Effects of Platelet-Rich Plasma on the Oxymetholone-Induced Testicular Toxicity
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Chemicals
2.2. Animals
2.3. Preparation of PRP
2.4. Histological/Histochemical Study
2.4.1. Specimens’ Preparation for Light Microscopic Examination [25]
2.4.2. Semen Sample Preparation for Light Microscope
2.4.3. Testicular Specimens’ Preparation for Electron Microscope Examination
2.4.4. Morphometric Investigation and Statistical Analysis
2.4.5. Preparation Methodology for Sperm Morphology
3. Results
3.1. Light Microscopic Results
3.1.1. Hematoxylin and Eosin
3.1.2. Periodic Acid-Schiff’s Reaction (PAS)
3.1.3. Sperm Morphology Results
3.1.4. Electron Microscopic Results
3.1.5. Morphometric Study and Statistical Results
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
Appendix A
Body Weight | Body Weight Change | Testis Weight | Height of Germinal Epithelium | |||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Ia | II | IIIa | IIIb | Ia | II | IIIa | IIIb | Ia | II | IIIa | IIIb | Ia | II | IIIa | IIIb | |
200 | 250.03 | 265.02 | 292.23 | 40.07 | 90.52 | 103.45 | 133.9 | 1.37 | 1.01 | 1.2 | 1.25 | 92.554 | 49.55 | 71.57 | 85.16 | |
260 | 295.01 | 300.03 | 310.01 | 98.06 | 133.72 | 138.14 | 151.02 | 1.5 | 1.08 | 1.22 | 1.32 | 95.385 | 50.48 | 73.77 | 84.56 | |
210 | 276.21 | 286.7 | 282.12 | 50.96 | 115.77 | 126.66 | 122.14 | 1.6 | 1.25 | 1.37 | 1.38 | 99.75 | 52.75 | 75.95 | 85.76 | |
220 | 262.42 | 279.4 | 272.25 | 61.27 | 102.37 | 119.71 | 113.87 | 1.63 | 1.23 | 1.4 | 1.4 | 100.27 | 58.25 | 76.65 | 86.77 | |
205 | 255.85 | 276.35 | 270.02 | 46.34 | 95.08 | 116.67 | 111.4 | 1.47 | 1.21 | 1.21 | 1.29 | 105.54 | 57.35 | 76.93 | 90.55 | |
Mean | 219 | 267.90 | 281.5 | 285.32 | 59.34 | 107.49 | 120.92 | 126.48 | 1.51 | 1.15 | 1.28 | 1.32 | 98.70 | 53.67 | 74.97 | 86.56 |
Standard deviation | 24.08319 | 18.01 | 12.97 | 16.37 | 22.98 | 17.51 | 12.78 | 16.28 | 0.10 | 0.10 | 0.09 | 0.06 | 4.97 | 3.95 | 2.27 | 2.37 |
Minimum | 200 | 250.03 | 265.02 | 270.02 | 40.07 | 90.52 | 103.45 | 111.46 | 1.37 | 1.01 | 1.2 | 1.25 | 92.55 | 49.55 | 71.57 | 84.56 |
Maximum | 260 | 295.01 | 300.03 | 310.01 | 98.06 | 133.72 | 138.14 | 151.02 | 1.63 | 1.25 | 1.4 | 1.4 | 105.54 | 58.25 | 76.93 | 90.55 |
Appendix B
Body Weight | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Ia and II | Ia and IIIa | Ia and IIIb | ||||
Mean | 219 | 267.904 | 219 | 281.5 | 219 | 285.326 |
Variance | 580 | 324.644 | 580 | 168.231 | 580 | 268.12473 |
Observations | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 |
Pearson Correlation | 0.886938 | 0.87721 | 0.70427824 | |||
t Stat | −9.41474 | −9.87703 | −8.6693657 | |||
P (T ≤ t) one-tail | 0.000355 | 0.000295 | 0.00048708 | |||
t Critical one-tail | 2.131847 | 2.131847 | 2.13184679 | |||
P (T ≤ t) two-tail | 0.000709 | 0.00059 | 0.00097416 | |||
t Critical two-tail | 2.776445 | 2.776445 | 2.77644511 | |||
F | 1.78 | 3.44 | 2.16 | |||
F Critical one-tail | 6.38 | 6.38 | 6.38 | |||
Testis Weight | ||||||
Ia and II | Ia and IIIa | Ia and IIIb | ||||
Mean | 1.514 | 1.156 | 1.514 | 1.28 | 1.514 | 1.328 |
Variance | 0.01093 | 0.01108 | 0.01093 | 0.00935 | 0.01093 | 0.00387 |
Observations | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 |
Pearson Correlation | 0.826462 | 0.917483 | 0.99326917 | |||
t Stat | 12.95199 | 12.57992 | 9.59221759 | |||
P (T ≤ t) one-tail | 0.000102 | 0.000115 | 0.00033008 | |||
t Critical one-tail | 2.131847 | 2.131847 | 2.13184679 | |||
P (T ≤ t) two-tail | 0.000205 | 0.00023 | 0.00066015 | |||
