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Editorial

Advances in Chemical Sensors and Biosensors: Celebrating the 60th Birthday of Professors Huangxian Ju and Xueji Zhang

by
Lin Ding
1,2,*,
Haifeng Dong
3,* and
Zhihui Dai
4,5,*
1
State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
2
Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), ChemBioMed Interdisciplinary Research Center, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
3
School of Biomedical Engineering, Health Science Centre, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
4
Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Biofunctional Materials, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
5
School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
*
Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Chemosensors 2025, 13(8), 301; https://doi.org/10.3390/chemosensors13080301
Submission received: 28 July 2025 / Accepted: 8 August 2025 / Published: 11 August 2025
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Dedicated to Professor Huangxian Ju and Professor Xueji Zhang on the Occasion of Their 60th Birthday for Their Outstanding Contributions to the Field of Chemical/Bio Sensors)
Versions Notes
Chemical sensors and biosensors, as a critical interdisciplinary field bridging analytical chemistry and chemical/biomedical engineering, have achieved remarkable progress over recent decades. This domain focuses on developing highly sensitive and selective detection tools for diverse applications including clinical diagnostics [1,2,3], food safety [4], environmental monitoring [5], and life sciences research [6,7]. Rapid advancements in nanotechnology, materials science, micro/nano-fabrication, and artificial intelligence [8,9] have driven significant breakthroughs in detection principles, signal transduction, and application scopes [10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21]. The core of modern chemical sensors and biosensors lies in converting target recognition events into measurable signals, a process that relies on the ingenious designs of functional materials and innovative signal amplification strategies [22,23,24]. The recent introductions of novel nanomaterials—such as graphene [25], metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) [4,26] and covalent organic frameworks [27], upconversion nanoparticles [28], 2D MoS2 and MoSe2 [29], and hydrogel [30,31]—have dramatically enhanced sensor performance. Concurrently, the integration of emerging technologies like DNA nanotechnology [32,33,34,35], biomimetic recognition elements [36], and microfluidic chips [37,38,39] has significantly improved detection capabilities in complex matrices [2]. Notably, the rise of near-infrared fluorescence [40], photoacoustic imaging [41,42], and surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) techniques [40,43] provides powerful tools for in vivo real-time monitoring and dynamic tracking, advancing both fundamental research and precision medicine.
This Special Issue compiles 16 cutting-edge studies to celebrate the 60th birthdays of Professors Huangxian Ju [21,24,35,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52] and Xueji Zhang, whose pioneering contributions have laid essential foundations for the field [53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65]. Professor Ju was born in Jiangsu, China, on November 10, 1964, graduated from Nanjing University, and then joined this university in 1992. As one of the creators, he has been working as the director of the State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science since 2011. In 1994, he developed the first biosensor for the determination of proteins [44]. As one of the earliest groups, his group introduced nanotechnology to the biosensing field in 1997, which led to new concepts of signal amplification and nanobiosensing and offered high performance and versatility for biosensing applications, especially in life analytical chemistry [45]. In 2000, his group combined PCR technology with an electrochemical sensor to design the methods for detecting several DNA fragments. He then developed the electrochemical cytosensing field, and presented the methods for the exogenous effect study of cell viability [46]. In 2004, he proposed the first electrochemiluminescence (ECL) biosensor based on the intrinsic ECL emission of quantum dots [47], which brought a new field for ECL biosensing application of quantum dots and set off a research hotspot of ECL biosensing with inorganic nanoparticles. During 2005–2008, he presented six signal resolution strategies for fast chemiluminescent multiplex immunosensing [24]. After 2007, he proposed some biosensing protocols for the in situ monitoring of cell surface carbohydrates, particularly protein-specific glycans [48], which was reviewed as one of the founding works for this field. Since 2011, Ju’s group has developed the first biosensing method for the in situ quantitation of intracellular microRNA [49] and the in situ detection of telomerase activity [50], designed a series of nanotheranostics for photodynamic therapy and real-time monitoring of therapeutic effect and signal amplification strategies with nanotechnologies and molecular biological technologies for sensitive biosensing of small biomolecules, proteins (tumor markers), genes (DNA and RNA), tumor cells, and glycans on cell surfaces, and for the in situ analysis of intracellular functional species and cell-secreted molecules [51], and proposed the new concepts of spectrometric biosensing and energy concentrated zone, the fixed-point labeling and hierarchical coding strategies of glycosyls [52], and DNA dual lock-and-key strategy for cell-subtype-specific siRNA delivery. These works led to 995 papers and 14 books [24,45,51], with nearly 59,000 citations and an h-index of 124, greatly expanding the biosensing field and driving the development of measurement science.
