Skip to Content

27,545 Results Found

  • Review
  • Open Access
58 Citations
7,088 Views
19 Pages

IL-33/IL-31 Axis in Osteoporosis

  • Massimo De Martinis,
  • Maria Maddalena Sirufo,
  • Mariano Suppa and
  • Lia Ginaldi

13 February 2020

The study of the immunoskeletal interface has led to the discovery of numerous cytokines involved in the regulation of bone remodeling, providing valuable information on the pathogenesis of osteoporosis. The role of inflammatory cytokines of the Th1...

  • Review
  • Open Access
142 Citations
9,247 Views
15 Pages

IL-33/IL-31 Axis in Immune-Mediated and Allergic Diseases

  • Giuseppe Murdaca,
  • Monica Greco,
  • Alessandro Tonacci,
  • Simone Negrini,
  • Matteo Borro,
  • Francesco Puppo and
  • Sebastiano Gangemi

22 November 2019

Several allergic and immunologic diseases including asthma, food allergy (FA), chronic spontaneous urticaria (CSU), atopic dermatitis (AD), systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), systemic sclerosis (SSc), rheumatoid arthritis (RA), and Behçet&rsq...

  • Article
  • Open Access
9 Citations
3,566 Views
10 Pages

The Novel Role of MIF in the Secretion of IL-25, IL-31, and IL-33 from PBMC of Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis

  • Samuel García-Arellano,
  • Luis Alexis Hernández-Palma,
  • Sergio Cerpa-Cruz,
  • Gabriela Athziri Sánchez-Zuno,
  • Melva Guadalupe Herrera-Godina and
  • José Francisco Muñoz-Valle

17 August 2021

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune inflammatory joint disease with complex pathogenesis associated with cytokine dysregulation. Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) plays a role in systemic inflammation and joint destruction in RA and...

  • Review
  • Open Access
18 Citations
5,377 Views
16 Pages

IL-33 and IL-37: A Possible Axis in Skin and Allergic Diseases

  • Francesco Borgia,
  • Paolo Custurone,
  • Federica Li Pomi,
  • Mario Vaccaro,
  • Clara Alessandrello and
  • Sebastiano Gangemi

26 December 2022

Interleukin (IL)-37 and IL-33 are among the latest cytokines identified, playing a role in several inflammatory conditions, spanning from systemic conditions to tumors to localized diseases. As newly discovered interleukins, their role is still scarc...

  • Review
  • Open Access
2 Citations
3,975 Views
25 Pages

IL-31/33 Axis in Atopic Dermatitis

  • Julia Łacwik,
  • Krzysztof Kraik,
  • Julia Laska,
  • Maciej Tota,
  • Łukasz Sędek and
  • Krzysztof Gomułka

19 October 2025

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic inflammatory skin disorder characterized by impaired epidermal barrier function, immune dysregulation (e.g., Th2 polarization), genetic factors (e.g., filaggrin mutations), environmental triggers and microbial dysb...

  • Review
  • Open Access
85 Citations
7,517 Views
12 Pages

Mast Cell Cytokines IL-1, IL-33, and IL-36 Mediate Skin Inflammation in Psoriasis: A Novel Therapeutic Approach with the Anti-Inflammatory Cytokines IL-37, IL-38, and IL-1Ra

  • Pio Conti,
  • Fabrizio E. Pregliasco,
  • Rosa G. Bellomo,
  • Carla E. Gallenga,
  • Alessandro Caraffa,
  • Spyros K. Kritas,
  • Dorina Lauritano and
  • Gianpaolo Ronconi

Psoriasis (PS) is a skin disease with autoimmune features mediated by immune cells, which typically presents inflammatory erythematous plaques, and is associated with many comorbidities. PS exhibits excessive keratinocyte proliferation, and a high nu...

  • Article
  • Open Access
11 Citations
3,971 Views
10 Pages

IL-33 Enhances IFNγ and TNFα Production by Human MAIT Cells: A New Pro-Th1 Effect of IL-33

  • Mourad Azzout,
  • Céline Dietrich,
  • François Machavoine,
  • Pauline Gastineau,
  • Alix Bottier,
  • Guillaume Lezmi and
  • Maria Leite-de-Moraes

30 September 2021

Mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells represent a distinct T cell population restricted by the MHC-class-I-related molecule, MR1, which recognizes microbial-derived vitamin B2 (riboflavin) metabolites. Their abundance in humans, together with t...

