The Case for a More Holistic Approach to Dry Eye Disease: Is It Time to Move beyond Antibiotics?
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Dry Eye Disease as an Inflammatory Disorder
2.1. The Anti-Inflammatory Role of Antibiotics in DED
2.2. The Case against Antibiotics for Dry Eye Disease
2.3. The Anti-Inflammatory Role of Probiotics, Prebiotics and Funcational Foods in DED
2.4. Potential Mechanism of Action of Prebiotics, Probiotics and Functional Foods in Addressing DED
3. Prebiotics
3.1. Definition
3.2. Prebiotics and Human Health and Disease
3.3. Prebiotics and Ophthalmic Related Diseases
3.3.1. Turmeric Extract and Curcumin
3.3.2. Fructo-Oligosaccharides
3.3.3. Colostrum
3.3.4. Quercetin
3.3.5. Resveratrol
4. Probiotics
4.1. Definition
4.2. Probiotics and Human Health and Disease
4.3. Probiotics and Ophthalmic Related Diseases
5. Other Functional Foods
5.1. Red Ginseng
5.2. Honey
5.3. Polyphenols
5.3.1. Bilberry Extract
5.3.2. Green Tea
5.3.3. Grape Polyphenols
5.4. Evening Primrose Oil
5.5. Glycerol Monolaurate
5.6. Combination Nutraceuticals
6. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Tavakoli, A.; Flanagan, J.L. The Case for a More Holistic Approach to Dry Eye Disease: Is It Time to Move beyond Antibiotics? Antibiotics 2019, 8, 88. https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics8030088
Tavakoli A, Flanagan JL. The Case for a More Holistic Approach to Dry Eye Disease: Is It Time to Move beyond Antibiotics? Antibiotics. 2019; 8(3):88. https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics8030088
Chicago/Turabian StyleTavakoli, Azadeh, and Judith Louise Flanagan. 2019. "The Case for a More Holistic Approach to Dry Eye Disease: Is It Time to Move beyond Antibiotics?" Antibiotics 8, no. 3: 88. https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics8030088