National HPV Vaccination Program in Poland—Public Awareness, Sources of Knowledge, and Willingness to Vaccinate Children against HPV
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Design and Population
2.2. Measures
2.3. Statistics
3. Results
3.1. Public Awareness of the National HPV Vaccination Program
3.2. Sociodemographic Differences in the Public Awareness of the National HPV Vaccination Program
3.3. Sources of Knowledge on HPV Vaccination Program by Sociodemographic Variables
3.4. Factors Associated with Public Awareness of the National HPV Vaccination Program
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Variable | n | % |
---|---|---|
Gender | ||
Female | 562 | 53.2 |
Male | 494 | 46.8 |
Age [years] | ||
18–34 | 329 | 31.2 |
35–49 | 277 | 26.2 |
50–64 | 235 | 22.3 |
65+ | 215 | 20.4 |
Higher education | ||
Yes | 459 | 43.5 |
No | 597 | 56.5 |
Married | ||
Yes | 575 | 54.5 |
No | 481 | 45.5 |
Place of residence | ||
Rural area | 382 | 36.2 |
City <20,000 inhabitants | 137 | 13.0 |
City ≥20,000–99,999 inhabitants | 215 | 20.4 |
City ≥100,000–499,999 inhabitants | 186 | 17.6 |
City ≥500,000 inhabitants | 136 | 12.9 |
Having children | ||
Yes | 701 | 66.4 |
No | 355 | 33.6 |
Number of children | ||
0 | 242 | 22.9 |
1 | 459 | 43.5 |
2 or more | 355 | 33.6 |
Children <18 years in home | ||
Yes | 343 | 32.5 |
No | 713 | 67.5 |
Occupational activity | ||
Active | 617 | 58.4 |
Passive | 439 | 41.6 |
Financial status of the family | ||
Good | 210 | 19.9 |
Moderate | 379 | 35.9 |
Bad | 467 | 44.2 |
Variable | n | % |
---|---|---|
Have you ever heard about the free HPV vaccination program implemented as part of the National Cancer Strategy 2020–2030? | ||
Yes | 542 | 51.3 |
No | 514 | 48.7 |
Please indicate all sources from which you heard about the national HPV vaccination program? (n = 542) | ||
TV | 336 | 62.0 |
Radio | 111 | 20.5 |
Printed press/newspapers | 49 | 9.0 |
Doctor | 66 | 12.2 |
Nurse | 43 | 7.9 |
Poster/flyer in a medical facility | 63 | 11.6 |
Internet advertising | 111 | 20.5 |
Social media | 104 | 19.2 |
Information on the news portals | 125 | 23.1 |
Other source of knowledge | 24 | 4.4 |
Please indicate the HPV-vaccination-eligible population | ||
Only girls under 18 | 45 | 4.3 |
Girls and boys under 18 years of age | 160 | 15.2 |
Only girls aged 12 and 13 | 83 | 7.9 |
Girls and boys aged 12 and 13 | 337 | 31.9 |
I do not know | 431 | 40.8 |
Would you like to vaccinate your child against HPV? | ||
Definitely no | 68 | 6.4 |
Rather no | 78 | 7.4 |
Rather yes | 310 | 29.4 |
Definitely yes | 358 | 33.9 |
I do not know | 242 | 22.9 |
What do you think are HPV-related diseases? | ||
Cervical cancer | 635 | 60.1 |
Vaginal cancer | 545 | 51.6 |
Penile cancer | 445 | 42.1 |
Anal cancer | 357 | 33.8 |
Cancer of the mouth, throat or larynx | 341 | 32.3 |
Laryngeal papillomatosis | 355 | 33.6 |
Genital warts | 510 | 48.3 |
Variable | Have You Ever Heard About the National HPV Vaccination Program | Correctly Indicated HPV-Vaccination-Eligible Population | Willingness to Vaccinate Child Against HPV | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
n | % | p | n | % | p | n | % | p | |
Gender | |||||||||
Female | 312 | 55.5 | 0.004 | 189 | 33.6 | 0.2 | 349 | 62.1 | 0.4 |
