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31 pages, 1876 KB  
Review
Global Trends, Inequalities, and Citation Dynamics in Burnout Research Among Healthcare Professionals: A Bibliometric Analysis (1987–2024)
by Elena Donisa, Solange Tamara Roșu, Vasile Eduard Roșu and Elena Mihaela Cărăușu
Healthcare 2026, 14(15), 2356; https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare14152356 (registering DOI) - 2 Aug 2026
Abstract
Background/Objectives: Burnout among healthcare professionals has emerged as a major occupational and organizational challenge with important implications for workforce sustainability, patient safety, and healthcare system performance. Although the scientific literature on burnout has expanded substantially, an integrated understanding of its global development, research [...] Read more.
Background/Objectives: Burnout among healthcare professionals has emerged as a major occupational and organizational challenge with important implications for workforce sustainability, patient safety, and healthcare system performance. Although the scientific literature on burnout has expanded substantially, an integrated understanding of its global development, research structure, and scientific impact remains limited. This study aimed to examine the evolution, thematic development, and citation dynamics of burnout research among healthcare professionals through an integrated bibliometric approach combining science mapping, multilevel citation modelling, and critical literature synthesis. Methods: A bibliometric analysis was conducted using publications indexed in the Web of Science Core Collection between 1987 and 2024. Science mapping techniques were applied using Bibliometrix and VOSviewer to evaluate publication trends, collaboration networks, thematic development, and citation patterns. In addition, a multilevel negative binomial regression model was used to identify publication characteristics associated with citation impact. Results: A total of 1232 publications were included in the analysis. Scientific production increased markedly after 2020, temporally coinciding with the COVID-19 pandemic and growing scientific interest in healthcare workforce wellbeing. Research output was concentrated in high-income countries, particularly the United States, China, the United Kingdom, Canada, and Australia. Physicians and nurses dominated the literature, while non-clinical healthcare workers remained underrepresented. The thematic analysis indicated an increasing emphasis on organizational and system-level determinants of burnout alongside the continued presence of individual-centered perspectives. The multilevel negative binomial model identified longer title length and a greater number of author-provided keywords as being associated with lower expected citation counts, whereas a greater number of Keywords Plus terms was associated with higher expected citation counts. Conclusions: Burnout research has evolved into a rapidly expanding and increasingly interdisciplinary field. However, important gaps persist regarding geographic representation, workforce diversity, methodological standardization, and organizational intervention research. Future studies should move beyond descriptive approaches and further evaluate organizational interventions and workforce-related strategies to strengthen the evidence base that may inform healthcare policy and organizational practice. Full article
(This article belongs to the Topic Lifestyle Medicine and Nursing Research)
12 pages, 235 KB  
Article
Factors Associated with Recommendation of Non-Routine Childhood Vaccines Among Healthcare Workers in Türkiye
by Asiye Burcu Kuş, Adnan Barutçu and Sena Kara Öncü
Vaccines 2026, 14(8), 670; https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines14080670 (registering DOI) - 2 Aug 2026
Abstract
Background: Healthcare workers play a critical role in parental vaccine decision-making and the uptake of non-routine childhood vaccines. This study aimed to evaluate healthcare workers’ knowledge, attitudes and behaviors regarding non-routine childhood vaccines, including rotavirus, meningococcal, human papillomavirus (HPV) and influenza vaccines. Methods: [...] Read more.
Background: Healthcare workers play a critical role in parental vaccine decision-making and the uptake of non-routine childhood vaccines. This study aimed to evaluate healthcare workers’ knowledge, attitudes and behaviors regarding non-routine childhood vaccines, including rotavirus, meningococcal, human papillomavirus (HPV) and influenza vaccines. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted between October 2025 and March 2026 among healthcare workers in Türkiye. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire and the Attitudes Towards Vaccine Scale (ATVS), distributed through convenience and snowball sampling methods. Results: A total of 345 healthcare workers participated in the study. Recommendation behaviors differed significantly according to vaccine type (p < 0.001). Rotavirus and meningococcal vaccines were more frequently recommended than HPV and influenza vaccines. Although influenza vaccine had the highest awareness rate, it demonstrated the lowest recommendation rate and the lowest support for inclusion in the national immunization schedule. Physicians had significantly higher knowledge levels and vaccination attitude scores than non-physician healthcare workers (p < 0.001). ATVS scores were positively correlated with recommendation behaviors (ρ = 0.35, p < 0.001) and self-vaccination tendency (ρ = 0.34, p < 0.001). In multivariable analyses, higher vaccination attitude scores independently predicted greater self-vaccination tendency (OR = 1.07, 95% CI: 1.04–1.11, p < 0.001). Cost was the most commonly reported barrier to vaccine implementation. Conclusions: Positive attitudes toward non-routine childhood vaccines among healthcare workers do not necessarily translate into consistent recommendation behaviors across all vaccine types. Strategies targeting healthcare worker education, equitable vaccine access and standardized vaccine counseling practices may improve uptake and recommendation of optional childhood vaccines in Türkiye. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Vaccines and Public Health)
16 pages, 748 KB  
Article
Unsustainable Working Conditions, Unsafe Care: Psychosocial Risks and the Pathways Linking Burnout to Patient Safety Culture
by Pilar Baylina and Carla Barros
Sustainability 2026, 18(15), 7784; https://doi.org/10.3390/su18157784 (registering DOI) - 1 Aug 2026
Abstract
Healthcare systems face increasing pressure from demographic, technological, and organizational changes that intensify psychosocial risks and threaten both healthcare workers’ well-being and patient safety. This study investigates whether burnout mediates the relationship between psychosocial risk factors and patient safety culture in healthcare settings. [...] Read more.
