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Volume 9
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This is an early access version, the complete PDF, HTML, and XML versions will be available soon.
Article

A Glycerol Acetylation Study on a Tin Ferrite Nanocatalyst

by
Rami Doukeh
1,
Andreea-Cătălina Joe
2,
Ion Onuțu
2,
Iuliana Veronica Ghețiu
1,
Marian Băjan
2,
Gabriel Vasilievici
3,
Dorin Bomboș
4,*,
Abeer Baioun
5,
Cașen Panaitescu
1,
Ionuț Banu
6 and
Romuald Győrgy
6,*
1
Department of Well Drilling, Extraction and Transport of Hydrocarbons, Petroleum-Gas University of Ploiesti, 39 Bucharest Blvd., 100680 Ploiesti, Romania
2
Department of Petroleum Refining Engineering and Environmental Protection, Petroleum-Gas University of Ploiesti, 39 Bucharest Blvd., 100680 Ploiesti, Romania
3
National Institute for Research Development for Chemistry and Petrochemistry-ICECHIM-București, 202 Spl. Independenței, 060021 Bucharest, Romania
4
Chemistry Department, Petroleum-Gas University of Ploiesti, 39 Bucharest Blvd., 100680 Ploiesti, Romania
5
Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, University of Damascus, Damascus P.O. Box 30621, Syria
6
Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, National University of Science and Technology POLITEHNICA Bucharest, 060042 Bucharest, Romania
*
Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.
ChemEngineering 2025, 9(4), 86; https://doi.org/10.3390/chemengineering9040086
Submission received: 18 May 2025 / Revised: 12 July 2025 / Accepted: 29 July 2025 / Published: 8 August 2025
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Catalytic Reactions and Development of (Bio)Chemical Processes for Synthesizing Value Added Compounds)
Versions Notes

Abstract

In this study, a novel magnetic nanocatalyst based on tin ferrite (SnFe2O4) was synthesized via a chemical co-precipitation method and thoroughly characterized using XRD, SEM, TGA-DTG, BET, FTIR, and FTIR-pyridine techniques. The catalyst exhibited high crystallinity, a mesoporous structure with a specific surface area of 79.7 m2/g, and well-defined Lewis and Brønsted acid sites. Its catalytic performance was assessed in the esterification of glycerol with acetic acid to produce monoacetin (MAG), diacetin (DAG), and triacetin (TAG). A Box–Behnken experimental design was employed to evaluate the influence of temperature, catalyst loading, and the acetic-acid-to-glycerol molar ratio on product distribution and glycerol conversion. Statistical analysis and regression modeling revealed excellent predictive accuracy (R2 > 0.99), confirming the robustness of the model. Optimal reaction conditions (110 °C, 2 wt.% catalyst, and AA/GLY ratio of 3.6) yielded a maximum glycerol conversion of 93.2% and a combined DAG and TAG yield of ~59.1%. These results demonstrate the high efficiency and selectivity of the synthesized SnFe2O4 catalyst, making it a promising candidate for sustainable glycerol valorization.
Keywords: glycerol acetylation; tin-ferrite catalyst; nano-catalyst; reaction condition optimization glycerol acetylation; tin-ferrite catalyst; nano-catalyst; reaction condition optimization

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MDPI and ACS Style

Doukeh, R.; Joe, A.-C.; Onuțu, I.; Ghețiu, I.V.; Băjan, M.; Vasilievici, G.; Bomboș, D.; Baioun, A.; Panaitescu, C.; Banu, I.; et al. A Glycerol Acetylation Study on a Tin Ferrite Nanocatalyst. ChemEngineering 2025, 9, 86. https://doi.org/10.3390/chemengineering9040086

AMA Style

Doukeh R, Joe A-C, Onuțu I, Ghețiu IV, Băjan M, Vasilievici G, Bomboș D, Baioun A, Panaitescu C, Banu I, et al. A Glycerol Acetylation Study on a Tin Ferrite Nanocatalyst. ChemEngineering. 2025; 9(4):86. https://doi.org/10.3390/chemengineering9040086

Chicago/Turabian Style

Doukeh, Rami, Andreea-Cătălina Joe, Ion Onuțu, Iuliana Veronica Ghețiu, Marian Băjan, Gabriel Vasilievici, Dorin Bomboș, Abeer Baioun, Cașen Panaitescu, Ionuț Banu, and et al. 2025. "A Glycerol Acetylation Study on a Tin Ferrite Nanocatalyst" ChemEngineering 9, no. 4: 86. https://doi.org/10.3390/chemengineering9040086

APA Style

Doukeh, R., Joe, A.-C., Onuțu, I., Ghețiu, I. V., Băjan, M., Vasilievici, G., Bomboș, D., Baioun, A., Panaitescu, C., Banu, I., & Győrgy, R. (2025). A Glycerol Acetylation Study on a Tin Ferrite Nanocatalyst. ChemEngineering, 9(4), 86. https://doi.org/10.3390/chemengineering9040086

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