Male | 230 | 46.6 | 148 | 30.0 | 319 | 64.6 | |||
Age [years] | |||||||||
18–34 | 139 | 42.2 | 0.001 | 66 | 20.1 | <0.001 | 178 | 54.1 | <0.001 |
35–49 | 156 | 56.3 | 98 | 35.4 | 166 | 59.9 | |||
50–64 | 130 | 55.3 | 86 | 36.6 | 153 | 65.1 | |||
65+ | 117 | 54.4 | 87 | 40.5 | 171 | 79.5 | |||
Higher education | |||||||||
Yes | 263 | 57.3 | <0.001 | 164 | 35.7 | 0.02 | 320 | 69.7 | <0.001 |
No | 279 | 46.7 | 173 | 29.0 | 348 | 58.3 | |||
Married | |||||||||
Yes | 307 | 53.4 | 0.1 | 201 | 35.0 | 0.02 | 375 | 65.2 | 0.1 |
No | 235 | 48.9 | 136 | 28.3 | 293 | 60.9 | |||
Place of residence | |||||||||
Rural area | 183 | 47.9 | 0.2 | 116 | 30.4 | 0.08 | 216 | 56.5 | 0.004 |
City <20,000 inhabitants | 71 | 51.8 | 36 | 26.3 | 90 | 65.7 | |||
City ≥20,000–99,999 inhabitants | 111 | 51.6 | 75 | 34.9 | 141 | 65.6 | |||
City ≥100,000–499,999 inhabitants | 95 | 51.1 | 55 | 29.6 | 120 | 64.5 | |||
City ≥500,000 inhabitants | 82 | 60.3 | 55 | 40.4 | 101 | 74.3 | |||
Having children | |||||||||
Yes | 381 | 54.4 | 0.01 | 242 | 34.5 | 0.01 | 455 | 64.9 | 0.1 |
Yo | 161 | 45.4 | 95 | 26.8 | 213 | 60.0 | |||
Number of children | |||||||||
0 | 161 | 45.4 | 0.01 | 95 | 26.8 | 0.02 | 213 | 60.0 | 0.3 |
1 | 124 | 51.2 | 78 | 35.7 | 160 | 66.1 | |||
2 or more | 257 | 56.0 | 164 | 35.7 | 295 | 64.3 | |||
Children <18 years in home | |||||||||
Yes | 184 | 53.6 | 0.3 | 97 | 28.3 | 0.08 | 186 | 54.2 | <0.001 |
No | 358 | 50.2 | 240 | 33.7 | 482 | 67.6 | |||
Occupational activity | |||||||||
Active | 306 | 49.6 | 0.2 | 178 | 28.8 | 0.01 | 375 | 60.8 | 0.04 |
Passive | 236 | 53.8 | 159 | 36.2 | 293 | 66.7 | |||
Financial status of the family | |||||||||
Good | 104 | 49.5 | 0.4 | 62 | 29.5 | 0.1 | 113 | 53.8 | 0.002 |
Moderate | 188 | 49.6 | 110 | 29.0 | 238 | 62.8 | |||
Bad | 250 | 53.5 | 165 | 35.3 | 317 | 67.9 |
Sources from Which Respondents Heard about the National HPV Vaccination Program | |||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Variable | TV | Radio | Doctor | Information on the News Portals | Social Media | ||||||||||
n | % | p | n | % | p | n | % | p | n | % | p | n | % | p | |
Gender | |||||||||||||||
Female | 192 | 61.5 | 0.8 | 55 | 17.6 | 0.06 | 42 | 13.5 | 0.3 | 67 | 21.5 | 0.3 | 57 | 18.3 | 0.5 |
Male | 144 | 62.6 | 56 | 24.3 | 24 | 10.4 | 58 | 25.2 | 47 | 20.4 | |||||
Age [years] | |||||||||||||||
18–34 | 64 | 46.0 | <0.001 | 23 | 16.5 | 0.3 | 26 | 18.7 | 0.02 | 21 | 15.1 | 0.01 | 26 | 18.7 | 0.8 |
35–49 | 92 | 59.0 | 38 | 24.4 | 17 | 10.9 | 34 | 21.8 | 27 | 17.3 | |||||
50–64 | 89 | 68.5 | 24 | 18.5 | 16 | 12.3 | 32 | 24.6 | 25 | 19.2 | |||||
65+ | 91 | 77.8 | 26 | 22.2 | 7 | 6.0 | 38 | 32.5 | 26 | 22.2 | |||||
Higher education | |||||||||||||||
Yes | 150 | 57.0 | 0.02 | 67 | 25.5 | 0.01 | 28 | 10.6 | 0.3 | 77 | 29.3 | <0.001 | 45 | 17.1 | 0.2 |
No | 186 | 66.7 | 44 | 15.8 | 38 | 13.6 | 48 | 17.2 | 59 | 21.1 | |||||
Married | |||||||||||||||
Yes | 197 | 64.2 | 0.2 | 75 | 24.4 | 0.01 | 36 | 11.7 | 0.7 | 77 | 25.1 | 0.2 | 62 | 20.2 | 0.5 |
No | 139 | 59.1 | 36 | 15.3 | 30 | 12.8 | 48 | 20.4 | 42 | 17.9 | |||||
Place of residence | |||||||||||||||
Rural area | 115 | 62.8 | 0.8 | 35 | 19.1 | 0.3 | 23 | 12.6 | 0.2 | 36 | 19.7 | 0.3 | 35 | 19.1 | 0.9 |