Healthcare systems face increasing pressure from demographic, technological, and organizational changes that intensify psychosocial risks and threaten both healthcare workers’ well-being and patient safety. This study investigates whether burnout mediates the relationship between psychosocial risk factors and patient safety culture in healthcare settings. A cross-sectional study was conducted with 220 Portuguese healthcare workers using three validated instruments: the Psychosocial Risks Scale (INSAT_ERPS), the Burnout Assessment Tool (BAT-23), and the Hospital Survey on Patient Safety Culture (HSOPSC). Descriptive statistics, Pearson correlations, and mediation analyses were performed using SPSS (version 31.0) and the PROCESS (version 5) macro. Results showed a moderately strong positive association between psychosocial risks and burnout, and a significant negative association between burnout and patient safety culture. Psychosocial risks were not directly associated with patient safety culture. However, burnout indirectly mediated this relationship, indicating that adverse working conditions impair safety perceptions through their impact on psychological strain. These findings highlight burnout as a significant key mediator linking unsustainable working conditions to unsafe care, showing the relevance of the psychosocial environment. Targeted interventions to reduce psychosocial risks are thus fundamental to improving patient safety culture and promoting the sustainable functioning of healthcare systems. Full article
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19 pages, 961 KB  
Article
Self-Perceived Individual Health Responsibility Among Healthcare Workers: Associated Factors and Relationship with Preventive Behaviors—A Cross-Sectional Study
by Ocxana Maria Țocan, Larisa Pinte, Alexandru Marian Constantin, Cristian Băicuș, Anna Schneider-Kamp and Marina Ruxandra Oțelea
Healthcare 2026, 14(15), 2330; https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare14152330 (registering DOI) - 1 Aug 2026
Abstract
Background/Objectives: Empowerment strategies promoting healthy behaviors are important for preventing chronic diseases and cancer, while individual health responsibility (IHR) plays a significant role. Although widely discussed in the literature, the concept of IHR does not have clearly defined domains or a validated instrument [...] Read more.
Background/Objectives: Empowerment strategies promoting healthy behaviors are important for preventing chronic diseases and cancer, while individual health responsibility (IHR) plays a significant role. Although widely discussed in the literature, the concept of IHR does not have clearly defined domains or a validated instrument for assessment. Its overlap with locus of control theory, self-motivation, and personality type creates further difficulties. Meanwhile, perception of one’s own responsibility for health is an intuitive, simple item to answer, reflecting a person’s belief related to this topic. Moreover, for ethical reasons, this concept cannot be separated from personal beliefs and should not be adjusted according to strict scales and externally imposed definitions. Therefore, this study aimed to: (1) explore whether there is an association between self-perception of IHR and preventive/risk-taking behaviors; and (2) examine socio-demographic factors associated with the IHR score and three self-perceived characteristics, namely self-perceived locus of control, health literacy, and health status. Methods: A cross-sectional study with 968 healthcare workers was conducted in a large, multidisciplinary hospital covering several behaviors (smoking, alcohol consumption, diet, and participation in a screening program for hepatitis C). IHR was evaluated on a scale from 1 to 10, where 1 meant “to very little extent” and 10 meant “to a great extent”. Results: The average IHR score was 8.80 (SD = 1.88). In the univariate analysis, the IHR score was significantly related to gender, age, education, marital status, and all three personal characteristics. In the multivariate analysis, the socio-demographic associations lost statistical significance. IHR maintained its association with the healthy diet score in the multivariable model (B = 0.113, p = 0.036). In the unadjusted analyses, the distribution of IHR differed between participants who declared alcohol consumption and those who declared abstinence (χ2 = 17.157, p = 0.002). However, this association was not retained in the multivariable model. Self-perceived internal locus of control was negatively associated with screening acceptance, but not with IHR. The OR of 0.927 refers to a one-point increase on the 1–10 scale. Across the full observed scale range, this corresponds to an OR of 0.51 (95% CI: 0.29–0.89), indicating lower odds of screening acceptance among participants with higher perceived internal control. Because this estimate assumes linearity across the entire scale, it should be interpreted cautiously. Conclusions: The gap between perceived responsibility and actual behavior suggests that IHR messaging alone is unlikely to be sufficient. Future research should consider social desirability and external locus of control when analyzing IHR and health behaviors. Full article
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21 pages, 5921 KB  
Systematic Review
Workplace Mental Health Programs for Healthcare Workers: A Systematic Review
by Jimmy Jacob, Priyanka Malaiyappan, Vettrivel Arul, Taranjot Kaur, Shanthini Vijayaraman, Greety Antony, Kaviya Ramesh, Maria R. Dasari and Balasankar Ganesan
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2026, 23(8), 1002; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph23081002 - 30 Jul 2026
Viewed by 228
Abstract
Burnout and psychological distress among healthcare workers (HCWs) have become a major workforce challenge, raising an important question: should responsibility for worker wellbeing rest primarily with individuals or with the organization of work itself? This systematic review evaluated workplace mental health programs for [...] Read more.
