Correction: Floris, I., et al. How the Infestation Level of Varroa destructor Affects the Distribution Pattern of Multi-Infested Cells in Worker Brood of Apis mellifera. Veterinary Science 2020, 7, 136
1. Introduction
[This behavior suggests]
[This suggests]
[It is important to highlight that in environmental conditions favorable for the constant presence of brood in the hives throughout seasons, such as in the Mediterranean area, it is crucial to correctly estimate the percentage of cells infested by one or more mites.]
[It is important to highlight that in environmental conditions favorable for the constant presence of brood in the hives throughout seasons, such as in the Mediterranean area, it is crucial to correctly estimate the percentage of cells infested by one or more mites [34]]
2. Materials and Methods
[Data availability: The complete datasets analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.]
3. Results
[Consequently, once the number of mites passing from the phoretic to the reproductive phase is established and once the number of cells available to be invaded by the mite is known, e.g., by using a predictive model [17,34], it could be possible to define the distribution of female mites in brood cells for each level of infestation.]
[Starting from the studies of Martin [12] and DeGrandi-Hoffmann and Curry [16], which showed the effects of infestation on mite reproduction rate and bee longevity, we can highlight the additional effects of multi-infestation.]
[Therefore]
[Considering]
[These data could also be used to improve the models on the Varroa dynamic]
4. Discussion
[This phenomenon also has important effects on the genetic structure of the population of Varroa. In fact, as observed by Beaurepaire et al. [35], the increase in the co-infestation rate of brood cells also coincides with an increase in the recombined lines in the mite populations. Therefore, if treatments against Varroa are carried out before the recombination phase has taken place, the inbreeding will greatly promote the fixation of the alleles for acaricide resistance [35]].
[In fact, based on our findings, we can provide significant correction factors, previously unknown in the literature, to define the evolution of Varroa infestation, better representing the behavior of the mite in apiary conditions]
[In fact, based on our second-degree polynomial curves it could be possible to define the distribution of female mites in brood cells and their rate of reproduction for each level of infestation. Therefore, these equations provide significant correction factors, previously unknown in the literature, to define the evolution of Varroa infestation, better representing the behavior of the mite in apiary conditions]
[In addition, the information obtained in the reduction of adult bee longevity as a function of the average number of mites per infested cell, could be used to better understand the effects of the increasing infestation levels on bee population dynamic.]
5. References
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[Martin, S.J. Reproduction of Varroa jacobsoni in cells of Apis mellifera containing one or more mother mites and the distribution of these cells. J. Apic. Res. 1995, 34, 187–196.]
[DeGrandi-Hoffman, G.; Curry, R. A mathematical model of Varroa mite (Varroa destructor Anderson and Trueman) and honeybee (Apis mellifera L.) population dynamics. Internat. J. Acarol. 2004, 30, 259–274.]
[DeGrandi-Hoffman, G.; Curry, R. A mathematical model of Varroa mite (Varroa destructor Anderson and Trueman) and honeybee (Apis mellifera L.) population dynamics. Int. J. Acarol. 2004, 30, 259–274.]
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References
- Floris, I.; Pusceddu, M.; Satta, A. How the Infestation Level of Varroa destructor Affects the Distribution Pattern of Multi-Infested Cells in Worker Brood of Apis mellifera. Vet. Sci. 2020, 7, 136. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
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Floris, I.; Pusceddu, M.; Satta, A. Correction: Floris, I., et al. How the Infestation Level of Varroa destructor Affects the Distribution Pattern of Multi-Infested Cells in Worker Brood of Apis mellifera. Veterinary Science 2020, 7, 136. Vet. Sci. 2020, 7, 202. https://doi.org/10.3390/vetsci7040202
Floris I, Pusceddu M, Satta A. Correction: Floris, I., et al. How the Infestation Level of Varroa destructor Affects the Distribution Pattern of Multi-Infested Cells in Worker Brood of Apis mellifera. Veterinary Science 2020, 7, 136. Veterinary Sciences. 2020; 7(4):202. https://doi.org/10.3390/vetsci7040202
Chicago/Turabian StyleFloris, Ignazio, Michelina Pusceddu, and Alberto Satta. 2020. "Correction: Floris, I., et al. How the Infestation Level of Varroa destructor Affects the Distribution Pattern of Multi-Infested Cells in Worker Brood of Apis mellifera. Veterinary Science 2020, 7, 136" Veterinary Sciences 7, no. 4: 202. https://doi.org/10.3390/vetsci7040202