Comparative Study on the Effects of Laser Bleaching and Conventional Bleaching on the Physical Properties of Indigo Kapok/Cotton Denim Fabrics
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Materials
2.2. Methods
2.2.1. Desizing
2.2.2. Bleaching
- Laser:
- Conventional:
- (a)
- Bleaching with cellulose enzyme.
- (b)
- Bleaching with available sodium hypochlorite.
- (c)
- Bleaching with potassium permanganate.
- (d)
- Bleaching with hydrogen peroxide
2.2.3. Testing and Analysis
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. K/S Values
3.2. Tensile Strength and Weight
3.3. Air Permeability and Thickness
3.4. Color Fastness to Rubbing
3.5. Crease Recovery Angle
3.6. SEM Observations
3.6.1. Study of Fabric Surface
3.6.2. Study of Fiber Surface
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Fabric | 1 | 2 | |
---|---|---|---|
Fiber composition | Weft | Cotton 100% | Cotton 70% Kapok 30% |
Warp | Cotton 100% | Cotton 100% | |
Weft density (threads/10cm) | 178 | 198 | |
Warp density (threads/10cm) | 302 | 338 | |
Fabric weight (g/m2) | 409.16 | 322.42 |
Parameters | Values |
---|---|
Length (mm) Wavelength (μm) | 1650 10.6 |
Start delay time (μs) | 300 |
End delay time (μs) | 300 |
Power (W) | 240 |
Speed (mm/min) | 10,000 |
Method | Parameters | Values | Method | Parameters | Values |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Enzyme bleach | Liquor ratio | 1:10 | H2O2 bleach | Liquor ratio | 1:14 |
Cellulose enzyme (g/L) | 1 | Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) (o.w.f) (%) | 8 | ||
Temperature (°C) | 25 | Sodium hydroxide (NaOH) (g/L) | 2 | ||
Time for cellulose enzyme (min) | 15 | Time (min) | 15 | ||
Sodium carbonate (Na2CO3) (g/L) | 3 | Temperature (°C) | 80 | ||
Time for Na2CO3 | 5 | ||||
NaClO bleach | Liquor ratio | 1:14 | KMnO4 bleach | Liquor ratio | 1:14 |
Sodium hypochlorite (NaClO) (mL/L) | 14 | Potassium permanganate (KMnO4) (g/L) | 20 | ||
Sodium carbonate (Na2CO3) (g/L) | 10 | Time for KMnO4 (min) | 5 | ||
Time for NaClO and Na2CO3 (min) | 10 | Phosphoric acid (H3PO4) (g/L) | 10 | ||
Temperature for NaClO and Na2CO3 (°C) | 50 | Time for H3PO4 (min) | 10 | ||
Sodium thiosulfate (Na2S2O3·5H2O) (g/L) | 4.2 | Temperature for KMnO4 and H3PO4 (°C) | 50 | ||
Time for Na2S2O3·5H2O (min) | 5 | Oxalic acid (H2C2O4·2H2O) (g/L) | 2.5 | ||
Temperature for Na2S2O3·5H2O (°C) | 25 | Time for H2C2O4·2H2O (min) | 5 | ||
Temperature for H2C2O4·2H2O (°C) | 25 |
Sample | K/S (Fabric1) | K/S (Fabric1) Loss (%) | K/S (Fabric2) | K/S (Fabric2) Loss (%) |
---|---|---|---|---|
Desized | 15.833 ± 1.102 | 0 | 14.252 ± 1.011 | 0 |
Laser | 3.899 ± 0.072 | 75.374 ± 1.392 | 4.219 ± 0.080 | 70.397 ± 1.335 |
Enzyme | 13.310 ± 0.091 | 15.935 ± 0.109 | 11.773 ± 0.075 | 17.394 ± 0.111 |
NaClO | 13.675 ± 0.098 | 13.630 ± 0.098 | 11.214 ± 0.073 | 21.316 ± 0.139 |
KMnO4 | 7.703 ± 0.111 | 51.348 ± 0.740 | 6.570 ± 0.103 | 53.901 ± 0.845 |