Burnout and psychological distress among healthcare workers (HCWs) have become a major workforce challenge, raising an important question: should responsibility for worker wellbeing rest primarily with individuals or with the organization of work itself? This systematic review evaluated workplace mental health programs for HCWs, comparing individual-level psychological interventions with organizational-level approaches. Following PRISMA 2020 guidelines, 54 studies (2016–2026) from more than 18 countries were identified from approximately 7144 records through a PubMed/MEDLINE search. The included studies comprised 29 individually randomized controlled trials (RCTs), 11 cluster-randomized or stepped-wedge trials, and 14 additional non-randomized or contextual studies. ROBINS-I was applied only to the five eligible non-randomized intervention studies—the remaining non-randomized studies contributed contextual evidence and were not included in the ROBINS-I assessment. Here, 41 studies contributed effectiveness evidence, of which 34 (83%) reported a statistically significant improvement in at least 1 primary or key outcome, while 13 studies provided contextual, feasibility, or implementation evidence. Individual-level interventions dominated the evidence base (39/54; 72%). In contrast, organizational interventions were less frequently evaluated, rarely randomized, and showed mixed findings. Observational studies consistently identified workload, organizational trust, and other structural stressors as factors associated with burnout, although causal inferences remain limited. Risk of bias was substantial, with only 7 of 40 randomized trials (17.5%) rated as low risk. All five non-randomized intervention studies assessed using ROBINS-I were judged to have serious risk of bias. Overall, individual-level interventions were evaluated more frequently than organizational interventions and generally reported improvements in mental health outcomes. However, the evidence base was limited by the single-database search, variability in study quality, and methodological limitations. Further well-designed and adequately powered studies, particularly of organizational interventions, are needed to strengthen the evidence base. Full article
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13 pages, 1632 KB  
Article
Association Between Morning Serum Cortisol and Burnout Syndrome in Healthcare Workers in Boyacá, Colombia: A Cross-Sectional Study
by Juan Pablo Carvajal and Fred Gustavo Manrique-Abril
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2026, 23(8), 995; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph23080995 - 29 Jul 2026
Viewed by 278
Abstract
The present study evaluated the association between morning serum cortisol levels and burnout syndrome among healthcare workers in the department of Boyacá, Colombia. An observational, analytical, cross-sectional, and quantitative study was conducted on 69 employees. Total serum cortisol was measured via chemiluminescence in [...] Read more.
The present study evaluated the association between morning serum cortisol levels and burnout syndrome among healthcare workers in the department of Boyacá, Colombia. An observational, analytical, cross-sectional, and quantitative study was conducted on 69 employees. Total serum cortisol was measured via chemiluminescence in fasting morning samples (reference: 110–692 nmol/L). Burnout was assessed using the Maslach Burnout Inventory–General Survey (MBI-GS). A total of 96.6% of participants fell within the normal range for serum cortisol. MBI-GS dimensions reported mean scores of: exhaustion 1.54 ± 1.17, cynicism 0.93 ± 0.89, and professional efficacy 5.60 ± 0.60. High exhaustion prevalence was 16.9%, high cynicism 6.8%, and low efficacy 3.4%. Profile classification showed 67.8% “engaged,” 13.6% “overextended/worn-out,” and 5.1% with “burnout.” No significant association was found between cortisol and burnout dimensions: exhaustion (r = 0.069, p = 0.605), cynicism (r = −0.135, p = 0.309), and professional efficacy (r = 0.044, p = 0.742). Mean cortisol comparisons between high and low dimension groups showed no statistically significant differences (p > 0.05). The study documented a low prevalence of established burnout and an absence of significant association between morning serum cortisol and MBI-GS dimensions, suggesting a relatively healthy work environment; however, the prevalence of high emotional exhaustion warrants preventive interventions. Multilevel organizational strategies like workload management, job stability, role clarity, and psychosocial support are recommended for worker mental health protection. Full article
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9 pages, 1840 KB  
Brief Report
Skin Cancer Recognition and Education Among Community Health Workers in Southern New Mexico
by Simran D. Bhakta, Tyler S. Peters, Alessandra Merenna and Debra E. Bramblett
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2026, 23(8), 994; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph23080994 - 29 Jul 2026
Viewed by 158
Abstract
NM averages 450 new cases of melanoma annually. Promotoras are community health workers in NM that provide health education and resources to the community. The project aims to determine if promotora education can improve the recognition of suspicious lesions, encouraging community members to [...] Read more.
