Increased Mild Vaccine-Related Side Effects and Higher Specific Antibody Titers in Health Care Workers with Previous SARS-CoV-2 Infection after the mRNA BNT162b2 Vaccine
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Design and Participants
2.2. Laboratory Test
2.3. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Overall Population
3.2. Number and Type of Solicited Side Effects in the Overall Population
3.3. Case–Control Analysis: Number and Type of Solicited Side Effects
3.4. Anti-SARS-CoV-2 RBD IgG Titer
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Overall (n = 1106) | Previous SARS-CoV-2 Infection | p | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
Yes (n = 83) | No (n = 1023) | |||
Median age | 42 (31–51) | 42 (31–51) | 40 (30–48) | 0.260 |
Males | 441 (39.8%) | 36 (43.4%) | 405 (39.6%) | 0.498 |
Smokers | 327 (29.6%) | 14 (16.9%) | 313 (30.6%) | 0.008 |
Comorbidities | ||||
Hypertension | 113 (10.2%) | 6 (7.2%) | 107 (10.6%) | 0.350 |
Cardiovascular disease | 12 (1.1%) | 0 (0%) | 12 (1.2%) | 0.321 |
Obesity | 21 (1.9%) | 1 (1.2%) | 20 (2.0%) | 0.630 |
Thyroid disorders | 110 (9.9%) | 6 (7.2%) | 104 (10.2%) | 0.390 |
Diabetes | 22 (2.0%) | 0 (0%) | 22 (2.1%) | 0.177 |
Neoplasm | 11 (1.0%) | 0 (0%) | 11 (1.1%) | 0.342 |
Asthma | 15 (1.4%) | 1 (1.2%) | 14 (1.4%) | 0.901 |
Other respiratory diseases | 14 (1.3%) | 2 (2.4%) | 12 (1.2%) | 0.332 |
Autoimmune disorders | 30 (2.7%) | 1 (1.2%) | 29 (2.8%) | 0.379 |
Dyslipidemia | 6 (0.5%) | 2 (2.4%) | 4 (0.4%) | 0.016 |
Anemia | 4 (0.4%) | 1 (1.2%) | 3 (0.3%) | 0.183 |
Other | 50 (4.5%) | 5 (6.0%) | 45 (4.4%) | 0.493 |
1st Vaccine Dose | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Overall (n = 1106) | Previous SARS-CoV-2 Infection | p | ||
Yes (n = 83) | No (n = 1023) | |||
Pain in site of injection | 704 (63.6%) | 63 (75.9%) | 641 (62.7%) | 0.016 |
Muscle or joint pain | 133 (12.0%) | 14 (16.9%) | 119 (11.6%) | 0.158 |
Weakness | 114 (10.3%) | 19 (22.9%) | 95 (9.3%) | <0.001 |
Fever | 34 (3.1%) | 8 (9.6%) | 26 (2.5%) | <0.001 |
Headache | 102 (9.2%) | 10 (12.0%) | 92 (9.0%) | 0.355 |
Diarrhea | 6 (0.5%) | 0 (0%) | 6 (0.6%) | 0.484 |
Nausea | 8 (0.8%) | 0 (0%) | 8 (0.8%) | 0.419 |
Dyspnea | 4 (0.4%) | 1 (1.2%) | 3 (0.3%) | 0.183 |
Skin rash | 2 (0.2%) | 0 (0%) | 2 (0.2%) | 0.687 |
Lymphadenopathy | 3 (0.3%) | 0 (0%) | 3 (0.3%) | 0.621 |
Paresthesia | 5 (0.5%) | 0 (0%) | 5 (0.5%) | 0.523 |
Others | 17 (1.5%) | 2 (2.4%) | 15 (1.5%) | 0.502 |
1st Vaccine Dose | 2nd Vaccine Dose | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Overall (n = 249) | Previous SARS-CoV-2 Infection | p | Overall (n = 239) | Previous SARS-CoV-2 Infection | p | |||
Yes (n = 83) | No (n = 166) | Yes (n = 82) | No (n = 157) | |||||
Pain in site of injection | 176 | 63 | 113 | 0.201 | 126 | 36 | 90 | 0.048 |
(70.7%) | (75.9%) | (68.1%) | (52.7%) | (43.9%) | (57.3%) | |||
Muscle or joint pain | 34 | 14 | 20 | 0.296 | 84 | 24 | 60 | 0.169 |
(13.7%) | (16.9%) | (12.0%) | (35.1%) | (29.3%) | (38.2%) | |||
Weakness | 30 | 19 | 11 | <0.001 | 87 | 30 | 57 | 0.966 |
(12.0%) | (22.9%) | (6.6%) | (34.4%) | (36.6%) | (36.3%) | |||
Fever | 13 | 8 | 5 | 0.027 | 65 | 18 | 47 | 0.188 |
(5.2%) | (9.6%) | (3.0%) | (27.2%) | (21.9%) | (29.9%) | |||
Headache | 20 | 10 | 10 | 0.099 | 42 | 15 | 27 | 0.833 |
(8.0%) | (12.0%) | (6.0%) | (17.6%) | (18.3%) | (17.2%) | |||