  • Review
  • Open Access
15 Citations
4,475 Views
10 Pages

IL-33 in Mental Disorders

  • Gianluca Pandolfo,
  • Giovanni Genovese,
  • Marco Casciaro,
  • Maria Rosaria Anna Muscatello,
  • Antonio Bruno,
  • Giovanni Pioggia and
  • Sebastiano Gangemi

26 March 2021

Mental disorders are common in the general population; every year about 25% of the total European population is affected by a mental condition. The prevalence of psychiatric disorders might be underestimated. Emerging evidence highlights the role of...

  • Review
  • Open Access
50 Citations
7,221 Views
15 Pages

Alarmins in Osteoporosis, RAGE, IL-1, and IL-33 Pathways: A Literature Review

  • Massimo De Martinis,
  • Lia Ginaldi,
  • Maria Maddalena Sirufo,
  • Giovanni Pioggia,
  • Gioacchino Calapai,
  • Sebastiano Gangemi and
  • Carmen Mannucci

19 March 2020

Alarmins are endogenous mediators released by cells following insults or cell death to alert the host’s innate immune system of a situation of danger or harm. Many of these, such as high-mobility group box-1 and 2 (HMGB1, HMGB2) and S100 (calgr...

  • Review
  • Open Access
24 Citations
6,491 Views
13 Pages

Advances in Mast Cell Activation by IL-1 and IL-33 in Sjögren’s Syndrome: Promising Inhibitory Effect of IL-37

  • Pio Conti,
  • Luisa Stellin,
  • Alesssandro Caraffa,
  • Carla E. Gallenga,
  • Rhiannon Ross,
  • Spyros K. Kritas,
  • Ilias Frydas,
  • Ali Younes,
  • Paolo Di Emidio and
  • Gianpaolo Ronconi

Sjögren’s syndrome (SS) is a chronic autoimmune inflammatory disease that affects primarily older women and is characterized by irreversible damage of the exocrine glands, including tear (xerophthalmia) and salivary glands (xerostomia). Se...

  • Article
  • Open Access
48 Citations
4,121 Views
17 Pages

Elevated Levels of IL-33, IL-17 and IL-25 Indicate the Progression from Chronicity to Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Hepatitis C Virus Patients

  • Momen Askoura,
  • Hisham A. Abbas,
  • Hadeel Al Sadoun,
  • Wesam H. Abdulaal,
  • Amr S. Abu Lila,
  • Khaled Almansour,
  • Farhan Alshammari,
  • El-Sayed Khafagy,
  • Tarek S. Ibrahim and
  • Wael A. H. Hegazy

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is one of the most epidemic viral infections in the world. Three-quarters of individuals infected with HCV become chronic. As a consequence of persistent inflammation, a considerable percentage of chronic patients progress to...

  • Hypothesis
  • Open Access
6 Citations
2,972 Views
14 Pages

Infertility, IL-17, IL-33 and Microbiome Cross-Talk: The Extended ARIA-MeDALL Hypothesis

  • Samir Hamamah,
  • Fatima Barry,
  • Sarah Vannier,
  • Tal Anahory,
  • Tari Haahtela,
  • Josep M. Antó,
  • Charles Chapron,
  • Jean-Marc Ayoubi,
  • Wienczyslawa Czarlewski and
  • Jean Bousquet

7 November 2024

Infertility, defined as the inability to obtain pregnancy after 12 months of regular unprotected sexual intercourse, has increased in prevalence over the past decades, similarly to chronic, allergic, autoimmune, or neurodegenerative diseases. A recen...

  • Article
  • Open Access
431 Views
21 Pages

24 February 2026

Skin mast cells (MCs) play a vital role in acute allergic reactions and also contribute to chronic dermatoses partially through cytokine production. Key growth factors (GFs), such as SCF and IL-33, orchestrate MC survival and activity. Whether early...