NM averages 450 new cases of melanoma annually. Promotoras are community health workers in NM that provide health education and resources to the community. The project aims to determine if promotora education can improve the recognition of suspicious lesions, encouraging community members to seek care. Current literature focuses on the self-reported confidence of CHWs in recognizing skin cancer. A total of 54 promotoras were sampled through a Qualtrics quiz asking whether skin lesion photos are suspicious. Participants were also asked to rate their confidence in recognizing a suspicious skin lesion and comfort in addressing it from 1 to 5. Participants then read an educational flyer about the “ABCDEs” of melanoma before repeating the quiz/ratings. Wilcoxon signed-rank testing revealed significant increases in quiz scores (W = 220.5, p = 0.045), confidence (W = 44.0, p < 0.001), and comfort (W = 8.5, p < 0.001). Promotoras could be an additional line of defense against melanoma, helping save lives. Healthcare personnel with limited skin lesion knowledge could be an ideal future population for education. Full article
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30 pages, 6921 KB  
Article
Management of Endometriosis in the Workplaces: Preliminary Results from a Cross-Sectional Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices Study (Italy, 2026)
by Matteo Riccò, Marco Bottazzoli, Sara Scilli and Nicola Magnavita
Healthcare 2026, 14(15), 2299; https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare14152299 - 29 Jul 2026
Viewed by 251
Abstract
Background: Endometriosis is a chronic condition affecting a substantial proportion of women of reproductive age and leading to impaired quality of life. Despite its potential occupational implications, evidence on how occupational physicians (OPs) manage workers affected by endometriosis remains scarce. This study aimed [...] Read more.
Background: Endometriosis is a chronic condition affecting a substantial proportion of women of reproductive age and leading to impaired quality of life. Despite its potential occupational implications, evidence on how occupational physicians (OPs) manage workers affected by endometriosis remains scarce. This study aimed to assess the knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) regarding endometriosis among Italian OPs. Methods: A cross-sectional web-based survey was conducted between 1 and 18 April 2026 by recruiting a convenience sample of 155 occupational physicians. The questionnaire was specifically designed and investigated knowledge status, risk perception, perceived barriers to workplace management, and previous experience of participating professionals. Results: Most respondents considered themselves adequately informed about endometriosis (78.1%) and reported previous professional experience with affected workers (81.3%). Knowledge gaps were identified, particularly regarding disease prevalence (26.5% correct responses), familial predisposition (34.8%), and diagnostic pathways (31.6%). Overall, 65.8% of participants reported having previously issued conditioned fitness-for-work appraisals, most frequently recommending increased work breaks, avoidance of night shifts, or limitations on shift work. In multivariable analysis, male gender (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 5.69, 95% confidence interval [95% CI] 1.84–17.58), participation in continuing medical education activities (aOR 85.72, 95% CI 6.60–1114.21), information obtained from colleagues (aOR 4.67, 95% CI 1.23–17.77), and employment in healthcare settings (aOR 5.91, 95% CI 1.92–18.16) were independently associated with having previously issued restricted fitness-for-work judgments, whereas relying exclusively on undergraduate medical education was negatively associated with this outcome (aOR 0.07, 95% CI 0.01–0.39). Conclusions: Among the sampled Italian OPs, endometriosis was recognized as a clinically relevant condition frequently encountered in daily practice. Continuous professional education, interdisciplinary exchange, and practical experience were more strongly associated with occupational decision-making than undergraduate training alone. These findings support the development of targeted educational interventions and shared occupational recommendations aimed at improving workplace management and promoting the inclusion and retention of women affected by endometriosis in the workforce. Full article
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9 pages, 226 KB  
Viewpoint
Expanding the Frontiers of Tuberculosis Prevention: Moving from Targeted Preventive Therapy to Integrated Public Health Strategies
by Kannamkottapilly Chandrasekharan Prajitha, Anam Anil Alwani and Pruthu Thekkur
Trop. Med. Infect. Dis. 2026, 11(8), 214; https://doi.org/10.3390/tropicalmed11080214 - 29 Jul 2026
Viewed by 179
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) remains a leading cause of infectious disease-related mortality worldwide despite major advances in diagnostics, treatment, and programmatic control. Achieving the goals of the World Health Organization End TB Strategy requires a greater emphasis on prevention alongside improvements in diagnosis and treatment. [...] Read more.
