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Volume 15
Issue 6
10.3390/coatings15060666
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This is an early access version, the complete PDF, HTML, and XML versions will be available soon.
Article

Formation and Bioactivity of Composite Structure with Sr-HA Phase and H2Ti5O11·H2O Nanorods on Ti Surface via Ultrasonic-Assisted Micro-Arc Oxidation and Heat Treatment

by
Qing Du
1,2,3,4,5,*,
Qiang Zhai
1,
Su Cheng
1,
Yudong Lin
1,
Daqing Wei
3,4,5,6,*,
Yaming Wang
3,4,5 and
Yu Zhou
3,4,5
1
Department of Civil Engineering, School of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Harbin University of Science and Technology, Harbin 150001, China
2
Biomedical Materials and Engineering Research Center, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, China
3
Center of Analysis Measurement and Computing, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
4
Institute for Advanced Ceramics, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
5
Key Laboratory of Advanced Structural-Functional Integration Materials & Green Manufacturing Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
6
College of Nuclear Science and Technology, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, China
*
Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Coatings 2025, 15(6), 666; https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings15060666 (registering DOI)
Submission received: 19 April 2025 / Revised: 19 May 2025 / Accepted: 22 May 2025 / Published: 30 May 2025
(This article belongs to the Collection Feature Paper Collection for Topic Editors and Invited Scholars in Coatings)
Versions Notes

Abstract

To address the biological inertness of pure titanium implants, a composite coating with a strontium-doped hydroxyapatite (Sr-HA) phase and H2Ti5O11·H2O nanorods was engineered via ultrasonic-assisted micro-arc oxidation (UMAO) with hydrothermal treatment (HT). The ultrasonic field was applied to modulate the MAO discharge behavior, enhancing ion transport and coating formation. Structural characterization revealed that UMAO-HT coatings exhibited a lower anatase/rutile ratio and higher Sr-HA crystallinity, as compared to MAO-HT. In vitro simulated body immersion studies showed that UMAO-HT induced rapid apatite formation within 24 h, with a better apatite-inducing ability than the conventional MAO-HT. Density functional theory (DFT) simulations demonstrated that Sr substitution in HA lowered the (001) surface work function, enhancing Ca2⁺ adsorption energy and promoting apatite phase nucleation. This work reported the synergistic effects of ultrasonic-induced microstructure optimization and Sr-HA higher bioactivity, providing a mechanistic framework for designing next-generation bioactive coatings with enhanced osseointegration potential.
Keywords: ultrasonic-assisted micro-arc oxidation; Sr-HA phase; bioactivity; materials studio simulation ultrasonic-assisted micro-arc oxidation; Sr-HA phase; bioactivity; materials studio simulation

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MDPI and ACS Style

Du, Q.; Zhai, Q.; Cheng, S.; Lin, Y.; Wei, D.; Wang, Y.; Zhou, Y. Formation and Bioactivity of Composite Structure with Sr-HA Phase and H2Ti5O11·H2O Nanorods on Ti Surface via Ultrasonic-Assisted Micro-Arc Oxidation and Heat Treatment. Coatings 2025, 15, 666. https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings15060666

AMA Style

Du Q, Zhai Q, Cheng S, Lin Y, Wei D, Wang Y, Zhou Y. Formation and Bioactivity of Composite Structure with Sr-HA Phase and H2Ti5O11·H2O Nanorods on Ti Surface via Ultrasonic-Assisted Micro-Arc Oxidation and Heat Treatment. Coatings. 2025; 15(6):666. https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings15060666

Chicago/Turabian Style

Du, Qing, Qiang Zhai, Su Cheng, Yudong Lin, Daqing Wei, Yaming Wang, and Yu Zhou. 2025. "Formation and Bioactivity of Composite Structure with Sr-HA Phase and H2Ti5O11·H2O Nanorods on Ti Surface via Ultrasonic-Assisted Micro-Arc Oxidation and Heat Treatment" Coatings 15, no. 6: 666. https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings15060666

APA Style

Du, Q., Zhai, Q., Cheng, S., Lin, Y., Wei, D., Wang, Y., & Zhou, Y. (2025). Formation and Bioactivity of Composite Structure with Sr-HA Phase and H2Ti5O11·H2O Nanorods on Ti Surface via Ultrasonic-Assisted Micro-Arc Oxidation and Heat Treatment. Coatings, 15(6), 666. https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings15060666

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