You are currently on the new version of our website. Access the old version .
MathematicsMathematics
  • This is an early access version, the complete PDF, HTML, and XML versions will be available soon.
  • Feature Paper
  • Article
  • Open Access

10 January 2026

Robust Trajectory Tracking for Omnidirectional Mobile Robots with Input Time Delay: An ADRC Approach

,
and
1
UPIITA, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Av. IPN 2580, Col. Barrio La Laguna Ticomán, Ciudad de México 07340, Mexico
2
InIAT, Instituto de Investigación Aplicada y Tecnología, Universidad Iberoamericana Ciudad de México, Prolongación Paseo de la Reforma 880, Colonia Lomas de Santa Fe, Ciudad de México 01219, Mexico
3
UPIIH, Instituto Poiltécnico Nacional, Carretera Pachuca—Actopan Kilómetro 1+500, Distrito de Educación, Salud, Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación, San Agustín Tlaxiaca 42162, Mexico
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Mathematics2026, 14(2), 266;https://doi.org/10.3390/math14020266 
(registering DOI)
This article belongs to the Special Issue Mathematics Methods of Robotics and Intelligent Systems

Abstract

In this article, the problem of control of the kinematic model of an omnidirectional robot with time delay in the control input is tackled through an Active Disturbance Rejection Control (ADRC) with a disturbance predictor-based scheme, which consists in predicting the generalized forward disturbance input in order to cancel it and then using a feedforward linearization approach to control the system in trajectory tracking tasks. The novelties of the scheme are to demonstrate that using the proposed extended state disturbance estimation leads to a forward estimation following the Taylor series approximation, and, to avoid using additional pose predictions, a feedforward input as an exact linearization approach is used, in which the remaining dynamics can be lumped into the generalized disturbance input. Thus, the use of extended states in prediction improves the robustness of the predictor while increasing the prediction horizon for larger time delays. The stability of the proposal is demonstrated using the second method of Lyapunov, which shows the closed-loop estimation/tracking ultimate bound behavior. Additionally, numerical simulations and experimental tests validate the robustness of the approach in trajectory-tracking tasks.

Article Metrics

Citations

Article Access Statistics

Multiple requests from the same IP address are counted as one view.