Tuberculosis (TB) remains a leading cause of infectious disease-related mortality worldwide despite major advances in diagnostics, treatment, and programmatic control. Achieving the goals of the World Health Organization End TB Strategy requires a greater emphasis on prevention alongside improvements in diagnosis and treatment. This viewpoint examines evolving priorities in TB prevention and highlights key insights from studies included in the Special Issue ‘New Perspectives in Tuberculosis Prevention and Control’. The articles published in the Special Issue highlight the importance of identifying populations at increased risk of infection, disease transmission, and disease progression; strengthening the implementation of tuberculosis preventive treatment among household contacts and people living with HIV; and addressing the behavioral, social, and structural determinants that influence access to TB prevention and care. They also demonstrate persistent challenges related to medicine availability, healthcare worker capacity, patient initiation and follow-up, program monitoring, and the implementation of preventive interventions in resource-constrained settings. Emerging developments in diagnostics, biomarkers, vaccines, and digital health may contribute to the longer-term TB prevention agenda but require further evaluation of their feasibility, affordability, and programmatic relevance. Collectively, the evidence indicates that effective TB prevention extends beyond individual biomedical interventions and requires coordinated approaches involving healthcare systems, communities, surveillance systems, and social support mechanisms. Continued investment in implementation research, health-system strengthening, program management, economic evaluation, and multisectoral action will be critical to translate existing evidence into sustainable, equitable, and context-specific strategies for reducing the global burden of TB. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Perspectives in Tuberculosis Prevention and Control)
24 pages, 2329 KB  
Systematic Review
Mapping the Global Landscape of Vaccine Acceptance Among the General Population from 2009 to 2024: A Systematic Review Across COVID-19 Pandemic Phases, Vaccine Categories, and Economic Strata
by Madan Khatiwada, Yu-Tan Chen, Carine Dochez and Peter Delputte
Vaccines 2026, 14(8), 663; https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines14080663 - 29 Jul 2026
Viewed by 220
Abstract
Background: Vaccine acceptance is a fundamental prerequisite for uptake, which may vary over time in response to contextual and vaccine-specific factors and major global disruption. This systematic review and meta-analysis evaluated global trends and determinants of vaccine acceptance between 2009 and 2024. [...] Read more.
Background: Vaccine acceptance is a fundamental prerequisite for uptake, which may vary over time in response to contextual and vaccine-specific factors and major global disruption. This systematic review and meta-analysis evaluated global trends and determinants of vaccine acceptance between 2009 and 2024. Methods: A comprehensive literature search was conducted using pre-defined keywords and controlled vocabulary related to vaccination, vaccine acceptance or hesitancy, with a broad search strategy designed to capture global evidence across multiple vaccine categories and geographic settings. Studies restricted to high-risk groups or other specific sub-populations (e.g., healthcare workers) were excluded. Studies reporting vaccine acceptance outcomes were systematically identified and pooled estimates were calculated across vaccine categories, WHO regions, income groups, and pandemic periods. Temporal trends and interaction effects were assessed to evaluate changes in vaccine acceptance among different vaccines and before, during, and after the COVID-19 pandemic. Results: A total of 264 publications, including 650,772 participants from 97 countries, were included. Overall, pooled vaccine acceptance was 70.63% and remained relatively stable throughout the study period. Most studies originated from high-income countries, whereas low-income countries and the African region were underrepresented. Childhood vaccines demonstrated the highest pooled acceptance (80.26%), followed by HPV vaccines (66.48%), while influenza vaccines showed the lowest acceptance (52.00%). Childhood vaccine acceptance increased over time and during the COVID-19 period, whereas significant negative interaction trends were observed for HPV and influenza vaccines. Higher vaccine acceptance was observed in African and South-East Asian regions compared with Western Pacific and European regions. Acceptance also varied across income groups, with greater hesitancy generally observed in higher-income settings. Conclusions: Vaccine acceptance among the general population remained relatively stable globally between 2009 and 2024 but varied substantially by vaccine categories, geographic regions, and economic settings. These findings highlight the context-specific nature of vaccine acceptance and the need for harmonized measurement tools and stronger evidence from underrepresented regions to support equitable immunization strategies. Full article
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22 pages, 4121 KB  
Article
Psychological Health Risk Factors Among Healthcare Workers: A Structural Equation Modeling Approach
by Zemiao Zhang, Yanna Li, Baoxiang Song, Kui Wang and Feng Hu
Healthcare 2026, 14(15), 2280; https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare14152280 - 27 Jul 2026
Viewed by 250
Abstract
Background: The psychological health of healthcare workers is a critical global public health concern. Identifying associated risk factors and their interrelationships is key to informing the development of effective interventions. This study aimed to construct a risk factor model for psychological health among [...] Read more.
