As the deployment of 5G mobile radio networks gains momentum across the globe, the wireless research community is already planning the successor of 5G. In this paper, we highlight the shortcomings of 5G in meeting the needs of more data-intensive, lo...
5G is the critical mobile infrastructure required to both enable and accelerate the full digital transformation of vertical sectors. While the 5G for vertical sectors is aiming at connectivity requirements of specific verticals, such as manufacturing...
Determining the position of ourselves or our assets has always been important to humans. Technology has helped us, from sextants to outdoor global positioning systems, but real-time indoor positioning has been a challenge. Among the various solutions...
25 November 2022
Smart farming and precision agriculture rely on the different components of IoT, such as sensors, drones, and robotic devices. IoT in agriculture is the network of interconnected devices that corresponds in real time, simultaneously, to gather, analy...
The 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) evolution of mobile communication technologies from 5G to 6G has been a transformative journey spanning a decade, shaped by six releases from Release 15 to Release 20. This article provides a retrospectiv...
Sixth-generation communication networks must be highly dependable due to the foreseen connectivity of critical infrastructures through them. Dependability is a compound metric of four well-known concepts—reliability, availability, safety, and s...
This paper analyzes practical solutions for implementing 5G/6G and Digital Terrestrial Television (DTT) network coexistence in the UHF band. Two potential scenarios are explored using the case study of a nationwide DTT network: spectrum splitting and...
The terahertz (THz) frequency bands are being explored as a potential means of enabling an ultra-high transmission capacity in sixth-generation (6G) radio-access networks (RAN) because higher frequencies offer broader bandwidths. When utilized in wir...
Currently, we exist in the 5G division of the wireless technology cycle, where the standardization is complete and deployment is being carried out. However, 5G networks do not have the capacity to deliver an automated and intelligent network that sup...
Fifth-generation (5G) and sixth-generation (6G) wireless communications aim to achieve significantly higher data speeds, remarkably low latency, and substantial improvements in the efficiency of base stations. With the rapid increase in the utilizati...
As the technical specifications of the 5th Generation (5G) wireless communication standard are being wrapped up, there are growing efforts amongst researchers, industrialists, and standardisation bodies on the enabling technologies of a 6G standard o...
More spectrum bands are needed as the number of wireless applications rises. The spectrum band, though, is now very difficult to adapt to new applications. Because of this, the spectrum is getting more crowded, which also affects quality of service (...
The rapid evolution of wireless communications has introduced new possibilities for the digital transformation of maritime operations. As 5G begins to take shape in selected nearshore and port environments, the forthcoming 6G promises to unlock trans...
Smart cities and 6G are technological areas that have the potential to transform the way we live and work in the years to come. Until this transformation comes into place, there is the need, underlined by research and market studies, for a critical r...
The involvement of G-quadruplex (G4) structures in nucleic acids in various molecular processes in cells such as replication, gene-pausing, the expression of crucial cancer-related genes and DNA damage repair is well known. The compounds targeting G4...
Due to the rapid development of the fifth-generation (5G) applications, and increased demand for even faster communication networks, we expected to witness the birth of a new 6G technology within the next ten years. Many references suggested that the...
The convergence of next-generation wireless communication technologies and modern energy infrastructure presents a promising path toward sustainable and intelligent systems. This survey explores how beyond-5G and 6G communication technologies can sup...
Next-generation communication systems and wearable technologies aim to achieve high data rates, low energy consumption, and massive connections because of the extensive increase in the number of Internet-of-Things (IoT) and wearable devices. These de...
We review dielectric resonator antenna (DRA) designs. This review examines recent advancements across several categories, specifically focusing on their applicability in array configurations for millimeter-wave (mmW) bands, particularly in the contex...
Currently, 5G and the forthcoming 6G mobile communication systems are the most promising cellular generations expected to beat the growing hunger for bandwidth and enable the fully connected world presented by the Internet of Everything (IoE). The cl...
The quantum leap in mobile data traffic and high density of wireless electronic devices, coupled with the advancements in industrial radio monitoring and autonomous systems, have created great challenges for smooth wireless network operations. The fi...
The demand for wireless connectivity has grown exponentially over the last years. By 2030 there should be around 17 billion of mobile-connected devices, with monthly data traffic in the order of thousands of exabytes. Although the Fifth Generation (5...
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has severely affected people’s lives worldwide in an unexpected manner. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), several viral epidemics continue to occur and pose a significant public h...
5G, the fifth-generation mobile network, is predicted to significantly increase the traditional trajectory of energy consumption. It now uses four times as much energy as 4G, the fourth-generation mobile network. As a result, compared to previous gen...
Ubiquitous computing turns into a reality with the emergence of the Internet of Things (IoT) adopted to connect massive numbers of smart and autonomous devices for various applications. 6G-enabled IoT technology provides a platform for information co...