H2O2 | 12.789 ± 0.871 | 19.226 ± 1.309 | 10.546 ± 0.064 | 26.003 ± 0.158 |
Sample | Weight (Fabric1) | Weight (Fabric1) Loss (%) | Weight (Fabric2) | Weight (Fabric2) Loss (%) |
---|---|---|---|---|
Desized | 35.83 ± 0.01 | 0 | 29.20 ± 0.01 | 0 |
Laser | 33.29 ± 0.01 | 7.09 | 27.34 ± 0.01 | 6.37 |
Enzyme | 33.38 ± 0.01 | 6.84 | 27.48 ± 0.01 | 5.89 |
NaClO | 33.34 ± 0.01 | 6.95 | 27.56 ± 0.01 | 5.62 |
KMnO4 | 32.70 ± 0.01 | 8.74 | 26.92 ± 0.01 | 7.81 |
H2O2 | 33.49 ± 0.01 | 6.53 | 27.44 ± 0.01 | 6.03 |
Sample | Permeability (Fabric1) (mm/s) | Thickness (Fabric1) (mm) | Permeability (Fabric2) (mm/s) | Thickness (Fabric2) (mm) |
---|---|---|---|---|
Desized | 95.98 | 0.68 | 37.62 | 0.44 |
Laser | 91.62 | 0.70 | 32.21 | 0.41 |
Enzyme | 94.62 | 0.67 | 34.63 | 0.42 |
NaClO | 95.93 | 0.69 | 36.92 | 0.44 |
KMnO4 | 90.92 | 0.68 | 34.11 | 0.46 |
H2O2 | 94.42 | 0.66 | 36.96 | 0.45 |
Sample | Warp (Fabric1) | Weft (Fabric1) | Warp (Fabric2) | Weft (Fabric2) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Dry | Wet | Dry | Wet | Dry | Wet | Dry | Wet | |
Desized | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 |
Laser | 4–5 | 3 | 4 | 3–4 | 4–5 | 4 | 4–5 | 3–4 |
Enzyme | 4–5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 4–5 | 4–5 | 5 | 4 |
NaClO | 5 | 4–5 | 5 | 4–5 | 4–5 | 4 | 4–5 | 4–5 |
KMnO4 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 1–2 | 3–4 | 1 | 3–4 | 1–2 |
H2O2 | 5 | 4–5 | 4–5 | 4–5 | 5 | 4 | 5 | 4 |
Sample | Crease Recovery Angle (°) | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Desized | Laser | Enzyme | NaClO | KMnO4 | H2O2 | ||
Fabric 1 | warp | 140.2 | 129.9 | 116.7 | 104.8 | 86.5 | 106.7 |
weft | 171.4 | 166.7 | 150.1 | 171.6 | 133.0 | 168.3 | |
Fabric 2 | warp | 129.1 | 120.8 | 116.1 | 109.3 | 103.8 | 113.2 |
weft | 187.3 | 153.3 | 132.8 | 164.5 | 129.6 | 151.1 |
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Du, W.; Zuo, D.; Gan, H.; Yi, C. Comparative Study on the Effects of Laser Bleaching and Conventional Bleaching on the Physical Properties of Indigo Kapok/Cotton Denim Fabrics. Appl. Sci. 2019, 9, 4662. https://doi.org/10.3390/app9214662
Du W, Zuo D, Gan H, Yi C. Comparative Study on the Effects of Laser Bleaching and Conventional Bleaching on the Physical Properties of Indigo Kapok/Cotton Denim Fabrics. Applied Sciences. 2019; 9(21):4662. https://doi.org/10.3390/app9214662
Chicago/Turabian StyleDu, Wei, Danying Zuo, Houlei Gan, and Changhai Yi. 2019. "Comparative Study on the Effects of Laser Bleaching and Conventional Bleaching on the Physical Properties of Indigo Kapok/Cotton Denim Fabrics" Applied Sciences 9, no. 21: 4662. https://doi.org/10.3390/app9214662
APA StyleDu, W., Zuo, D., Gan, H., & Yi, C. (2019). Comparative Study on the Effects of Laser Bleaching and Conventional Bleaching on the Physical Properties of Indigo Kapok/Cotton Denim Fabrics. Applied Sciences, 9(21), 4662. https://doi.org/10.3390/app9214662