City <20,000 inhabitants | 48 | 67.6 | 15 | 21.1 | 3 | 4.2 | 12 | 16.9 | 13 | 18.3 | |||||
City ≥20,000–99,999 inhabitants | 68 | 61.3 | 26 | 23.4 | 15 | 13.5 | 29 | 26.1 | 19 | 17.1 | |||||
City ≥100,000–499,999 inhabitants | 56 | 58.9 | 24 | 25.3 | 16 | 16.8 | 25 | 26.3 | 22 | 23.2 | |||||
City ≥500,000 inhabitants | 49 | 59.8 | 11 | 13.4 | 9 | 11.0 | 23 | 28.0 | 15 | 18.3 | |||||
Having children | |||||||||||||||
Yes | 244 | 64.0 | 0.1 | 88 | 23.1 | 0.02 | 46 | 12.1 | 0.9 | 97 | 25.5 | 0.04 | 76 | 19.9 | 0.5 |
No | 92 | 57.1 | 23 | 14.3 | 20 | 12.4 | 28 | 17.4 | 28 | 17.4 | |||||
Number of children | |||||||||||||||
0 | 92 | 57.1 | 0.2 | 23 | 14.3 | 0.06 | 20 | 12.4 | 0.06 | 28 | 17.4 | 0.1 | 28 | 17.4 | 0.2 |
1 | 75 | 60.5 | 31 | 25.0 | 22 | 17.7 | 32 | 25.8 | 31 | 25.0 | |||||
2 or more | 169 | 65.8 | 57 | 22.2 | 24 | 9.3 | 65 | 25.3 | 45 | 17.5 | |||||
Children <18 years in home | |||||||||||||||
Yes | 94 | 51.1 | <0.001 | 39 | 21.2 | 0.8 | 30 | 16.3 | 0.04 | 44 | 23.9 | 0.7 | 36 | 19.6 | 0.9 |
No | 242 | 67.6 | 72 | 20.1 | 36 | 10.1 | 81 | 22.6 | 68 | 19.0 | |||||
Occupational activity | |||||||||||||||
Active | 175 | 57.2 | 0.01 | 71 | 23.2 | 0.07 | 41 | 13.4 | 0.3 | 69 | 22.5 | 0.7 | 64 | 20.9 | 0.2 |
Passive | 161 | 68.2 | 40 | 16.9 | 25 | 10.6 | 56 | 23.7 | 40 | 16.9 | |||||
Financial status of the family | |||||||||||||||
Good | 64 | 61.5 | 0.5 | 18 | 17.3 | 0.07 | 16 | 15.4 | 0.4 | 23 | 22.1 | 0.5 | 19 | 18.3 | 0.8 |
Moderate | 111 | 59.0 | 31 | 16.5 | 24 | 12.8 | 39 | 20.7 | 39 | 20.7 | |||||
Bad | 161 | 64.4 | 62 | 24.8 | 26 | 10.4 | 63 | 25.2 | 46 | 18.4 |
Factors Associated with Public Awareness of the National HPV Vaccination Program | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Variable | Have You Ever Heard about the National HPV Vaccination Program | Correctly Indicated HPV-Vaccination-Eligible Population (Girls and Boys Aged 12 and 13) | Willingness to Vaccinate Child against HPV | |||
Bivariable Logistic Regression | Multivariable Logistic Regression | Bivariable Logistic Regression | Multivariable Logistic Regression | Bivariable Logistic Regression | Multivariable Logistic Regression | |
OR (95% CI) | OR (95% CI) | OR (95% CI) | OR (95% CI) | OR (95% CI) | OR (95% CI) | |
Gender | ||||||
Female | 1.43 (1.12–1.83) ** | 1.42 (1.11–1.81) ** | 1.19 (0.91–1.54) | 0.90 (0.70–1.16) | ||
Male | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | ||
Age [years] | ||||||
18–34 | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference |
35–49 | 1.76 (1.28–2.43) *** | 1.61 (1.13–2.29) ** | 2.18 (1.51–3.14) *** | 2.22 (1.49–3.30) *** | 1.27 (0.92–1.75) | 1.36 (0.97–1.92) |
50–64 | 1.69 (1.21–2.37) ** | 1.51 (1.03–2.20) * | 2.30 (1.58–3.36) *** | 2.24 (1.46–3.43) *** | 1.58 (1.12–2.24) ** | 1.50 (1.04–2.15) * |
65+ | 1.63 (1.15–2.31) ** | 1.41 (0.95–2.10) | 2.71 (1.85–3.97) *** | 2.27 (1.39–3.71) *** | 3.30 (2.22–4.90) ** | 3.00 (1.90–4.76) *** |
Higher education | ||||||
Yes | 1.53 (1.20–1.95) *** | 1.43 (1.11–1.84) ** | 1.36 (1.05–1.77) * | 1.29 (0.98–1.70) | 1.65 (1.27–2.13) *** | 1.43 (1.09–1.88) * |
No | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference |
Married | ||||||
