Ethanolic Extract of Hippocampus abdominalis Exerts Anti-Melanogenic Effects in B16F10 Melanoma Cells and Zebrafish Larvae by Activating the ERK Signaling Pathway
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Reagents and Antibodies
2.2. Preparation and Compositional Analysis of EEHA
2.3. Cell Culture
2.4. Cell Viability
2.5. Flow Cytometry Analysis
2.6. Measurement of Extracellular and Intracellular Melain Content
2.7. Measurement of Tyrosinase Activity
2.8. cAMP Assay
2.9. Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR)
2.10. Protein Extraction and Western Blot Analysis
2.11. Anti-Melanogenic Effect in Zebrafish Larvae
2.12. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Compositional Analysis of EEHA
3.2. High Concentrations of EEHA Decrease B16F10 Melanoma Cell Viability
3.3. EEHA Inhibits α-MSH-Induced Melanogenesis in B16F10 Melanoma Cells
3.4. EEHA Attenuates Melanogenesis in Zebrafish Larvae
3.5. EEHA Inhibits MITF and Tyrosinase Expression in B16F10 Melanoma Cells by Suppressing the cAMP Signaling Pathway
3.6. EEHA Increases ERK Phosphorylation and p38 MAPK Dephosphorylation
3.7. Inhibition of ERK Reverses EEHA-Mediated Anti-Melanogenesis in B16F10 Melanoma Cells and Zebrafish Larvae
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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EEHA | (%) |
---|---|
Protein | 81.8 ± 1.2 |
Ash | 12.2 ± 0.2 |
Carbohydrate | 4.6 ± 1.2 |
Lipid | 3.5 ± 0.2 |
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Molagoda, I.M.N.; Choi, Y.H.; Lee, S.; Sung, J.; Lee, C.R.; Lee, H.G.; Lim, J.; Lee, K.-J.; Jeon, Y.-J.; Ma, J.; et al. Ethanolic Extract of Hippocampus abdominalis Exerts Anti-Melanogenic Effects in B16F10 Melanoma Cells and Zebrafish Larvae by Activating the ERK Signaling Pathway. Cosmetics 2020, 7, 1. https://doi.org/10.3390/cosmetics7010001
Molagoda IMN, Choi YH, Lee S, Sung J, Lee CR, Lee HG, Lim J, Lee K-J, Jeon Y-J, Ma J, et al. Ethanolic Extract of Hippocampus abdominalis Exerts Anti-Melanogenic Effects in B16F10 Melanoma Cells and Zebrafish Larvae by Activating the ERK Signaling Pathway. Cosmetics. 2020; 7(1):1. https://doi.org/10.3390/cosmetics7010001
Chicago/Turabian StyleMolagoda, Ilandarage Menu Neelaka, Yung Hyun Choi, Seungheon Lee, Jiwon Sung, Cho Rong Lee, Hyo Geun Lee, Jongho Lim, Kyeong-Jun Lee, You-Jin Jeon, Jeongin Ma, and et al. 2020. "Ethanolic Extract of Hippocampus abdominalis Exerts Anti-Melanogenic Effects in B16F10 Melanoma Cells and Zebrafish Larvae by Activating the ERK Signaling Pathway" Cosmetics 7, no. 1: 1. https://doi.org/10.3390/cosmetics7010001