  • Article
  • Open Access
10 Citations
2,270 Views
13 Pages

Expression of IL-21 and IL-33 in Intestinal Mucosa of Inflammatory Bowel Disease: An Immunohistochemical Study

  • Alexandros Toskas,
  • Stefanos Milias,
  • Georgios Delis,
  • Soultana Meditskou,
  • Antonia Sioga and
  • Theodora Papamitsou

Interleukins are considered to be potential therapeutic targets that can alter the prognosis and disease progression of IBD. IL-21 has proven to be involved in effector Th1, Th2 and Th17 responses. Similarly, IL-33, a newly identified cytokine, has b...

  • Review
  • Open Access
7 Citations
4,623 Views
14 Pages

The IL-33/ST2 Pathway in Cerebral Malaria

  • Corine Glineur,
  • Inès Leleu and
  • Sylviane Pied

3 November 2022

Interleukin-33 (IL-33) is an immunomodulatory cytokine which plays critical roles in tissue function and immune-mediated diseases. IL-33 is abundant within the brain and spinal cord tissues where it acts as a key cytokine to coordinate the exchange b...

  • Review
  • Open Access
15 Citations
5,959 Views
17 Pages

Regulatory Mechanism of the IL-33–IL-37 Axis via Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor in Atopic Dermatitis and Psoriasis

  • Gaku Tsuji,
  • Kazuhiko Yamamura,
  • Koji Kawamura,
  • Makiko Kido-Nakahara,
  • Takamichi Ito and
  • Takeshi Nakahara

27 September 2023

Interleukin (IL)-33 and IL-37 have been identified as novel cytokines involved in various inflammatory diseases. However, their specific roles remain largely unknown. Recent studies have shown that IL-33, which triggers inflammation, and IL-37, which...

  • Review
  • Open Access
21 Citations
5,022 Views
21 Pages

Emerging Effects of IL-33 on COVID-19

  • Yuan Gao,
  • Luwei Cai,
  • Lili Li,
  • Yidan Zhang,
  • Jing Li,
  • Chengliang Luo,
  • Ying Wang and
  • Luyang Tao

7 November 2022

Since the start of COVID-19 pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), more than 6 million people have lost their lives worldwide directly or indirectly. Despite intensified efforts to clarify the immunopathology...

  • Article
  • Open Access
44 Citations
5,599 Views
14 Pages

19 March 2020

Microglia cells are resident cells of the central nervous system (CNS) charged with modulating inflammation in the CNS. Overstimulation of microglia cells continuously releases inflammatory mediators that contribute to neurodegenerative diseases. Api...

  • Article
  • Open Access
39 Citations
7,083 Views
11 Pages

The Deubiquitinase USP17 Regulates the Stability and Nuclear Function of IL-33

  • Yingmeng Ni,
  • Lianqin Tao,
  • Chen Chen,
  • Huihui Song,
  • Zhiyuan Li,
  • Yayi Gao,
  • Jia Nie,
  • Miranda Piccioni,
  • Guochao Shi and
  • Bin Li

24 November 2015

IL-33 is a new member of the IL-1 family cytokines, which is expressed by different types of immune cells and non-immune cells. IL-33 is constitutively expressed in the nucleus, where it can act as a transcriptional regulator. So far, no direct targe...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
1,879 Views
11 Pages

Conversion and Obsessive–Phobic Symptoms Predict IL-33 and IL-28A Levels in Individuals Diagnosed with COVID-19

  • Kristina Stoyanova,
  • Drozdstoy Stoyanov,
  • Steliyan Petrov,
  • Alexandra Baldzhieva,
  • Martina Bozhkova,
  • Mariana Murdzheva,
  • Teodora Kalfova,
  • Hristina Andreeva,
  • Hristo Taskov and
  • Angel Todev
  • + 1 author

31 August 2023

The first epidemiological wave of the incidence of COVID-19 in Bulgaria was registered in June 2020. After the wave peak, we conducted a study in persons diagnosed with COVID-19 (N = 52). They were assessed with the anxiety–depressive scale (AD...

