. | N.D. | N.D. | - |
IL-23 | 29.69 ± 13.18 | N.D. | 50.49 ± 46.47 | 155.9 ± 358.5 | p = 0.1022 |
IL-25 | 0.51 ± 0.28 | 0.46 ± 0.51 | 0.78 ± 0.69 | 1.16 ± 1.00 | p = 0.0348 |
IL-33 | 18.19 ± 19.16 | 6.07 ± 9.73 | 27.97 ± 30.23 | 59.91 ± 49.12 ** | p = 0.0002 |
IFN-γ | N.D. | N.D. | N.D. | 5.26 ± 6.05 | p = 0.0297 |
TNF | 19.19 ± 8.27 | 20.42 ± 11.7 | 23.85 ± 10.19 | 34.05 ± 8.36 *,** | p = 0.0021 |
sCD40L | 735.6 ± 368.5 | 694.1 ± 202.7 | 912.4 ± 632.5 | 1162 ± 757.1 | p = 0.2740 |
Diagnostic Markers | Value (%) | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
Sensitivity | Specificity | Positive Predictive Value | Negative Predictive Value | |
ABPA | ||||
IgE (cutoff, 602.1 IU/mL) | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 |
Eosinophil count (cutoff, 441.0/μL) | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 |
Chest CT findings | ||||
mucoid impaction | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 |
CPA | ||||
Age (cutoff, 61 years) | 70 | 81.8 | 77.8 | 75 |
Body mass index (cutoff, 19.41 kg/m2) | 90 | 72.7 | 75.0 | 88.9 |
Galactomannnan (cutoff index, 0.267) | 90 | 72.7 | 75.0 | 88.9 |
Chest CT findings | ||||
Cavitary lesions | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 |
Fungus balls | 80 | 100 | 100 | 84.6 |
Cytokine ratios | ||||
sCD40L/IL-5 (cutoff, 176.9) | 90 | 72.7 | 75.0 | 88.9 |
TNF/IL-5 (cutoff, 14.68) | 80 | 81.8 | 81.8 | 75 |
IL-10/IL-5 (cutoff, 2.47) | 70 | 100 | 100 | 78.6 |
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Ito, Y.; Takazono, T.; Obase, Y.; Fukahori, S.; Ashizawa, N.; Hirayama, T.; Tashiro, M.; Yamamoto, K.; Imamura, Y.; Hosogaya, N.; et al. Serum Cytokines Usefulness for Understanding the Pathology in Allergic Bronchopulmonary Aspergillosis and Chronic Pulmonary Aspergillosis. J. Fungi 2022, 8, 436. https://doi.org/10.3390/jof8050436
Ito Y, Takazono T, Obase Y, Fukahori S, Ashizawa N, Hirayama T, Tashiro M, Yamamoto K, Imamura Y, Hosogaya N, et al. Serum Cytokines Usefulness for Understanding the Pathology in Allergic Bronchopulmonary Aspergillosis and Chronic Pulmonary Aspergillosis. Journal of Fungi. 2022; 8(5):436. https://doi.org/10.3390/jof8050436
Chicago/Turabian StyleIto, Yuya, Takahiro Takazono, Yasushi Obase, Susumu Fukahori, Nobuyuki Ashizawa, Tatsuro Hirayama, Masato Tashiro, Kazuko Yamamoto, Yoshifumi Imamura, Naoki Hosogaya, and et al. 2022. "Serum Cytokines Usefulness for Understanding the Pathology in Allergic Bronchopulmonary Aspergillosis and Chronic Pulmonary Aspergillosis" Journal of Fungi 8, no. 5: 436. https://doi.org/10.3390/jof8050436
APA StyleIto, Y., Takazono, T., Obase, Y., Fukahori, S., Ashizawa, N., Hirayama, T., Tashiro, M., Yamamoto, K., Imamura, Y., Hosogaya, N., Fukushima, C., Morinaga, Y., Yanagihara, K., Izumikawa, K., & Mukae, H. (2022). Serum Cytokines Usefulness for Understanding the Pathology in Allergic Bronchopulmonary Aspergillosis and Chronic Pulmonary Aspergillosis. Journal of Fungi, 8(5), 436. https://doi.org/10.3390/jof8050436