Background: The psychological health of healthcare workers is a critical global public health concern. Identifying associated risk factors and their interrelationships is key to informing the development of effective interventions. This study aimed to construct a risk factor model for psychological health among healthcare workers and to examine the strength and patterns of associations between various factors and psychological health outcomes using structural equation modeling. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 930 healthcare professionals. Structural equation modelling (SEM) was used to test the theoretical hypotheses, with bootstrapping used for path significance and multiple indicators multiple causes (MIMIC) models used for robustness validation. Results: The social environment and job demand risks were greater than the negative events and psychological adjustment risks. The final model explained 62.2% of the variance in psychological health. The social environment and organizational management functioned as distal risk factors, exerting indirect effects. Job demands, negative events, and job resource risks were associated with psychological health through psychological adjustment. Most of the hypothesized direct associations with the outcomes–burnout, anxiety, depression, suicidal ideation, and turnover intentions—were significant, except for the direct effects of job resource risk on anxiety and job demand/resource risk on suicidal ideation. MIMIC analysis confirmed the stability of the model. Conclusions: The proposed model clarifies how multilevel risk factors interact to affect healthcare workers’ psychological health. The findings support the development of comprehensive, prioritized interventions, including strengthened legal protections, dynamic staffing schemes in high-pressure departments, and routine psychological resilience training for staff. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Healthcare Organizations, Systems, and Providers)
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12 pages, 437 KB  
Article
Self-Reported History of Herpes Zoster and Awareness of Zoster Vaccination Among Healthcare Workers: A Multicenter Cross-Sectional Study
by Uğur Ergün, Selma Tosun, Ayşegül Seremet Keskin, Ebru Demiray Gürbüz, İrem Çiftci, Sinem Ayaz, İrem Aşkın Yılmaz, Şenol Çomoğlu, Işıl Deniz Alıravcı, Funda Şahin, Ahmet Şahin, Vahibe Aydın Sarıkaya, Özlem Türkmen Recen, Derya Seyman, Zeynep Türe Yüce, Beyza Arpacı Saylar, Emre Bayhan, Alev Çetin Duran, Ayşın Zeytinoğlu, Müge Toygar Deniz, Fatma Mutlu Sarıgüzel, Sevil Öztaş, Emine Çelik Tellioğlu, Ömür Mustafa Parkan, Zafer Adıgüzel, Rasih Felek, Ayşe İnci, Hasan Bozdağ, Şebnem Çalık, Ayşe Deniz Yüksel, Nagehan Didem Sarı, Rasih İmran Tan, İlyas Dökmetaş, Fatma Yılmaz Karadağ, Derya Öztürk Engin and Selçuk Kayaadd Show full author list remove Hide full author list
Vaccines 2026, 14(8), 650; https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines14080650 - 24 Jul 2026
Viewed by 267
Abstract
Objective: Varicella zoster virus (VZV), a member of the Herpesviridae family, is known as the causative agent of chickenpox (varicella). Following primary infection, VZV can remain latent for life and may reactivate over time to cause herpes zoster (shingles). Advanced age, immunodeficiency, and [...] Read more.
