Mathematics, Volume 9, Issue 2

The credit risk management process is a critical element that allows financial institutions to withstand economic downturns. Unlike the methods regarding the probability of default, which have been deeply addressed after the financial crisis in 2008,...

Steganalysis is a method to detect whether the objects contain secret messages. With the popularity of deep learning, using convolutional neural networks (CNNs), steganalytic schemes have become the chief method of combating steganography in recent y...

In this paper, we propose a family of indistinguishability operators, that we have called Yager Possibilitic Response Functions (YPRFs for short), as an appropriate tool for allocating tasks to a collective of agents. In order to select the best agen...

Recently, Special Function Theory (SPFT) and Operator Theory (OPT) have acquired a lot of concern due to their considerable applications in disciplines of pure and applied mathematics. The Hurwitz-Lerch Zeta type functions, as a part of Special Funct...

Two sufficiency theorems for parametric and a nonparametric problems of Bolza in optimal control are derived. The dynamics of the problems are nonlinear, the initial and final states are free, and the main results can be applied when nonlinear mixed...

The human face holds a privileged position in multi-disciplinary research as it conveys much information—demographical attributes (age, race, gender, ethnicity), social signals, emotion expression, and so forth. Studies have shown that due to t...

Herein we study the problem of recovering a density operator from a set of compatible marginals, motivated by limitations of physical observations. Given that the set of compatible density operators is not singular, we adopt Jaynes’ principle a...

Let $\left(X_n\right)$ be a sequence of real random variables, $\left(T_n\right)$ a sequence of random indices, and $\left({\tau }_n\right)$ a sequence of constants such that ${\tau }_n\to \infty$. The asymptotic behavior of $L_n=(1/{\tau }_n){\sum }_{i=1}^{T_n}{X}_i$, as $n\to \infty$, is investigated when $\left(X_n\right)$...

Recently, different recommendation techniques in e-learning have been designed that are helpful to both the learners and the educators in a wide variety of e-learning systems. Customized learning, which requires e-learning systems designed based on e...

Peer review is the driving force of journal development, and reviewers are gatekeepers who ensure that Mathematics maintains its standards for the high quality of its published papers [...]

The Wright function is a generalization of the exponential function and the Bessel functions. Integral relations between the Mittag–Leffler functions and the Wright function are presented. The applications of the Wright function and the Mainardi func...

We consider the coefficient inverse problem for the first-order hyperbolic system, which describes the propagation of the 2D acoustic waves in a heterogeneous medium. We recover both the denstity of the medium and the speed of sound by using a finite...

Project selection is a common problem for many companies. Specifically, it consists in identifying which projects should be selected with regard to their economic efficiency, i.e., the projects that maximise the profit they bring in while minimising...

In this paper, we use a statistical arbitrage method in different developed and emerging countries to show that the profitability of the strategy is based on the degree of market efficiency. We will show that our strategy is more profitable in emergi...

The spread of the COVID-19 epidemic worldwide has led to investigations in various aspects, including the estimation of expected cases. As it helps in identifying the need to deal with cases caused by the pandemic. In this study, we have used artific...

For a graph G with no isolated vertex, let ${\gamma }_{pr}\left(G\right)$ and ${\mathrm{sd}}_{{\gamma }_{pr}}\left(G\right)$ denote the paired-domination and paired-domination subdivision numbers, respectively. In this note, we show that if T is a tree of order $n\ge 4$ different from a healthy spider...

A graph is even (resp. odd) if all its vertex degrees are even (resp. odd). We consider edge coverings by prescribed number of even and/or odd subgraphs. In view of the 8-Flow Theorem, a graph admits a covering by three even subgraphs if and only if...

At present it is claimed that all electrical energy systems operate with high values of efficiency and reliability. In electric power systems (EPS), electrical power and distribution transformers are responsible for transferring the electrical energy...

A finite difference/Galerkin spectral discretization for the temporal and spatial fractional coupled Ginzburg–Landau system is proposed and analyzed. The Alikhanov $L2$-$1_{\sigma }$ difference formula is utilized to discretize the time Caputo fractio...

In the present paper, we test the use of Markov-Switching (MS) models with time-fixed or Generalized Autoregressive Conditional Heteroskedasticity (GARCH) variances. This, to enhance the performance of a U.S. dollar-based portfolio that invest in the...

There is an increasing concentration in the influences of nonconventional power sources on power system process and management, as the application of these sources upsurges worldwide. Renewable energy technologies are one of the best technologies for...

Current mathematics curricula have as one of their fundamental objectives the development of number sense. This is understood as a set of skills. Some of them have an algebraic nature such as acquiring an abstract understanding of relations between n...

This study is concerned with robust synchronization for master–slave chaotic systems with matched/mismatched disturbances and uncertainty in the control input. A robust sliding mode control (SMC) is presented to achieve chaos synchronization even und...

One of the fastest known general techniques for computing permanents is Ryser’s formula. On this note, we show that this formula over Sylvester Hadamard matrices of order $2^m$, $H_m$, can be carried out by enumerating m-variable Boolean functions wi...

