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Volume 11
Issue 7
10.3390/membranes11070536
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Article

Anchoring Water Soluble Phosphotungstic Acid by Hybrid Fillers to Construct Three-Dimensional Proton Transport Networks

by
Shaojian He
1,
Zhongrui Lu
1,
Wenxu Dai
1,
Kangning Yang
1,
Yang Xue
2,*,
Xiaoyang Jia
1 and
Jun Lin
1,*
1
State Key Laboratory of Alternate Electrical Power System with Renewable Energy Sources, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, China
2
State Key Laboratory of Multi-Phase Complex Systems, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
*
Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Membranes 2021, 11(7), 536; https://doi.org/10.3390/membranes11070536
Submission received: 23 June 2021 / Revised: 9 July 2021 / Accepted: 14 July 2021 / Published: 15 July 2021
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Membranes in Electrochemistry Applications)
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Abstract

Phosphotungstic acid (HPW)-filled composite proton exchange membranes possess high proton conductivity under low relative humidity (RH). However, the leaching of HPW limits their wide application. Herein, we propose a novel approach for anchoring water soluble phosphotungstic acid (HPW) by polydopamine (PDA) coated graphene oxide and halloysite nanotubes (DGO and DHNTs) in order to construct hybrid three-dimensional proton transport networks in a sulfonated poly(ether ether ketone) (SPEEK) membrane. The introduction of PDA on the surfaces of the hybrid fillers could provide hydroxyl groups and secondary amine groups to anchor HPW, resulting in the uniform dispersion of HPW in the SPEEK matrix. The SPEEK/DGO/DHNTs/HPW (90/5/5/60) composite membrane exhibited higher water uptake and much better conductivity than the SPEEK membrane at low relative humidity. The best conductivity reached wass 0.062 S cm−1 for the composite membrane, which is quite stable during the water immersion test.
Keywords: proton transport network; low relative humidity; stable conductivity; polydopamine; graphene oxide; halloysite nanotube; phosphotungstic acid proton transport network; low relative humidity; stable conductivity; polydopamine; graphene oxide; halloysite nanotube; phosphotungstic acid

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MDPI and ACS Style

He, S.; Lu, Z.; Dai, W.; Yang, K.; Xue, Y.; Jia, X.; Lin, J. Anchoring Water Soluble Phosphotungstic Acid by Hybrid Fillers to Construct Three-Dimensional Proton Transport Networks. Membranes 2021, 11, 536. https://doi.org/10.3390/membranes11070536

AMA Style

He S, Lu Z, Dai W, Yang K, Xue Y, Jia X, Lin J. Anchoring Water Soluble Phosphotungstic Acid by Hybrid Fillers to Construct Three-Dimensional Proton Transport Networks. Membranes. 2021; 11(7):536. https://doi.org/10.3390/membranes11070536

Chicago/Turabian Style

He, Shaojian, Zhongrui Lu, Wenxu Dai, Kangning Yang, Yang Xue, Xiaoyang Jia, and Jun Lin. 2021. "Anchoring Water Soluble Phosphotungstic Acid by Hybrid Fillers to Construct Three-Dimensional Proton Transport Networks" Membranes 11, no. 7: 536. https://doi.org/10.3390/membranes11070536

APA Style

He, S., Lu, Z., Dai, W., Yang, K., Xue, Y., Jia, X., & Lin, J. (2021). Anchoring Water Soluble Phosphotungstic Acid by Hybrid Fillers to Construct Three-Dimensional Proton Transport Networks. Membranes, 11(7), 536. https://doi.org/10.3390/membranes11070536

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