Objective: Varicella zoster virus (VZV), a member of the Herpesviridae family, is known as the causative agent of chickenpox (varicella). Following primary infection, VZV can remain latent for life and may reactivate over time to cause herpes zoster (shingles). Advanced age, immunodeficiency, and certain chronic illnesses are major risk factors for the development of herpes zoster. To prevent herpes zoster, a live zoster vaccine was licensed in 2006, followed by a recombinant zoster vaccine with higher efficacy in 2018. In Türkiye, the recombinant zoster vaccine was licensed in 2024. Raising awareness among healthcare workers is important both for their own health and the safety of vulnerable patients. This study aimed to evaluate healthcare workers’ knowledge and awareness of herpes zoster infection and zoster vaccines across the country, as well as to determine the prevalence of prior herpes zoster infection among them. Methods: After obtaining ethical approval, a nationwide multicenter survey was conducted. A questionnaire was distributed to healthcare workers via an online link. Participation was entirely voluntary. The survey collected demographic information (age, sex, profession, years of experience) and included questions on knowledge of herpes zoster, history of zoster infection, symptoms and severity (if applicable), awareness of the zoster vaccine, and vaccination attitudes. Results: A total of 5180 healthcare workers participated, of whom 3505 were female. The participants ranged in age from 18 to 79 years (mean age: 34.24 ± 11.52). Regarding professions: 47.9% were physicians, 21.3% were nurses or midwives, 0.8% were dentists or dental technicians, and 30% were from other healthcare professions. Among participants, 54.4% had ≤10 years of professional experience, 20% had comorbidities, and 10.5% were using immunosuppressive medications. It was found that 9.6% had previously had herpes zoster, 8.8% had no knowledge of the disease, 39.6% were aware of the vaccine, and 20.1% were unwilling to pay for vaccination. Multivariate binary logistic regression analysis revealed that being a physician significantly increased the likelihood of having correct knowledge by 1.961 times compared to other professions (p < 0.001, CI: 1.608–2.392). Similarly, those who had heard of herpes zoster were 3.191 times more likely to answer correctly than those who had not (p = 0.011, CI: 1.650–6.172). Male gender was significantly associated with a lower likelihood of having accurate knowledge compared to females (p = 0.001, OR = 0.720, CI: 0.594–0.874). Conclusions: This study revealed that healthcare workers’ knowledge and awareness regarding herpes zoster and its vaccines are generally insufficient. The recent licensing of the vaccine in Türkiye may explain this, but it is critical for healthcare professionals to be more informed about risk groups and vaccination indications in order to enhance the effectiveness of preventive healthcare services. Given the potential for serious complications of herpes zoster in elderly and immunocompromised individuals, the importance of vaccination should be emphasized more strongly to healthcare workers. Furthermore, the finding that 20.1% of those aware of the vaccine were deterred by its cost highlights the need to improve vaccine accessibility. Economic barriers preventing healthcare workers from being vaccinated emphasize the importance of making the vaccine widely available through public support to protect both healthcare workers and patient safety. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Vaccines and Public Health)
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10 pages, 659 KB  
Article
QuantiFERON-TB Gold Plus Conversion Among Healthcare Workers: A Retrospective Cohort Study on Occupational and Metabolic Factors
by Stefano Barnabei, Giuseppina Somma, Stella Andreadi, Andrea Magrini, Emiliano Santacroce, Cristiana Ferrari, Lorenzo Ippoliti and Luca Coppeta
Healthcare 2026, 14(14), 2221; https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare14142221 - 22 Jul 2026
Viewed by 293
Abstract
Background: Healthcare workers (HCWs) remain at risk of occupational exposure to Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Although workplace-related risk factors have been extensively investigated, the contribution of host metabolic factors to tuberculosis infection (TBI) susceptibility remains poorly understood. This study evaluated QuantiFERON-TB Gold Plus (QFT-Plus) [...] Read more.
Background: Healthcare workers (HCWs) remain at risk of occupational exposure to Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Although workplace-related risk factors have been extensively investigated, the contribution of host metabolic factors to tuberculosis infection (TBI) susceptibility remains poorly understood. This study evaluated QuantiFERON-TB Gold Plus (QFT-Plus) conversion and its association with demographic, occupational, and metabolic risk factors. Methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted among 3309 HCWs undergoing annual routine occupational health surveillance at Policlinico Tor Vergata in Rome (Italy) from 2017 to 2025. Data included age, sex, job category, night-shift work, departmental risk level, and biochemical parameters (lipid profile, blood glucose, and vitamin D levels). Associations with QFT-Plus conversion were assessed using univariate analyses, binary logistic regression, and multivariate Cox regression models. Results: During follow-up, 87 participants (2.6%) experienced QFT-Plus conversion. In univariate analysis, age ≥ 40 years (3.98% vs. 1.50%; p < 0.001) and hypercholesterolemia (3.8% vs. 2.1%; p = 0.004) were significantly associated with conversion. However, neither variable remained statistically significant in multivariate analyses (age: p = 0.734; hypercholesterolemia: p = 0.834). Occupational factors, including job category, night-shift work, and assignment to high-risk departments, were not significantly associated with QFT-Plus conversion. Likewise, hyperglycemia and vitamin D deficiency showed no significant associations. Conclusions: QFT-Plus conversion incidence was low, supporting the effectiveness of current hospital infection control measures in this low-incidence setting. No demographic, occupational, or metabolic factor emerged as an independent predictor of conversion. These findings should be interpreted considering the limited number of conversion events and the multifactorial nature of TBI susceptibility. Full article
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19 pages, 304 KB  
Article
Occupational Stress, Coping Strategies, and Resilience Among Health and Social Care Professionals Working with Children and Families in Greece: A Cross-Sectional Study
by Dimitrios Mimarakis, Philippa Kolokotroni, Eleni Plevriti, Maria Moudatsou and Sofia Koukouli
Healthcare 2026, 14(14), 2184; https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare14142184 - 20 Jul 2026
Viewed by 794
Abstract
Context: Child-focused healthcare professionals serve as primary providers of both physical and psychosocial care to pediatric patients and their families. Consequently, they are exposed to substantial occupational and emotional challenges in the course of their practice. Objectives: This study examined the levels and [...] Read more.