  • Article
  • Open Access
15 Citations
4,247 Views
17 Pages

The Alarmin Triad—IL-25, IL-33, and TSLP—Serum Levels and Their Clinical Implications in Chronic Spontaneous Urticaria

  • Carmen-Teodora Dobrican-Băruța,
  • Diana Mihaela Deleanu,
  • Ioana Adriana Muntean,
  • Irena Nedelea,
  • Radu-Gheorghe Bălan,
  • Gabriela Adriana Filip and
  • Lucia Maria Procopciuc

7 February 2024

This study delves into the critical role of alarmins in chronic spontaneous urticaria (CSU), focusing on their impact on disease severity and the quality of life (QoL) of patients. We investigated the alterations in alarmin levels in CSU patients and...

  • Review
  • Open Access
103 Citations
19,210 Views
28 Pages

The Role of IL-33/ST2 Pathway in Tumorigenesis

  • Kristen M. Larsen,
  • Maydelis Karla Minaya,
  • Vivek Vaish and
  • Maria Marjorette O. Peña

9 September 2018

Cancer is initiated by mutations in critical regulatory genes; however, its progression to malignancy is aided by non-neoplastic cells and molecules that create a permissive environment known as the tumor stroma or microenvironment (TME). Interleukin...

  • Article
  • Open Access
7 Citations
2,485 Views
20 Pages

Pro-Calcifying Role of Enzymatically Modified LDL (eLDL) in Aortic Valve Sclerosis via Induction of IL-6 and IL-33

  • Annemarie Witz,
  • Denise Effertz,
  • Nora Goebel,
  • Matthias Schwab,
  • Ulrich F. W. Franke and
  • Michael Torzewski

7 July 2023

One of the contributors to atherogenesis is enzymatically modified LDL (eLDL). eLDL was detected in all stages of aortic valve sclerosis and was demonstrated to trigger the activation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38 MAPK), which has been...

  • Review
  • Open Access
22 Citations
6,402 Views
16 Pages

Impact of TNF and IL-33 Cytokines on Mast Cells in Neuroinflammation

  • Pio Conti,
  • Gianpaolo Ronconi,
  • Dorina Lauritano,
  • Filiberto Mastrangelo,
  • Alessandro Caraffa,
  • Carla E. Gallenga,
  • Ilias Frydas,
  • Spyridon K. Kritas,
  • Francesco Carinci and
  • Cristian D’Ovidio
  • + 2 authors

Mast cells (MCs) are derived from hematopoietic progenitors, mature in vascularized tissues, and participate in innate and acquired immunity. Neuroinflammation is a highly debated topic in the biomedical literature; however, the impact of tumor necro...

  • Review
  • Open Access
55 Citations
11,565 Views
26 Pages

12 September 2018

In sterile liver inflammation, danger signals are released in response to tissue injury to alert the immune system; e.g., by activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome. Recently, IL-33 has been identified as a novel type of danger signal or “alarmin&...

  • Article
  • Open Access
28 Citations
7,694 Views
14 Pages

The Expressions of TSLP, IL-33, and IL-17A in Monocyte Derived Dendritic Cells from Asthma and COPD Patients are Related to Epithelial–Macrophage Interactions

  • Magdalena Paplinska-Goryca,
  • Paulina Misiukiewicz-Stepien,
  • Malgorzata Proboszcz,
  • Patrycja Nejman-Gryz,
  • Katarzyna Gorska and
  • Rafal Krenke

22 August 2020

Background. The cross-talk between the external and internal environment in the respiratory tract involves macrophage/dendritic cell (DC) transepithelial network. Epithelium triggers dendritic cell-mediated inflammation by producing thymic stromal ly...

  • Review
  • Open Access
14 Citations
6,777 Views
14 Pages

IL-33 is a newly discovered cytokine displaying pleiotropic localizations and functions. More specifically, it also functions as an alarmin, following its release from cells undergoing cell death or necrosis, to alert the innate immune system. The ro...

  • Review
  • Open Access
84 Citations
9,161 Views
22 Pages

30 December 2021

Interleukin-33 (IL-33) is a member of the interleukin-1 (IL-1) family that is expressed in the nuclei of endothelial and epithelial cells of barrier tissues, among others. It functions as an alarm signal that is released upon tissue or cellular injur...

  • Review
  • Open Access
13 Citations
5,358 Views
17 Pages

IL-33/ST2 Axis: A Potential Therapeutic Target in Neurodegenerative Diseases

  • Zexi Jia,
  • Mengtian Guo,
  • Xintong Ge,
  • Fanglian Chen and
  • Ping Lei

8 October 2023

Interleukin 33 (IL-33) belongs to the IL-1 family and is localized in the nucleus. IL-33 is primarily composed of three distinct domains, namely the N-terminal domain responsible for nuclear localization, the intermediate sense protease domain, and t...

