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Electronics
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30 November 2025

Low-Cost and Fully Metallic Interchangeable Leaky-Wave Antenna Based on 3D-Printing Technology for Multi-Beam Operation

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1
Department of Signal Theory, Telematics and Communications, Research Centre for Information and Communication Technologies (CITIC-UGR), Universidad de Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
2
Department of Electronic and Electromagnetism, Faculty of Physics, University of Seville, 41012 Seville, Spain
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Electronics2025, 14(23), 4723;https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics14234723 
(registering DOI)
This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advancements in Antenna Technologies: Novel Design Techniques and Emerging Applications

Abstract

Global data consumption is experiencing exponential growth, driving the demand for wireless links with higher transmission speeds, lower latency, and support for emerging applications such as 6G. A promising approach to address these requirements is the use of higher-frequency bands, which in turn necessitates the development of advanced antenna systems. This work presents the design and experimental validation of a reconfigurable, low-cost leaky-wave antenna capable of controlling the propagation direction of single-, dual-, and triple-beam configurations in the FR3 frequency band. The antenna employs slotted periodic patterns to enable directional electromagnetic field leakage, and it is based on a cost-effective and simple 3D-printing fabrication process. Laboratory testing confirms the theoretical and simulated predictions, demonstrating the feasibility of the proposed antenna solution.

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