Effects of Glazing with Preservatives on the Quality Changes of Squid during Frozen Storage
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Materials and Freezing Process
2.2. Preparation of Glazing Solution
2.3. Glazing and Frozen Storage
2.4. Determination of Water-Holding Capacity (WHC)
2.5. Determination of Weight Loss
2.6. Low-field Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (LF-NMR) Measurements
2.7. Determination of pH Value
2.8. Determination of Color Parameters
2.9. Determination of Malondialdehyde (MDA) Value
2.10. Determination of Free Amino Acids (FAAs)
2.11. Determination of the Total Sulfhydryl (SH) Content
2.12. Determination of Intrinsic Fluorescence Intensity (IFI)
2.13. Statistical Analysis
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Changes in WHC and Weight Loss
3.2. Low Field-Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (LF-NMR) Analysis
3.3. pH Value and Color Analysis
3.4. Lipid Oxidationanalysis
3.5. Protein Degradation and Oxidationanalysis
3.5.1. Changes in Free Amino Acids (FAAs)
3.5.2. Changes in Intrinsic Fluorescence Intensity (IFI)
3.5.3. Changes in Sulfhydryl (SH) Content
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Storage | Groups | FAA | ||||||||
Time | Asp | Thr | Ser | Glu | Gly | Ala | Val | Met | Ile | |
Month 0 | 8.22 ± 0.12 | 19.86 ± 1.33 | 7.56 ± 0.01 | 24.84 ± 0.05 | 28.60 ± 0.13 | 45.70 ± 0.01 | 16.47 ± 0.02 | 14.95 ± 0.11 | 8.11 ± 0.01 | |
Month 3 | CK | 37.73 ± 0.32a | 36.80 ± 0.42ab | 28.16 ± 0.45a | 81.65 ± 0.23a | 38.96 ± 0.81b | 114.44 ± 2.14b | 34.61 ± 0.19ab | 34.91 ± 0.24a | 27.21 ± 0.19ab |
WG | 27.03 ± 3.46b | 37.13 ± 3.36a | 18.64 ± 2.24cd | 73.15 ± 5.30b | 50.51 ± 3.14a | 119.72 ± 2.34a | 37.31 ± 4.74a | 27.61 ± 3.52b | 29.49 ± 3.87a | |
WG-1DSE | 30.96 ± 0.49b | 35.56 ± 0.37b | 27.96 ± 0.35a | 64.64 ± 0.94c | 32.46 ± 0.42d | 102.67 ± 1.57c | 37.92 ± 0.53ab | 24.21 ± 0.29c | 26.64 ± 0.33b | |
SG-1DSE | 13.33 ± 2.52d | 26.18 ± 4.77cd | 20.03 ± 3.73c | 41.10 ± 7.77f | 47.008 ± 3.35a | 85.05 ± 9.36e | 22.02±4.15e | 17.67 ± 3.39d | 16.02 ± 3.00e | |
SG-3DSE | 23.26 ± 1.11c | 25.42 ± 1.17d | 18.89 ± 0.09d | 56.38 ± 3.17d | 36.28 ± 1.53c | 95.34 ± 4.57d | 27.06 ± 1.52d | 18.32 ± 1.06de | 20.42 ± 1.22cd | |
SG-5DSE | 25.51 ± 1.34c | 29.80 ± 1.46c | 24.49 ± 1.22b | 54.87 ± 3.23de | 32.63 ± 1.61d | 93.63 ± 4.61de | 30.12 ± 1.64c | 19.31 ± 1.04d | 21.53 ± 0.92c | |
Month 6 | CK | 129.88 ± 0.26a | 162.77 ± 0.68a | 112.86 ± 1.14a | 284.23 ± 2.33a | 137.43 ± 0.45a | 224.53 ± 0.86a | 187.23 ± 0.35a | 105.84 ± 0.11a | 141.02 ± 0.05a |
WG | 74.678 ± 2.25b | 52.49 ± 3.88b | 41.52 ± 1.19b | 113.13 ± 4.62b | 48.12 ± 0.15d | 135.36 ± 1.46c | 53.36 ± 2.77b | 36.07 ± 2.04b | 43.88 ± 1.31b | |
WG-1DSE | 61.07 ± 0.55c | 45.29 ± 1.85c | 36.96 ± 0.86c | 91.63 ± 3.67c | 55.03 ± 2.43c | 112.94 ± 4.44e | 50.07 ± 1.61bc | 36.58 ± 1.57bc | 41.08 ± 1.13c | |
SG-1DSE | 22.7 ± 0.62d | 39.04 ± 1.49d | 30.78 ± 1.65e | 75.64 ± 3.07d | 46.36 ± 2.43de | 119.12 ± 4.71d | 41.8 ± 1.04e | 37.59 ± 1.83b | 30.74 ± 0.46e | |
SG-3DSE | 18.08 ± 1.56e | 33.27 ± 1.04e | 28.42 ± 0.63f | 61.03 ± 2.74f | 57.64 ± 1.25bc | 135.84 ± 2.48c | 36.89 ± 1.33f | 21.94 ± 0.84e | 25.64 ± 1.22f | |