  • Article
  • Open Access
55 Citations
5,632 Views
13 Pages

IL-33 Inhibits TNF-α-Induced Osteoclastogenesis and Bone Resorption

  • Fumitoshi Ohori,
  • Hideki Kitaura,
  • Saika Ogawa,
  • Wei-Ren Shen,
  • Jiawei Qi,
  • Takahiro Noguchi,
  • Aseel Marahleh,
  • Yasuhiko Nara,
  • Adya Pramusita and
  • Itaru Mizoguchi

8 February 2020

Interleukin (IL)-33 is a member of the IL-1 family, which acts as an alarmin. Several studies suggested that IL-33 inhibited osteoclastogenesis and bone resorption. Tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) is considered a direct inducer of osteocl...

  • Review
  • Open Access
34 Citations
10,625 Views
15 Pages

The Role of IL-33/ST2 in COPD and Its Future as an Antibody Therapy

  • Lluc Riera-Martínez,
  • Laura Cànaves-Gómez,
  • Amanda Iglesias,
  • Aina Martin-Medina and
  • Borja G. Cosío

COPD is a leading cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide and is associated with a high socioeconomic burden. Current treatment includes the use of inhaled corticosteroids and bronchodilators, which can help to improve symptoms and reduce exacerba...

  • Review
  • Open Access
30 Citations
6,580 Views
25 Pages

30 June 2021

Interleukin-33 (IL-33), a member of the IL-1 cytokine family, plays a critical role in maintaining tissue homeostasis as well as pathological conditions, such as allergy, infectious disease, and cancer, by promoting type 1 and 2 immune responses. Thr...

  • Article
  • Open Access
6 Citations
4,241 Views
23 Pages

The Merkel Cell Polyomavirus T-Antigens and IL-33/ST2-IL1RAcP Axis: Possible Role in Merkel Cell Carcinoma

  • Kashif Rasheed,
  • Ugo Moens,
  • Benedetta Policastro,
  • John Inge Johnsen,
  • Virve Koljonen,
  • Harri Sihto,
  • Weng-Onn Lui and
  • Baldur Sveinbjørnsson

Merkel cell polyomavirus (MCPyV) is a causal factor in Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC). The oncogenic potential is mediated through its viral oncoproteins large T-antigen (LT) and small T-antigen (sT). Cytokines produced by tumor cells play an important...

  • Article
  • Open Access
11 Citations
2,961 Views
16 Pages

IL-33-Induced Transcriptional Activation of LPIN1 Accelerates Breast Tumorigenesis

  • Jin-Young Kim,
  • Garam Kim,
  • Sung-Chul Lim and
  • Hong-Seok Choi

30 April 2021

Phospholipids are crucial materials that are not only required for cell membrane construction but also play significant roles as signaling molecules. LPIN1 is an enzyme that displays phosphatidate phosphatase activity in the triglyceride and phosphol...

  • Article
  • Open Access
17 Citations
3,523 Views
17 Pages

17 August 2021

Inflammation is a major contributor to the development and progression of atherosclerosis. Interleukin (IL)-33 and IL-37, members of the IL-1 family, modulate inflammation, with IL-33 having a pro-inflammatory effect and IL-37 having anti-inflammator...

  • Review
  • Open Access
19 Citations
5,220 Views
17 Pages

The ST2/IL-33 Pathway in Adult and Paediatric Heart Disease and Transplantation

  • Giacomina Brunetti,
  • Barbara Barile,
  • Grazia Paola Nicchia,
  • Francesco Onorati,
  • Giovanni Battista Luciani and
  • Antonella Galeone

ST2 is a member of interleukin 1 receptor family with soluble sST2 and transmembrane ST2L isoforms. The ligand of ST2 is IL-33, which determines the activation of numerous intracytoplasmic mediators following the binding with ST2L and IL-1RAcP, leadi...