Context: Child-focused healthcare professionals serve as primary providers of both physical and psychosocial care to pediatric patients and their families. Consequently, they are exposed to substantial occupational and emotional challenges in the course of their practice. Objectives: This study examined the levels and multidimensional aspects of occupational stress, coping strategies, and resilience among healthcare professionals providing care to pediatric patients and their families in Greece. Methods: Socio-demographic characteristics, perceived occupational stress, coping strategies (WCQ), and resilience were assessed in a sample of 202 child-focused healthcare (physicians and nurses) and social care professionals (social workers, psychologists, and special education professionals) employed across a range of health and psychosocial services in Greece. Multiple linear regression analyses using the enter method were performed to examine the associations among resilience, occupational stress, and coping strategies while controlling for relevant demographic and occupational variables. Results: Social support was significantly associated with gender. Positive coping was associated with age, work experience, and the WCQ subscales Social Support, Daydreaming, and Avoidance. Avoidance coping was positively associated with profession and Daydreaming. Significant differences were also observed according to age, occupational stress, positive coping, social support, and resilience. Hierarchical multiple regression analysis demonstrated that, positive coping was independently and most strongly associated with resilience (p < 0.001), whereas work stress was independently and negatively associated with resilience (p = 0.001), with higher perceived stress corresponding to lower levels of resilience. Conclusions: The findings highlight the central role of positive coping in relation to resilience among child-focused healthcare professionals, while demonstrating the negative association between occupational stress and resilience. These results underscore the need for interventions that strengthen effective coping strategies, reduce work-related stress, and enhance resilience among healthcare professionals. They also identify important knowledge gaps and support the need for future research examining occupational stress, its long-term consequences, and the coping mechanisms and resilience among professionals working with children and families. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Psychosocial Aspects of Childhood and Adolescent Health)
14 pages, 235 KB  
Article
Workforce Wellbeing and Future Pandemic Preparedness in Emergency Departments: Lessons Learned While Caring for Persons Experiencing Homelessness During COVID-19
by Salima Bano Virani, Natalie Weiser, Melissa McGowan and Daniela Bellicoso
Healthcare 2026, 14(14), 2172; https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare14142172 - 18 Jul 2026
Viewed by 564
Abstract
Background/Objective: Research has indicated that providing care during the COVID-19 pandemic negatively impacted healthcare providers’ wellbeing and burnout. Much of the literature has focused on emergency department (ED) physicians and nurses, including the distinct challenges they faced caring for persons experiencing homelessness [...] Read more.
Background/Objective: Research has indicated that providing care during the COVID-19 pandemic negatively impacted healthcare providers’ wellbeing and burnout. Much of the literature has focused on emergency department (ED) physicians and nurses, including the distinct challenges they faced caring for persons experiencing homelessness (PEH), including addressing unmet basic needs, limited discharge options, and disruptions to community-based health and social services during the pandemic. Comparatively little research has examined the experiences of other multidisciplinary team members caring for PEH. This study explored the shared experiences of multidisciplinary ED staff caring for PEH during the COVID-19 pandemic to inform workforce planning and future pandemic preparedness. Methods: Using inductive qualitative analysis, we examined self-reported experience, mental health impacts and solutions for workforce planning and pandemic preparedness of multidisciplinary ED staff caring for PEH. Three virtual focus group discussions involving 12 multidisciplinary ED staff (registered nurses, clerical staff, security staff, community support workers, and a clinical assistant) were conducted during the first two years of the COVID-19 pandemic, a period characterized by evolving public health restrictions, uncertainty, and disruptions to health and social services. Results: Inductive qualitative analysis identified four key themes: (1) emotional experiences of care provision (including gratitude, compassion fatigue, and moral distress), (2) hospital- and community-led adaptations to support care delivery, (3) strategies for wellness and resilience building among staff, and (4) recommendations for future workforce planning and pandemic preparedness. Conclusions: Caring for PEH during the intense pandemic period intensified staff distress by exposing them to unmet social needs and system-level resource gaps, while also fostering interprofessional collaboration and resilience. Staff collaborated to facilitate organizational adaptations that enabled continuity-of-care. Future pandemic preparedness should include targeted mental health supports for staff, flexible institutional contingency planning, and formalized hospital–community partnerships to sustain care for PEH and other socially vulnerable populations. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Innovative Approaches to Healthcare Worker Wellbeing)
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