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Volume 13
Issue 6
10.3390/pr13061633
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This is an early access version, the complete PDF, HTML, and XML versions will be available soon.
Article

A Hierarchical Distributed and Local Voltage Control Strategy for Photovoltaic Clusters in Distribution Networks

by
Zhiwei Liu
1,
Zhe Wang
2,
Yuzhe Chen
2,
Qirui Ren
2,
Jinli Zhao
1,*,
Sihai Qiu
2,
Yuxiao Zhao
2 and
Hao Zhang
2
1
State Key Laboratory of Intelligent Power Distribution Equipment and System, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
2
Beijing Smartchip Microelectronics Technology Co., Ltd., Beijing 102299, China
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Processes 2025, 13(6), 1633; https://doi.org/10.3390/pr13061633
Submission received: 10 April 2025 / Revised: 16 May 2025 / Accepted: 21 May 2025 / Published: 22 May 2025
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Distributed Intelligent Energy Systems)
Versions Notes

Abstract

The increasing integration of distributed photovoltaics (PVs) has intensified voltage violations in active distribution networks (ADNs). Traditional centralized voltage regulation approaches face substantial challenges in terms of communication and computation. Distributed control methods can help mitigate these issues through distributed algorithms but struggle to track real-time fluctuations in PV generation. Local control offers fast voltage adjustments but lacks coordination among different PV units. This paper presents a hierarchical distributed and local voltage control strategy for PV clusters. First, the alternating direction method of multipliers (ADMM) algorithm is adopted to coordinate the reactive power outputs of PV inverters across clusters, providing reference values for local control. Then, in the local control phase, a Q-P control strategy is utilized to address real-time PV fluctuations. The flexibility of the local control strategy is enhanced using the lifted linear decision rule, enabling a rapid response to PV power fluctuations. Finally, the proposed strategy is tested on both the modified IEEE 33-node distribution system and a practical 53-node distribution system to evaluate its performance. The results demonstrate that the proposed method effectively mitigates voltage issues, reducing the average voltage deviation by 53.93% while improving flexibility and adaptability to real-time changes in PV output.
Keywords: active distribution network; distributed photovoltaic; voltage regulation; decentralized coordination; local control active distribution network; distributed photovoltaic; voltage regulation; decentralized coordination; local control

Share and Cite

MDPI and ACS Style

Liu, Z.; Wang, Z.; Chen, Y.; Ren, Q.; Zhao, J.; Qiu, S.; Zhao, Y.; Zhang, H. A Hierarchical Distributed and Local Voltage Control Strategy for Photovoltaic Clusters in Distribution Networks. Processes 2025, 13, 1633. https://doi.org/10.3390/pr13061633

AMA Style

Liu Z, Wang Z, Chen Y, Ren Q, Zhao J, Qiu S, Zhao Y, Zhang H. A Hierarchical Distributed and Local Voltage Control Strategy for Photovoltaic Clusters in Distribution Networks. Processes. 2025; 13(6):1633. https://doi.org/10.3390/pr13061633

Chicago/Turabian Style

Liu, Zhiwei, Zhe Wang, Yuzhe Chen, Qirui Ren, Jinli Zhao, Sihai Qiu, Yuxiao Zhao, and Hao Zhang. 2025. "A Hierarchical Distributed and Local Voltage Control Strategy for Photovoltaic Clusters in Distribution Networks" Processes 13, no. 6: 1633. https://doi.org/10.3390/pr13061633

APA Style

Liu, Z., Wang, Z., Chen, Y., Ren, Q., Zhao, J., Qiu, S., Zhao, Y., & Zhang, H. (2025). A Hierarchical Distributed and Local Voltage Control Strategy for Photovoltaic Clusters in Distribution Networks. Processes, 13(6), 1633. https://doi.org/10.3390/pr13061633

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