  • Article
  • Open Access
20 Citations
6,817 Views
13 Pages

Associations between Variants in IL-33/ST2 Signaling Pathway Genes and Coronary Heart Disease Risk

  • Fangqin Wu,
  • Mei'an He,
  • Qiang Wen,
  • Wencai Zhang,
  • Jinhua Yang,
  • Xiaomin Zhang,
  • Tangchun Wu and
  • Longxian Cheng

15 December 2014

The IL-33/ST2 signaling pathway plays an important role in coronary artery disease (CHD); however, few studies have explored how variants in IL-33/ST2 genes influence CHD risk. Here, we examined the association between genetic variants in IL-33, ST2,...

  • Review
  • Open Access
16 Citations
6,820 Views
19 Pages

Microbiota and IL-33/31 Axis Linkage: Implications and Therapeutic Perspectives in Atopic Dermatitis and Psoriasis

  • Laura Bonzano,
  • Francesco Borgia,
  • Rossella Casella,
  • Andrea Miniello,
  • Eustachio Nettis and
  • Sebastiano Gangemi

10 July 2023

Microbiome dysbiosis and cytokine alternations are key features of atopic dermatitis (AD) and psoriasis (PsO), two of the most prevalent and burdensome pruritic skin conditions worldwide. Interleukin (IL)-33 and IL-31 have been recognized to be major...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
2,165 Views
15 Pages

The IL-33/ST2 Axis Affects Adipogenesis Through Regulating the TRAF6/RelA Pathway

  • Shujun Cao,
  • Xuyong Qin,
  • Chengping Li,
  • Lichun Zhang,
  • Shizhong Ren,
  • Wenhao Zhou,
  • Meiman Zhao and
  • Guoli Zhou

8 November 2024

Understanding the regulatory mechanisms of adipogenesis is essential for preventing obesity. Interleukin-33 (IL-33) has recently attracted increasing attention for its role in adipogenesis. The purpose of this study was to explore the function and re...

  • Brief Report
  • Open Access
338 Views
6 Pages

IL-33 Modulates Cytotoxic NK Cell Subsets in Severe Eosinophilic Asthma

  • Laura Bergantini,
  • Irene Paggi,
  • Tommaso Pianigiani,
  • Elena Bargagli and
  • Paolo Cameli

18 February 2026

Natural Killer (NK) cells contribute to airway inflammation in severe eosinophilic asthma (SEA). IL-33, elevated in SEA, may modulate NK cell function, but its effects are unclear. We analyzed peripheral blood NK cell subsets from five SEA patients a...

  • Article
  • Open Access
972 Views
18 Pages

An Innovative Immunotoxin Design Against Allergy Based on the IL-33 Cytokine and the Ribotoxin α-Sarcin

  • Javier Narbona,
  • Rodrigo Lázaro-Gorines,
  • Adrián Gutiérrez-Carmona,
  • Juan Carlos López-Rodríguez,
  • Mayte Villalba and
  • Javier Lacadena

9 October 2025

Allergies constitute one of the major health problems worldwide, increasing their prevalence in developed countries. To overcome this multifactorial disease, immunotherapy and the use of immune molecules, such as immunotoxins, have arisen as promisin...

  • Article
  • Open Access
10 Citations
5,176 Views
12 Pages

House Dust Mite Induces Bone Marrow IL-33-Responsive ILC2s and TH Cells

  • Emma Boberg,
  • Kristina Johansson,
  • Carina Malmhäll,
  • Julie Weidner and
  • Madeleine Rådinger

Type 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) and their adaptive counterpart type 2 T helper (TH2) cells respond to interleukin-33 (IL-33) by producing IL-5, which is a crucial cytokine for eosinophil development in the bone marrow. The aim of this study was...