Diarrhea | 0 | 0 | 0 | / | 2 | 0 | 2 | 0.305 |
(0%) | (0%) | (0%) | (0.8%) | (0%) | (1.3%) | |||
Nausea | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0.479 | 8 | 2 | 6 | 0.573 |
(0.4%) | (0%) | (0.6%) | (3.3%) | (2.4%) | (3.8%) | |||
Dyspnea | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0.156 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 0.639 |
(0.4%) | (1.2%) | (0%) | (0.8%) | (1.2%) | (0.6%) | |||
Skin rash | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0.479 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0.166 |
(0.4%) | (0%) | (0.6%) | (0.4%) | (1.2%) | (0%) | |||
Lymphadeno-pathy | 0 | 0 | 0 | / | 4 | 1 | 3 | 0.692 |
(0%) | (0%) | (0%) | (1.7%) | (1.2%) | (1.9%) | |||
Paresthesia | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0.479 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 0.235 |
(0.4%) | (0%) | (0.6%) | (1.2%) | (2.4%) | (0.6%) | |||
Others | 4 | 2 | 2 | 0.476 | 17 | 3 | 14 | 0.133 |
(1.6%) | (2.4%) | (1.2%) | (7.1%) | (3.7%) | (8.9%) |
1st Vaccine Dose | 2nd Vaccine Dose | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Anti-SARS-CoV-2 RBD IgG (AU/mL) | Overall (%) n = 224 | Prior SARS-CoV-2 Infection | p | Anti-SARS-CoV-2 RBD IgG (AU/mL) | Overall (%) n = 197 | Prior SARS-CoV-2 Infection | p | ||
Yes (n = 62) | No (n = 162) | Yes (n = 46) | No (n = 151) | ||||||
Low (0–10) | 25 (11.2%) | 0 (0%) | 25 (15.4%) | <0.001 | Low (0–100) | 18 (9.1%) | 2 (4.3%) | 16 (10.6%) | 0.043 |
Inter- mediate (10–100) | 132 (58.9%) | 12 (19.4%) | 120 (74.1%) | Inter- mediate (100–2000) | 167 (84.8%) | 38 (82.6%) | 129 (85.4%) | ||
High (>100) | 67 (29.9%) | 50 (80.6%) | 17 (10.5%) | High (>2000) | 12 (6.1%) | 6 13.0%) | 6 (4.0%) |
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Ferrari, L.; Compagno, M.; Campogiani, L.; Teti, E.; Mulas, T.; Checchi, D.; Alessio, G.; Caldara, F.; Coppola, L.; De Simone, G.; Ceccarelli, L.; Spalliera, I.; Vitale, P.; Grelli, S.; Andreoni, M.; Sarmati, L.; Iannetta, M. Increased Mild Vaccine-Related Side Effects and Higher Specific Antibody Titers in Health Care Workers with Previous SARS-CoV-2 Infection after the mRNA BNT162b2 Vaccine. Vaccines 2022, 10, 1238. https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines10081238
Ferrari L, Compagno M, Campogiani L, Teti E, Mulas T, Checchi D, Alessio G, Caldara F, Coppola L, De Simone G, Ceccarelli L, Spalliera I, Vitale P, Grelli S, Andreoni M, Sarmati L, Iannetta M. Increased Mild Vaccine-Related Side Effects and Higher Specific Antibody Titers in Health Care Workers with Previous SARS-CoV-2 Infection after the mRNA BNT162b2 Vaccine. Vaccines. 2022; 10(8):1238. https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines10081238
Chicago/Turabian StyleFerrari, Ludovica, Mirko Compagno, Laura Campogiani, Elisabetta Teti, Tiziana Mulas, Davide Checchi, Grazia Alessio, Federica Caldara, Luigi Coppola, Giuseppe De Simone, Laura Ceccarelli, Ilaria Spalliera, Pietro Vitale, Sandro Grelli, Massimo Andreoni, Loredana Sarmati, and Marco Iannetta. 2022. "Increased Mild Vaccine-Related Side Effects and Higher Specific Antibody Titers in Health Care Workers with Previous SARS-CoV-2 Infection after the mRNA BNT162b2 Vaccine" Vaccines 10, no. 8: 1238. https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines10081238