t Critical two-tail | 2.776445 | 2.776445 | 2.77644511 | |||
F | 1.01 | 1.16 | 2.82 | |||
F Critical one-tail | 6.38 | 6.38 | 6.38 | |||
Height of Germinal Epithelium | ||||||
Ia and II | Ia and IIIa | Ia and IIIb | ||||
Mean | 98.7008 | 53.676 | 98.7008 | 74.974 | 98.7008 | 86.56 |
Variance | 24.78282 | 15.62888 | 24.78282 | 5.15608 | 24.7828157 | 5.64105 |
Observations | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 |
Pearson Correlation | 0.855092 | 0.92789 | 0.88839717 | |||
t Stat | 38.73921 | 17.72335 | 8.8473015 | |||
P (T ≤ t) one-tail | 1.33 × 10−6 | 2.98 × 10−5 | 0.00045057 | |||
t Critical one-tail | 2.131847 | 2.131847 | 2.13184679 | |||
P (T ≤ t) two-tail | 2.65 × 10−6 | 5.95 × 10−5 | 0.00090115 | |||
t Critical two-tail | 2.776445 | 2.776445 | 2.77644511 | |||
F | 1.58 | 4.80 | 4.39 | |||
F Critical one-tail | 6.38 | 6.38 | 6.38 |
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Subgroup | Number of Rats | Maneuvers | Time of Sacrifice |
---|---|---|---|
Group 0 | |||
10 rats | Donation of blood | At the time of donation | |
Group I | |||
Subgroup Ia | 5 rats | Left untreated. | At the end of the experiment |
Subgroup Ib | 5 rats | PRP injection (0.1 mL, intratesticular, once) | At the time of the sacrifice of the related subgroup IIIa |
Subgroup Ic | 5 rats | PRP injection (twice, with two-week intervals between each injection). | At the time of the sacrifice of the related subgroup IIIb |
Group II | |||
8 rats | Oxymetholone (10 mg/kg) for 30 days. | After 30 days | |
Group III | |||
Subgroup IIIa | 8 rats | Oxymetholone + PRP injection, once, after oxymetholone. | After 6 weeks from the start of the experiment |
Subgroup IIIb | 8 rats | Oxymetholone + PRP injection, twice, two-week intervals, after oxymetholone. | After 8 weeks from the start of the experiment |
Unit | Ia (a) | II (b) | IIIa (c) | IIIb (d) | p-Value Significance Threshold | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Body weight | Range | g | 200–260 | 250–295 | 265–300 | 270–310 | 0.001 |
Mean ± SD | 219.00 ± 24.08 b,c,d | 267.90 ± 18.01 a | 281.50 ± 12.97 a | 285.32 ± 16.37 a | |||
Body weight change | Range | g | 40.07–98.06 | 90.52–133.72 | 103.45–138.14 | 111.46–151.02 | |
Mean ± SD | 59.34 ± 22.98 b,c,d | 107.49 ± 17.51 a | 120.92 ± 12.78 a | 126.48 ± 16.28 a | |||
Testis weight | Range | g | 1.37–1.63 | 1–1.25 | 1.2–1.4 | 1.25–1.4 | |
Mean ± SD | 1.51 ± 0.10 b,c,d | 1.15 ± 0.10 a | 1.28 ± 0.09 a | 1.32 ± 0.06 a | |||
Height of germinal epithelium | Range | μm | 92.55–105.54 | 49.55–58.25 | 71.57–76.93 | 84.56–90.55 | |
Mean ± SD | 98.70 ± 4.98 b,c,d | 53.68 ± 3.95 a | 74.97 ± 2.27 a | 86.56 ± 2.37 a |
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Saba, A.I.; Elbakary, R.H.; Afifi, O.K.; Sharaf Eldin, H.E.M. Effects of Platelet-Rich Plasma on the Oxymetholone-Induced Testicular Toxicity. Diseases 2023, 11, 84. https://doi.org/10.3390/diseases11020084
Saba AI, Elbakary RH, Afifi OK, Sharaf Eldin HEM. Effects of Platelet-Rich Plasma on the Oxymetholone-Induced Testicular Toxicity. Diseases. 2023; 11(2):84. https://doi.org/10.3390/diseases11020084
Chicago/Turabian StyleSaba, Amal I., Reda H. Elbakary, Omayma K. Afifi, and Heba E. M. Sharaf Eldin. 2023. "Effects of Platelet-Rich Plasma on the Oxymetholone-Induced Testicular Toxicity" Diseases 11, no. 2: 84. https://doi.org/10.3390/diseases11020084
APA StyleSaba, A. I., Elbakary, R. H., Afifi, O. K., & Sharaf Eldin, H. E. M. (2023). Effects of Platelet-Rich Plasma on the Oxymetholone-Induced Testicular Toxicity. Diseases, 11(2), 84. https://doi.org/10.3390/diseases11020084