Compared to 4G long-term evolution (LTE) networks, 5G and 6G networks provide fast data transmission with little delay, larger base station capacity, enhanced quality of service (QoS), and extensive multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) channels. Nev...
The 5G wireless communication network is currently faced with the challenge of limited data speed exacerbated by the proliferation of billions of data-intensive applications. To address this problem, researchers are developing cutting-edge technologi...
Violence, a pervasive societal concern, demands innovative approaches for its early detection and prevention. This review paper explores the intersection of violence detection and wireless fidelity (Wi-Fi), alongside fifth-generation (5G) and sixth-g...
The Internet of Things (IoT) is what we have as a great breakthrough in the 5G network. Although the 5G network can support several Internet of Everything (IoE) services, 6G is the network to fully support that. This paper is a survey research presen...
The rapid integration of the Internet of Medical Things (IoMT) is transforming healthcare through real-time monitoring, AI-driven diagnostics, and remote treatment. However, the growing reliance on IoMT devices, such as robotic surgical systems, life...
5G systems have delivered on their promise of seamless connectivity and efficiency improvements since their global rollout began in 2020. However, maintaining subscriber identity privacy on the network remains a critical challenge. The 3GPP specifica...
The fifth-generation mobile network (5G), as the fundamental enabler of Industry 4.0, has facilitated digital transformation and smart manufacturing through AI and cloud computing (CC). However, B5G is viewed as a turning point that will fundamentall...
After implementing 5G technology, academia and industry started researching 6th generation wireless network technology (6G). 6G is expected to be implemented around the year 2030. It will offer a significant experience for everyone by enabling hyper-...
As the telecommunications landscape braces for the post-5G era, this paper embarks on delineating the foundational pillars and pioneering visions that define the trajectory toward 6G wireless communication systems. Recognizing the insatiable demand f...
Wireless data traffic has increased significantly due to the rapid growth of smart terminals and evolving real-time technologies. With the dramatic growth of data traffic, the existing cellular networks including Fifth-Generation (5G) networks cannot...
The purpose of this paper is to provide a high-level overview of the most important non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) protocols in 5G and 6G networks that incorporate code division within the context of 3GPP standardization. The article’s o...
In this paper, we discuss the critical characteristics of user experience in sixth generation (6G) cellular networks. We first describe cellular networks’ evolution through 5G and then discuss the enabling technologies and projected services in 6G ne...
We numerically investigate the relationship between the main parameters of thinned antenna arrays using a specifically designed evolutionary algorithm, the Multi-Objective Pareto Evolution for Thinning (MOPET). We provide some useful results that all...
As information technology advances quickly, so does the 5G–6G network management system, which is moving toward greater integration, decentralization, diversity, and intelligence. As flexibility is a crucial criterion for 5G–6G network ar...
The upcoming fifth- and sixth-generation (5G and 6G, respectively) communication systems are expected to deal with enormous advances compared to the existing fourth-generation communication system. The few important and common issues related to the s...
The digital transformation of businesses and services is currently in full force, opening the world to a new set of unique challenges and opportunities. In this context, 6G promises to be the set of technologies, architectures, and paradigms that wil...
The mobile network ecosystem is undergoing profound change driven by Artificial Intelligence (AI), Network Function Virtualization (NFV), and Software-Defined Networking (SDN). These technologies are well positioned to enable the essential transforma...
Trust assurance will be a cornerstone of the security and autonomy of sixth-generation (6G) networks. Traditional trust models focus on data authenticity and integrity; however, 6G systems increasingly rely on autonomous decision-making. This article...
This research paper provides a comprehensive overview of the challenges and potential solutions related to enabling haptic communication over the Tactile Internet in the context of 6G networks. The increasing demand for multimedia services and device...
A literature review is presented on energy consumption and heat transfer in recent fifth-generation (5G) antennas in network base stations. The review emphasizes on the role of computational science in addressing emerging design challenges for the co...
With the rapid development of 5G communications, enhanced mobile broadband, massive machine type communications and ultra-reliable low latency communications are widely supported. However, a 5G communication system is still based on Shannon’s informa...
The fifth generation achieved tremendous success, which brings high hopes for the next generation, as evidenced by the sixth generation (6G) key performance indicators, which include ultra-reliable low latency communication (URLLC), extremely high da...
The transition from Fifth Generation (5G) New Radio (NR) systems to Beyond 5G (B5G) and Sixth Generation (6G) networks requires innovative architectures capable of supporting ultra-high data rates, sub-millisecond latency, and massive connection dens...
Modern wireless communication systems rely heavily on multiple antennas and their corresponding signal processing to achieve optimal performance. As 5G and 6G networks emerge, beamforming and beam management become increasingly complex due to factors...
Terahertz communication has been proposed as one of the basic key technologies of the sixth-generation wireless network (6G) due to its significant advantages, such as ultra-large bandwidth, ultra-high transmission rates, high-precision positioning,...
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