Professor Zhang has made profound and sustained contributions to biosensing, achieving internationally recognized innovations in diagnostics and sensor technologies. He pioneered a scalable argon ion beam method for fabricating carbon fiber nanoelectrodes with controllable tip diameters (50–500 nm) [53], enabling commercialized sensors for NO, H2S, glucose, and pH detection. His team developed the world’s first intelligent free radical detection system, capable of ultra-trace, rapid, and multiplex analysis, and his work underpinned international NO detection standards adopted in over 100 countries. Furthermore, they revealed that gold nanoparticles induce oxidative stress via NO release, raising significant biosafety concerns [54]. Zhang’s group engineered a series of high-sensitivity (fM-level) microRNA detection strategies for biological samples [55], culminating in the seminal review on miRNA detection in Chem. Rev. [56] and an authoritative book [57]. Recently, they discovered LbuCas13a’s high-specificity DNA targeting and created the SUREST platform for precise genotyping [58]. He also advanced disease imaging through dual-modality V2C nanosheet probes [59], hybrid membrane-wrapped CuS nanoprobes [60], and asymmetric urease-powered nanomotors [61]—breakthroughs in targeted delivery. In microbial diagnostics, Professor Zhang developed bacterial nucleic acid fingerprinting and led the creation of China’s first clinically certified time-of-flight (TOF) mass spectrometer. Professor Zhang proposed new theories and concepts in intelligent biosensing, establishing a foundational framework for next-generation diagnostic technologies. For wearable sensing, his team created the following: a DNA hydrogel sensor for on-site, naked-eye cocaine detection [62]; smart textiles monitoring motion and temperature [63,64]; and a microneedle patch enabling rapid interstitial fluid sampling/glucose monitoring [65]. His scholarly impact includes 800+ publications (cited >52,000 times; H-index: 115), 8 academic books, and 100+ granted international patents. His distinguished contributions are recognized by election to prestigious academies: Foreign Member of the Russian Academy of Engineering, Fellow of the Royal Society of Chemistry (FRSC), Fellow of the American Institute for Medical and Biological Engineering (AIMBE), and Member of the European Academy of Sciences.
In this Special Issue, the featured research spans three key directions: novel sensing materials, signal amplification strategies, and practical applications.
In nanomaterial innovation, Li et al. comprehensively reviews DNA-templated metal nanoclusters, highlighting their programmable synthesis and unique optical properties for biosensing and imaging [66]. Wu et al. summarizes advances in NIR-II molecular aggregates (J/H/AIE-aggregates), emphasizing their tunable spectral shifts and high quantum yields for deep-tissue imaging and photothermal/photodynamic therapy [67].
For signal amplification, Zhang et al. develops a UV-triggered DNAzyme nanodevice with dual gating, achieving 260 pM sensitivity for intracellular miRNA imaging [68]. Zhang et al. reports an upconversion nanoparticle-based sensor utilizing dual DNA cycling amplification, detecting bla-TEM genes at 0.093 aM with exceptional specificity [69].
Wearable sensors represent a growing focus [3,19,70]. Dai et al. describes a DNA hydrogel electrochemical sensor for interferon-γ detection in sweat, integrating smartphone readouts for real-time health monitoring [71]. Wang et al. designs a flexible glucose sensor using Ti3C2Tx/PANI composites, where coral-like nanostructures enhance enzyme immobilization and catalytic activity for sweat-based glucose sensing [72].
In biomedical applications, Yan et al. presents the Gal-QCS probe for dual-modal fluorescence/photoacoustic imaging of drug-induced liver senescence, showing 10.5-fold fluorescence and 1.4-fold photoacoustic signal enhancement in the livers of senescent mice [73]. Zhong et al. introduces the Bio-B-Cy probe with a removable biotin unit, enabling tumor-specific NIR imaging while avoiding metabolic accumulation [74]. Li et al. discusses microelectrode-based photoelectrochemical (PEC) technology for in vivo neurochemical analysis with high sensitivity [75].
Environmental monitoring advances include Kou et al.’s liquid-gated graphene field-effect transistor (Gr-FET) sensor for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs; detection range: 10−10–10−6 mol/L) [76], and Cao et al.’s portable 3D-printed paper microfluidic system for rapid (2 min) Cu2+ detection (LOD: 1.51 ng/mL) in water and biological samples [77].
This collection highlights three transformative trends: smart materials with environment-responsive properties enhance adaptability; miniaturization enables wearable sensors for personalized health monitoring; and multimodal integration expands application scenarios. Innovations such as metabolic accumulation mitigation, anti-fouling interfaces, and ultrasensitive amplification strategies bridge fundamental research with clinical and environmental applications.
As editors, we extend our deepest gratitude to all contributors and honor Professors Ju and Zhang for their visionary leadership and lasting impact. Their legacy continues to inspire advancements in chemical sensors and biosensors, driving innovations for human health and technological progress.

Conflicts of Interest

The authors declare no conflicts of interest.

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MDPI and ACS Style

Ding, L.; Dong, H.; Dai, Z. Advances in Chemical Sensors and Biosensors: Celebrating the 60th Birthday of Professors Huangxian Ju and Xueji Zhang. Chemosensors 2025, 13, 301. https://doi.org/10.3390/chemosensors13080301

AMA Style

Ding L, Dong H, Dai Z. Advances in Chemical Sensors and Biosensors: Celebrating the 60th Birthday of Professors Huangxian Ju and Xueji Zhang. Chemosensors. 2025; 13(8):301. https://doi.org/10.3390/chemosensors13080301

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ding, Lin, Haifeng Dong, and Zhihui Dai. 2025. "Advances in Chemical Sensors and Biosensors: Celebrating the 60th Birthday of Professors Huangxian Ju and Xueji Zhang" Chemosensors 13, no. 8: 301. https://doi.org/10.3390/chemosensors13080301

APA Style

Ding, L., Dong, H., & Dai, Z. (2025). Advances in Chemical Sensors and Biosensors: Celebrating the 60th Birthday of Professors Huangxian Ju and Xueji Zhang. Chemosensors, 13(8), 301. https://doi.org/10.3390/chemosensors13080301

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