Yes | 1.20 (0.94–1.53) | 1.36 (1.05–1.77) * | 1.11 (0.80–1.53) | 1.20 (0.94–1.55) | ||
No | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | ||
Place of residence | ||||||
Rural area | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference |
City <20,000 inhabitants | 1.17 (0.79–1.73) | 1.17 (0.78–1.73) | 0.82 (0.53–1.27) | 0.82 (0.53–1.29) | 1.47 (0.98–2.21) | 1.46 (0.96–2.23) |
City ≥20,000–99,999 inhabitants | 1.16 (0.83–1.62) | 1.14 (0.81–1.60) | 1.23 (0.86–1.75) | 1.23 (0.86–1.78) | 1.46 (1.04–2.07) * | 1.42 (0.99–2.03) |
City ≥100,000–499,999 inhabitants | 1.14 (0.80–1.61) | 1.08 (0.75–1.54) | 0.96 (0.66–1.41) | 0.95 (0.64–1.41) | 1.40 (0.97–2.01) | 1.32 (0.91–1.93) |
City ≥500,000 inhabitants | 1.65 (1.11–2.46) ** | 1.51 (1.01–2.28) * | 1.56 (1.04–2.34) * | 1.49 (0.97–2.27) | 2.22 (1.44–3.42) *** | 1.80 (1.14–2.83) * |
Having children | ||||||
Yes | 1.44 (1.11–1.85) ** | 1.19 (0.88–1.62) | 1.44 (1.09–1.91) * | 0.91 (0.63–1.32) | 1.23 (0.95–1.60) | |
No | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | |
Children <18 years in home | ||||||
Yes | 1.15 (0.89–1.49) | 0.88 (0.59–1.04) | Reference | Reference | ||
No | Reference | Reference | 1.76 (1.35–2.29) *** | 1.39 (1.01–1.89) * | ||
Occupational activity | ||||||
Active | 0.85 (0.66–1.08) | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | |
Passive | Reference | 1.40 (1.08–1.82) * | 1.29 (0.93–1.80) | 1.30 (1.00–1.67) * | 0.95 (0.69–1.30) | |
Financial status of the family | ||||||
Good | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | ||
Moderate | 1.00 (0.72–1.41) | 0.98 (0.67–1.41) | 1.45 (1.03–2.04) * | 1.40 (0.98–2.00) | ||
Bad | 1.17 (0.85–1.63) | 1.30 (0.92–1.85) | 1.81 (1.30–2.53) *** | 1.75 (1.23–2.49) ** |
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Jankowski, M.; Grudziąż-Sękowska, J.; Wrześniewska-Wal, I.; Tyszko, P.; Sękowski, K.; Ostrowski, J.; Gujski, M.; Pinkas, J. National HPV Vaccination Program in Poland—Public Awareness, Sources of Knowledge, and Willingness to Vaccinate Children against HPV. Vaccines 2023, 11, 1371. https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines11081371
Jankowski M, Grudziąż-Sękowska J, Wrześniewska-Wal I, Tyszko P, Sękowski K, Ostrowski J, Gujski M, Pinkas J. National HPV Vaccination Program in Poland—Public Awareness, Sources of Knowledge, and Willingness to Vaccinate Children against HPV. Vaccines. 2023; 11(8):1371. https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines11081371
Chicago/Turabian StyleJankowski, Mateusz, Justyna Grudziąż-Sękowska, Iwona Wrześniewska-Wal, Piotr Tyszko, Kuba Sękowski, Janusz Ostrowski, Mariusz Gujski, and Jarosław Pinkas. 2023. "National HPV Vaccination Program in Poland—Public Awareness, Sources of Knowledge, and Willingness to Vaccinate Children against HPV" Vaccines 11, no. 8: 1371. https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines11081371
APA StyleJankowski, M., Grudziąż-Sękowska, J., Wrześniewska-Wal, I., Tyszko, P., Sękowski, K., Ostrowski, J., Gujski, M., & Pinkas, J. (2023). National HPV Vaccination Program in Poland—Public Awareness, Sources of Knowledge, and Willingness to Vaccinate Children against HPV. Vaccines, 11(8), 1371. https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines11081371