  • Article
  • Open Access
7 Citations
2,929 Views
10 Pages

Betuletol, a Propolis Component, Suppresses IL-33 Gene Expression and Effective against Eosinophilia

  • Aurpita Shaha,
  • Rezwanul Islam,
  • Naonobu Tanaka,
  • Yoshiki Kashiwada,
  • Hiroyuki Fukui,
  • Noriaki Takeda,
  • Yoshiaki Kitamura and
  • Hiroyuki Mizuguchi

25 August 2022

Propolis, a resinous substance produced by honeybees, has been used in folk medicine since ancient times due to its many biological benefits such as antitumor, antioxidant, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and immunomodulatory effects. Propolis cont...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
1,805 Views
12 Pages

Exploring the Impact of IL-33 Gene Polymorphism (rs1929992) on Susceptibility to Chronic Spontaneous Urticaria and Its Association with Serum Interleukin-33 Levels

  • Carmen-Teodora Dobrican-Băruța,
  • Diana Mihaela Deleanu,
  • Mihaela Iancu,
  • Ioana Adriana Muntean,
  • Irena Nedelea,
  • Radu-Gheorghe Bălan,
  • Lucia Maria Procopciuc and
  • Gabriela Adriana Filip

22 December 2024

Urticaria is a debilitating skin condition affecting up to 20% of the global population, characterized by erythematous, maculopapular lesions and significant quality of life impairment. This study focused on the role of interleukin 33 (IL-33) and its...

  • Article
  • Open Access
9 Citations
3,584 Views
12 Pages

Chronic refractory wounds are one of the complications of diabetes mellitus that require effective therapy. The dermal-wound-healing property of IL-33 in diabetics is little understood. Therefore, this study aimed to express recombinant humanized mat...

  • Article
  • Open Access
23 Citations
4,152 Views
20 Pages

Interleukin (IL)-33 is a proinflammatory mediator that alerts the host immune system to disorders in tissue homeostasis. Aim. To understand the role of IL-33 in modulating gastric tissue cell growth affected by Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori). Method...

  • Article
  • Open Access
21 Citations
3,671 Views
15 Pages

IL-33 Is Involved in the Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Butyrate and Propionate on TNFα-Activated Endothelial Cells

  • Meng Li,
  • Betty C. A. M. van Esch,
  • Paul A. J. Henricks,
  • Johan Garssen and
  • Gert Folkerts

28 February 2021

Short-chain fatty acids (e.g., butyrate and propionate) are able to diminish endothelial cell activation. The aim of this study was to investigate whether intracellular IL-33 mediates the effects of butyrate and propionate on TNFα-induced IL-8 produc...

  • Article
  • Open Access
12 Citations
4,158 Views
15 Pages

Bacillus Calmette–Guérin-Induced Human Mast Cell Activation Relies on IL-33 Priming

  • Karen M. Garcia-Rodriguez,
  • Anu Goenka,
  • Darren D. Thomson,
  • Rajia Bahri,
  • Chiara Tontini,
  • Barbora Salcman,
  • Rogelio Hernandez-Pando and
  • Silvia Bulfone-Paus

Bacillus Calmette–Guérin (BCG) vaccine is an attenuated strain of Mycobacterium bovis that provides weak protection against tuberculosis (TB). Mast cells (MCs) are tissue-resident immune cells strategically that serve as the first line o...

  • Article
  • Open Access
18 Citations
5,546 Views
15 Pages

Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor Activation Downregulates IL-33 Expression in Keratinocytes via Ovo-Like 1

  • Gaku Tsuji,
  • Akiko Hashimoto-Hachiya,
  • Vu Hai Yen,
  • Sho Miake,
  • Masaki Takemura,
  • Yasutaka Mitamura,
  • Takamichi Ito,
  • Maho Murata,
  • Masutaka Furue and
  • Takeshi Nakahara

24 March 2020

Background: IL-33, one of the IL-1 superfamily cytokines, has been shown to be associated with pruritus and inflammation in atopic dermatitis (AD). Furthermore, IL-33 production derived from keratinocytes reportedly has a crucial role in the developm...

  • Article
  • Open Access
21 Citations
5,987 Views
13 Pages

Helicobacter pylori Induces IL-33 Production and Recruits ST-2 to Lipid Rafts to Exacerbate Inflammation

  • Chia-Jung Kuo,
  • Chun-Ya Chen,
  • Horng-Ren Lo,
  • Chun-Lung Feng,
  • Hui-Yu Wu,
  • Mei-Zi Huang,
  • Tung-Nan Liao,
  • Yu-An Chen and
  • Chih-Ho Lai

21 October 2019

Helicobacter pylori colonizes human gastric epithelial cells and contributes to the development of several gastrointestinal disorders. Interleukin (IL)-33 is involved in various immune responses, with reported proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory ef...

of 551