This paper concerns the properties of the generalized bi-periodic Fibonacci numbers $\left\{G_n\right\}$ generated from the recurrence relation: $G_n=a{G}_{n-1}+G_{n-2}$ (n is even) or $G_n=b{G}_{n-1}+G_{n-2}$ (n is odd). We derive general identities for the recip...

In this paper, a new class of Runge–Kutta-type collocation methods for the numerical integration of ordinary differential equations (ODEs) is presented. Its derivation is based on the integral form of the differential equation. The approach ena...

This paper makes the point on a well known property of capital allocation rules, namely the one called no-undercut. Its desirability in capital allocation stems from some stability game theoretical features that are related to the notion of core, bot...

We face the problem to determine whether an algebraic polynomial is nonnegative in an interval the Yau Number Theoretic Conjecture and Yau Geometric Conjecture is proved. In this paper, we propose a new theorem to determine if an algebraic polynomial...

The purpose of this paper is to infer a dynamic graph as a global (collective) model of time-varying measurements at a set of network nodes. This model captures both pairwise as well as higher order interactions (i.e., more than two nodes) among the...

Broadly speaking, an adversarial example against a classification model occurs when a small perturbation on an input data point produces a change on the output label assigned by the model. Such adversarial examples represent a weakness for the safety...

A new discrete distribution for count data called extended biparametric Waring ($EBW$) distribution is developed. Its name is related to the fact that, in a specific configuration of its parameters, it can be seen as a biparametric version of the univa...

Path-planning for uninhabited combat air vehicles (UCAV) is a typically complicated global optimization problem. It seeks a superior flight path in a complex battlefield environment, taking into various constraints. Many swarm intelligence (SI) algor...

A novel integrated guidance and control (IGC) scheme for a Re-entry Hypersonic Vehicle (RHV) is proposed with the capabilities of online aerodynamic coefficient estimation based on an Unscented Kalman Filter and online trajectory generation based on...

Formal Concept Analysis (FCA) is a well-known supervised boolean data-mining technique rooted in Lattice and Order Theory, that has several extensions to, e.g., fuzzy and idempotent semirings. At the heart of FCA lies a Galois connection between two...

From the perspective of the policy impact effect, this paper takes green enterprises as the treatment group and polluters as the control group. Firstly, the double difference method (DID) was adopted to study the effect of green credit policy on ente...

In this paper, we consider random hyperbolic partial differential equation (PDE) problems following the mean square approach and Laplace transform technique. Randomness requires not only the computation of the approximating stochastic processes, but...

The terms of $F-$integral contraction as well as $(\varpi ,\tilde{\zeta },F,i)-$integral contraction are introduced. Fixed point and common fixed point theorems are established. For the mapping F we use only the supposition that it is strictly i...

This case study focuses on a team of teachers and students in a Lesson Study, focused on using mathematical modeling (MM) to make significant decisions to design and plan for a sustainable edible garden in their community. We examined (a) how teacher...

We consider a class of cooperative differential games with continuous updating making use of the Pontryagin maximum principle. It is assumed that at each moment, players have or use information about the game structure defined in a closed time interv...

The heart consists of a complex network of billions of cells. Under physiological conditions, cardiac cells propagate electrical signals in space, generating the heartbeat in a synchronous and coordinated manner. When such a synchronization fails, li...

The present article concerns general mixed problems for nonlinear dispersive equations of any odd-orders posed on bounded intervals. The results on existence, uniqueness and exponential decay of solutions are presented.

An automorphism of a graph is a mapping of the vertices onto themselves such that connections between respective edges are preserved. A vertex v in a graph G is fixed if it is mapped to itself under every automorphism of G. The fixing number of a gra...

The spot freight rate processes considered in the literature for pricing forward freight agreements (FFA) and freight options usually have a particular dynamics in order to obtain the prices. In those cases, the FFA prices are explicitly obtained. Ho...

In this paper, a new approximate analytical method is proposed for solving the fractional biological population model, the fractional derivative is described in the Caputo sense. This method is based upon the Aboodh transform method and the new itera...

Multi-class classification in imbalanced datasets is a challenging problem. In these cases, common validation metrics (such as accuracy or recall) are often not suitable. In many of these problems, often real-world problems related to health, some cl...

The fractional generalization of the Ambartsumian delay equation with Caputo’s fractional derivative is considered. The Ambartsumian delay equation is very difficult to be solved neither in the case of ordinary derivatives nor in the case of fr...

In this paper, we introduced controlled discrete-time semi-Markov random evolutions. These processes are random evolutions of discrete-time semi-Markov processes where we consider a control. applied to the values of random evolution. The main results...

Chaotic oscillators have been designed with embedded systems like field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), and applied in different engineering areas. However, the majority of works do not detail the issues when choosing a numerical method and the ass...

The present study concerns product diversification. The products differ in size, shape, flavor, fat content, etc., so that the producer can more specifically modify the particular product to the unique requirements of nonhomogeneous customers. The ma...

There exist many topological indices that are calculated on saturated hydrocarbons since they can be easily modelled by simple graphs. On the other hand, it is more challenging to investigate topological indices for hydrocarbons with multiple bonds....