SG-5DSE | 21.95 ± 1.86d | 42.20 ± 2.56cd | 34.96 ± 0.50d | 75.69 ± 2.63de | 59.08 ± 2.71b | 152.98 ± 5.49b | 46.67 ± 2.82d | 25.12 ± 1.43d | 33.43 ± 1.57d | |
Storage | Groups | FAA | ||||||||
Time | Leu | Tyr | Phe | Lys | His | Arg | Pro | Total | ||
Month 0 | 23.91 ± 0.02 | 14.13 ± 0.07 | 24.27 ± 0.23 | 8.26 ± 0.01 | 7.03 ± 0.01 | 37.40 ± 1.45 | 94.88 ± 2.47 | 384.20 ± 5.89 | ||
Month 3 | CK | 55.67 ± 0.33a | 25.82 ± 0.51ab | 44.25 ± 1.88a | 33.36 ± 0.64c | 44.24 ± 0.82a | 76.28 ± 1.45a | 141.02 ± 6.07e | 855.12 ± 10.04a | |
WG | 54.23 ± 6.98a | 22.29 ± 3.00b | 38.31 ± 5.17b | 40.01 ± 5.01b | 35.13 ± 5.00b | 40.92 ± 5.64f | 187.92 ± 13.04a | 839.43 ± 21.09ab | ||
WG-1DSE | 26.64 ± 0.60d | 26.64 ± 0.12a | 27.45 ± 0.15cd | 47.27 ± 0.80a | 24.97 ± 0.41c | 67.58 ± 0.71c | 142.38 ± 4.37b | 756.33 ± 8.46c | ||
SG-1DSE | 32.17 ± 6.06c | 13.79 ± 2.62de | 23.68 ± 4.62de | 19.77 ± 4.11f | 20.60 ± 2.87d | 70.38 ± 4.64b | 133.64 ± 10.07e | 602.44 ± 18.20e | ||
SG-3DSE | 20.43 ± 1.92e | 20.44 ± 1.03c | 27.12 ± 1.86c | 25.53 ± 1.88e | 17.21 ± 1.24e | 48.84 ± 3.52de | 133.98 ± 7.17be | 627.69 ± 17.99de | ||
SG-5DSE | 37.00 ± 1.96b | 16.17 ± 0.82d | 26.05 ± 1.35d | 32.84 ± 2.02d | 18.57 ± 2.11de | 54.54 ± 3.25d | 138.53 ± 12.02ef | 643.58 ± 19.24d | ||
Month 6 | CK | 125.2 ± 0.47a | 126.56 ± 0.46a | 113.82 ± 2.13a | 216.22 ± 0.83a | 96.92 ± 0.34a | 135.82 ± 1.59a | 185.1 ± 2.46a | 2485.43 ± 8.47a | |
WG | 80.61 ± 3.87b | 37.12 ± 0.64b | 62.64 ± 2.05b | 63.20 ± 0.99b | 59.88 ± 1.12b | 59.44 ± 3.45cd | 110.79 ± 4.06e | 1072.28 ± 23.16b | ||
WG-1DSE | 76.08 ± 2.19c | 32.33 ± 0.93c | 55.86 ± 1.43c | 53.76 ± 1.98c | 48.48 ± 1.41c | 55.52 ± 1.67e | 129.55 ± 3.79d | 982.23 ± 16.51c | ||
SG-1DSE | 54.87 ± 2.84d | 26.96 ± 1.06d | 28.65 ± 1.77f | 40.67 ± 2.01de | 40.29 ± 1.83d | 56.73 ± 5.62de | 149.21 ± 6.43b | 841.17 ± 21.43de | ||
SG-3DSE | 44.01 ± 0.46e | 20.35 ± 2.89ef | 32.17 ± 1.95e | 30.87 ± 2.16f | 33.52 ± 1.25de | 63.95 ± 3.15c | 136.54 ± 4.68c | 780.16 ± 11.43f | ||
SG-5DSE | 54.54 ± 2.01d | 22.77 ± 1.22e | 36.53 ± 2.19d | 43.11 ± 2.34d | 34.01 ± 2.16d | 79.40 ± 3.75b | 137.16 ± 5.84c | 899.63 ± 22.82d |
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Tan, M.; Li, P.; Yu, W.; Wang, J.; Xie, J. Effects of Glazing with Preservatives on the Quality Changes of Squid during Frozen Storage. Appl. Sci. 2019, 9, 3847. https://doi.org/10.3390/app9183847
Tan M, Li P, Yu W, Wang J, Xie J. Effects of Glazing with Preservatives on the Quality Changes of Squid during Frozen Storage. Applied Sciences. 2019; 9(18):3847. https://doi.org/10.3390/app9183847
Chicago/Turabian StyleTan, Mingtang, Peiyun Li, Wenhui Yu, Jinfeng Wang, and Jing Xie. 2019. "Effects of Glazing with Preservatives on the Quality Changes of Squid during Frozen Storage" Applied Sciences 9, no. 18: 3847. https://doi.org/10.3390/app9183847
APA StyleTan, M., Li, P., Yu, W., Wang, J., & Xie, J. (2019). Effects of Glazing with Preservatives on the Quality Changes of Squid during Frozen Storage. Applied Sciences, 9(18), 3847. https://doi.org/10.3390/app9183847