New Insights on the Conversion Reaction Mechanism in Metal Oxide Electrodes for Sodium-Ion Batteries
1
Instituto de Cerámica y Vidrio (CSIC), Kelsen 5, 28049 Madrid, Spain
2
Dpto. Ingeniería y Ciencia de los Materiales y del Transporte, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería, Universidad de Sevilla, Camino de los Descubrimientos, 41092 Sevilla, Spain
3
Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Sevilla (CSIC–Universidad de Sevilla), Avda. Américo Vespucio 49, 41092 Sevilla, Spain
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Academic Editors: Sonia Dsoke and Mario Marinaro
Nanomaterials 2021, 11(4), 966; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano11040966
Received: 1 March 2021
/
Revised: 25 March 2021
/
Accepted: 6 April 2021
/
Published: 9 April 2021
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Nanomaterials for Lithium-Ion/Post-Lithium-Ion Batteries and Supercapacitors)
Due to the abundance and low cost of exchanged metal, sodium-ion batteries have attracted increasing research attention for the massive energy storage associated with renewable energy sources. Nickel oxide (NiO) thin films have been prepared by magnetron sputtering (MS) deposition under an oblique angle configuration (OAD) and used as electrodes for Na-ion batteries. A systematic chemical, structural and electrochemical analysis of this electrode has been carried out. The electrochemical characterization by galvanostatic charge–discharge cycling and cyclic voltammetry has revealed a certain loss of performance after the initial cycling of the battery. The conversion reaction of NiO with sodium ions during the discharge process to generate sodium oxide and Ni metal has been confirmed by X-ray photoelectron spectra (XPS) and micro-Raman analysis. Likewise, it has been determined that the charging process is not totally reversible, causing a reduction in battery capacity.
View Full-Text
Keywords:
Na-ion batteries; anode; conversion reaction; magnetron sputtering; nickel oxide
▼
Show Figures
Graphical abstract
This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited
MDPI and ACS Style
Mosa, J.; García-García, F.J.; González-Elipe, A.R.; Aparicio, M. New Insights on the Conversion Reaction Mechanism in Metal Oxide Electrodes for Sodium-Ion Batteries. Nanomaterials 2021, 11, 966. https://doi.org/10.3390/nano11040966
AMA Style
Mosa J, García-García FJ, González-Elipe AR, Aparicio M. New Insights on the Conversion Reaction Mechanism in Metal Oxide Electrodes for Sodium-Ion Batteries. Nanomaterials. 2021; 11(4):966. https://doi.org/10.3390/nano11040966
Chicago/Turabian StyleMosa, Jadra, Francisco J. García-García, Agustín R. González-Elipe, and Mario Aparicio. 2021. "New Insights on the Conversion Reaction Mechanism in Metal Oxide Electrodes for Sodium-Ion Batteries" Nanomaterials 11, no. 4: 966. https://doi.org/10.3390/nano11040966
Find Other Styles
Note that from the first issue of 2016, MDPI journals use article numbers instead of page numbers. See further details here.
