Plenty of Room at the Bottom: Nanotechnology as Solution to an Old Issue in Enhanced Oil Recovery
Abstract
:1. Introduction
Aim of This Review
2. Nanofluids
2.1. Nanofluids and Enhanced Oil Recovery
2.2. Effect of Nanoparticles on Reservoir and Fluid Properties
2.2.1. Aggregation and Retention in Porous Media
2.2.2. Effect on Rheology and Viscoelasticity
2.2.3. Effect on Interfacial Tension
2.2.4. Effect on the Rock Wettability and Surface Wetting
3. Nanoemulsions
3.1. Nanoemulsion Stability
Ostwald Ripening
3.2. Preparation of Nanoemulsions
4. Nanocatalysts
4.1. Chemistry and Kinetics of the Process
4.2. Factors Affecting Nanocatalysts in EOR Applications
4.2.1. Type, Size, and Concentration of Nanoparticles
4.2.2. Heat Transfer
4.2.3. Crude Oil Composition
4.2.4. Porous Media
4.3. Inhibition of Formation Damage
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
Abbreviations
EOR | Enhanced Oil Recovery |
IOIP | Initial Oil in Place |
PNP | Polymer-Coated Nanoparticle |
IFT | Interfacial Tension |
PSNP | Polysilicon Nanoparticle |
HLPN | Hydrophobic and Lipophilic Nanoparticle |
LHPN | Lipophobic and Hydrophilic Nanoparticle |
NWPN | Neutral Wet Nanoparticle |
DLVO | Derjaguin, Landau, Verwey, and Overbeek theory |
HAPAM | Hydrophobically Associating Polyacrylamide |
HPAM | Hydrolyzed Polyacrylamide |
SPAM | Sulfonated Polyacrylamide |
AMPS | 2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropane Sulfonic Acid |
SDS | Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate |
TDS | Total Dissolved Solids |
AM | Acrylamide |
AA | Acrylic Acid |
NSFM | Nano-SiO2 Functional Monomer |
CAC | Critical Aggregation Concentration |
CNT | Carbon Nanotube |
SEM | Scanning Electron Microscope |
AFM | Atomic Force Microscope |
PIT | Phase Inversion Temperature |
EIP | Emulsion Inversion Point |
VGO | Vacuum Gas Oil |
VAPEX | Vapor Extraction Process |
DHN | Decahydronaphthalene |
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Druetta, P.; Raffa, P.; Picchioni, F. Plenty of Room at the Bottom: Nanotechnology as Solution to an Old Issue in Enhanced Oil Recovery. Appl. Sci. 2018, 8, 2596. https://doi.org/10.3390/app8122596
Druetta P, Raffa P, Picchioni F. Plenty of Room at the Bottom: Nanotechnology as Solution to an Old Issue in Enhanced Oil Recovery. Applied Sciences. 2018; 8(12):2596. https://doi.org/10.3390/app8122596
Chicago/Turabian StyleDruetta, Pablo, Patrizio Raffa, and Francesco Picchioni. 2018. "Plenty of Room at the Bottom: Nanotechnology as Solution to an Old Issue in Enhanced Oil Recovery" Applied Sciences 8, no. 12: 2596. https://doi.org/10.3390/app8122596