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Bioengineering
Volume 12
Issue 9
10.3390/bioengineering12090923
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This is an early access version, the complete PDF, HTML, and XML versions will be available soon.
Article

Decreasing Bone Resorption by Inducing Anti-Osteoclastogenic IFN-γ and IL-10 Expression in the Spleen Through an Electromagnetic Field on LPS-Induced Osteoporosis Mice

by
Myeong-Hyun Nam
,
Hee-Jung Park
,
Tae-Woo Kim
,
In-Ho Lee
,
Hee-Deok Yun
,
Zuyu Chen
and
Young-Kwon Seo
*
Department of Biomedical Engineering, Dongguk University, Goyang-si 10326, Republic of Korea
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Bioengineering 2025, 12(9), 923; https://doi.org/10.3390/bioengineering12090923 (registering DOI)
Submission received: 10 July 2025 / Revised: 22 August 2025 / Accepted: 26 August 2025 / Published: 27 August 2025
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Electromagnetic Regenerative Bioengineering: Updates and Future Directions)
Versions Notes

Abstract

This study sought to evaluate the inhibitory effect of pulsed electromagnetic field (PEMF) therapy on bone resorption in a mouse model of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced osteoporosis. A total of 40 mice were divided into four groups: control, LPS, LPS + alendronate, and LPS + PEMF. Blood and spleen samples were analyzed using RT-PCR and ELISA, while calvaria and femurs were assessed by micro-computed tomography (CT) and histological analysis. Serum analysis revealed that, compared with the control group, calcium levels in the PEMF group showed no significant difference, but alkaline phosphatase (ALP) levels were significantly increased, whereas tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) levels were significantly decreased. Moreover, blood cytokine analysis showed reduced expression of TNF-α and IL-1β and increased expression of BMP-2 in the PEMF group. Spleen tissue analysis further demonstrated significant upregulation of IFN-γ and IL-10 expression in the PEMF group. Micro-CT confirmed that PEMF inhibited femoral bone loss and promoted bone regeneration in calvarial defects. Histological evaluation with hematoxylin and eosin and Masson–Goldner trichrome staining confirmed enhanced bone formation in both the femur and calvaria. In conclusion, PEMF effectively alleviates bone loss and promotes bone regeneration in LPS-induced osteoporosis. Furthermore, PEMF exhibits anti-osteoclastogenic activity by reducing inflammatory cytokines and enhancing IFN-γ and IL-10 expression in the spleen.
Keywords: anti-osteoclastogenic; IFN-γ; IL-10; spleen; pulsed electromagnetic field anti-osteoclastogenic; IFN-γ; IL-10; spleen; pulsed electromagnetic field

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MDPI and ACS Style

Nam, M.-H.; Park, H.-J.; Kim, T.-W.; Lee, I.-H.; Yun, H.-D.; Chen, Z.; Seo, Y.-K. Decreasing Bone Resorption by Inducing Anti-Osteoclastogenic IFN-γ and IL-10 Expression in the Spleen Through an Electromagnetic Field on LPS-Induced Osteoporosis Mice. Bioengineering 2025, 12, 923. https://doi.org/10.3390/bioengineering12090923

AMA Style

Nam M-H, Park H-J, Kim T-W, Lee I-H, Yun H-D, Chen Z, Seo Y-K. Decreasing Bone Resorption by Inducing Anti-Osteoclastogenic IFN-γ and IL-10 Expression in the Spleen Through an Electromagnetic Field on LPS-Induced Osteoporosis Mice. Bioengineering. 2025; 12(9):923. https://doi.org/10.3390/bioengineering12090923

Chicago/Turabian Style

Nam, Myeong-Hyun, Hee-Jung Park, Tae-Woo Kim, In-Ho Lee, Hee-Deok Yun, Zuyu Chen, and Young-Kwon Seo. 2025. "Decreasing Bone Resorption by Inducing Anti-Osteoclastogenic IFN-γ and IL-10 Expression in the Spleen Through an Electromagnetic Field on LPS-Induced Osteoporosis Mice" Bioengineering 12, no. 9: 923. https://doi.org/10.3390/bioengineering12090923

APA Style

Nam, M.-H., Park, H.-J., Kim, T.-W., Lee, I.-H., Yun, H.-D., Chen, Z., & Seo, Y.-K. (2025). Decreasing Bone Resorption by Inducing Anti-Osteoclastogenic IFN-γ and IL-10 Expression in the Spleen Through an Electromagnetic Field on LPS-Induced Osteoporosis Mice. Bioengineering, 12(9), 923. https://doi.org/10.3390/bioengineering12090923

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