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Risks, Volume 10, Issue 6

June 2022 - 21 articles

Cover Story: Faced with the need to adjust public pension systems to meet changing demographic, economic, and social conditions, most developed countries have created government reserve funds to ensure macroeconomic sustainability. This paper aims to study the importance that this reserve fund plays in the sustainability of the Spanish public pension system. Using data for the 2000 to 2019 (20 observations) on the main variables impacting the system, we calculated probabilities and other indicators of its unsustainability in relation to the reserve fund. View this paper
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Articles (21)

  • Article
  • Open Access
2 Citations
2,977 Views
16 Pages

17 June 2022

We introduce here a diffusion-type approximation of the ruin probability both in finite and infinite time for a two-dimensional risk process, where claims and premiums are shared with a predetermined proportion. This type of process is often called t...

  • Article
  • Open Access
12 Citations
10,843 Views
20 Pages

16 June 2022

Since December 2019 we have been living with the virus known as SARS-CoV-2, a situation which has led to health policies being given prevalence over economic ones and has caused a paralysis in the demand for raw materials for several months due to th...

  • Technical Note
  • Open Access
9 Citations
10,107 Views
12 Pages

16 June 2022

There are numerous risks associated with mining and owning cryptocurrencies, and exploring and producing oil and natural gas are highly risky, costly, and controversial. A marriage of digital mining and exploring and producing oil and natural gas has...

  • Article
  • Open Access
5 Citations
3,580 Views
21 Pages

Air Pollution and Mortality Impacts

  • Zhe Michelle Dong,
  • Han Lin Shang and
  • Aaron Bruhn

14 June 2022

This study quantifies the air quality impact on population mortality from an actuarial perspective, considering implications to the industry through the application of findings. The study focuses on the increase in mortality from air quality changes...

  • Article
  • Open Access
8 Citations
2,879 Views
20 Pages

14 June 2022

The objective of this paper is to analyze the volatility spillover effects in the Moroccan interbank sector before and during the COVID-19 pandemic crisis using the DY model. Specifically, this study assesses the impact of the recent COVID-19 outbrea...

  • Feature Paper
  • Article
  • Open Access
8 Citations
4,029 Views
29 Pages

Meta-Learning Approaches for Recovery Rate Prediction

  • Paolo Gambetti,
  • Francesco Roccazzella and
  • Frédéric Vrins

12 June 2022

While previous academic research highlights the potential of machine learning and big data for predicting corporate bond recovery rates, the operations management challenge is to identify the relevant predictive variables and the appropriate model. I...

  • Article
  • Open Access
5 Citations
5,992 Views
15 Pages

12 June 2022

Research on cryptocurrencies has proliferated in recent years. Our research objective was to answer the question of whether macroeconomic news from the U.S. affects Bitcoin in the same way it affects other common investment assets such as gold, the S...

  • Article
  • Open Access
5 Citations
3,359 Views
30 Pages

A Managed Volatility Investment Strategy for Pooled Annuity Products

  • Shuanglan Li,
  • Héloïse Labit Hardy,
  • Michael Sherris and
  • Andrés M. Villegas

10 June 2022

Pooled annuity products, where the participants share systematic and idiosyncratic mortality risks as well as investment returns and risk, provide an attractive and effective alternative to traditional guaranteed life annuity products. While longevit...

  • Article
  • Open Access
5 Citations
2,794 Views
20 Pages

10 June 2022

Online activity increasing spreads with the power of technological development. Many studies reported the impact of online activities on decision making. From the statistical perspective, decision making is related to statistical inference. In this r...

  • Article
  • Open Access
2 Citations
3,407 Views
17 Pages

Analyzing How the Social Security Reserve Fund in Spain Affects the Sustainability of the Pension System

  • Emilio Gómez-Déniz,
  • Jorge V. Pérez-Rodríguez and
  • Simón Sosvilla-Rivero

10 June 2022

Faced with the need to adjust public pension systems to meet changing demographic, economic and social conditions, most developed countries have created government reserve funds to ensure macroeconomic sustainability. This paper aims to study the imp...

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Risks - ISSN 2227-9091