Entrepreneurial Female Leadership: A Business Policy Approach to B Corp Management in Latin America
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Background
2.1. Actors and Stakeholders in Gender Equality from a Business Management Perspective
2.2. Women Entrepreneurs and Their Impact as B Corporations
2.3. Female Leadership in Sustainable Enterprises: Demystifying and Addressing Realities
2.4. Theoretical Articulation: Female Leadership, Sustainability, and the B Corp Model
3. Materials and Methods
3.1. Participants and Data Sources
3.2. Data Collection Processes
3.3. Data Coding, Analysis, and Interpretation
- Stage 1. Problem question (PQ): This study addresses key questions that challenge different approaches to the problem and guide the direction of the research. The methodology was applied based on the perspectives of the informants on each specific topic. How do corporate policies focused on sustainability and gender equality impact women-led businesses in Latin America and the Caribbean, considering the new management paradigm of the 21st century? Additionally, how does female entrepreneurial leadership influence the implementation of these policies, and what is its contribution to the creation of more inclusive and sustainable business environments, in line with labor inclusion indicators for women and youth?
- Stage 2. Collection of spontaneous categorical testimonies (RTEC): The construction of the RTEC was based on three approaches applied to key informants without establishing categories a priori, which allowed for the identification of emerging categories inductively.
- Stage 3. Guiding categories (GCs): Open coding was applied based on the word cloud, which facilitated the grouping of codes into guiding categories that address the trends, challenges, and proposals of corporate policies in the management of B Corps in Latin America for female entrepreneurial leadership. Two researchers participated in the coding process to increase inter-categorical validity. Discrepancies were resolved through consensus, and the analytical process was documented to ensure methodological transparency.
- Stage 4. Convergence (C): The convergence of informants was grouped according to the guiding categories using the quotes and open codes, and a semantic network was established.
- Stage 5. Analysis and interpretation of results (AIR): The software program Atlas.Ti9 was used to generate semantic networks with open codes, rooting tables, and density charts, which allowed for the interpretation of the results and the development of substantive theory.
3.4. Ethical Criteria
4. Results
4.1. Result Category Outcome: Entrepreneurial Female Leadership (PC-01)
“Our business aims to reduce deforestation rates in Chilean territory and other regions of Latin America. We also contribute to the recovery of the Tropical Dry Forest ecosystem, which now only accounts for 8% of what originally existed in our region”.(C002, S, CL, CO, MX)
“Our contribution through consultations and projects to corporations and foundations represents more than 20% of our turnover. Additionally, more than 30% of our profits are directed to benefits for workers. We also implement a strong waste recycling plan”.(C012, CL, S)
4.2. Result Category: Actors and Stakeholders in Gender Equality (PC-02)
“Our enterprise has policies that support its social, economic, and environmental commitment. Its main objective is to accompany clients with payment difficulties at each stage of the process, helping them recover their credit stability; it also offers services that contribute to the quality of life of Chilean women. 76.77% of its workforce is women, and they are part of populations that, in the national context, face barriers to accessing formal employment. Certified in standards that guarantee the quality of its services. It also measures and compensates for its environmental impact, reaffirming its commitment to caring for the planet”.(C012, CL)
“Our company seeks to make significant contributions to the education of single mothers and to culture in order to achieve the integral development of individuals and transform society. To achieve this goal, we offer comprehensive solutions for schools and cultural proposals in the areas of children’s literature, gender equality, and religion. I understood the immense potential of businesses to generate systemic changes in the economy. The vision of combining impacts and market logic was transformative”.(C046, CL. ARG) (see Figure 7)
4.3. Result Category: Social Contribution, Economic Growth, and Human Development for Women (PC-03)
“Our company strengthens its workforce by training its staff in labor matters and for a better quality of life, develops recreational activities, promotes the care and preservation of the environment, as well as waste control with certified companies. It also supports the Belén Educa foundation by offering job opportunities to young women in vulnerable situations”.(C081, CL)
“Lácteos Tronador (…) cares for animal welfare, employing a productive model that enables the feeding of cows in a natural environment, monitoring their health and caring for the fields and rooms. On the other hand, they aim to be leaders in sustainability in the industry, using green water for irrigation and room washing, and incorporating organic fertilizers and biostabilizers into the fields. Finally, they are committed to the community of female workers, creating alliances through foundations, with schools and technical institutes, promoting local hiring and fostering the professional development of their workers”.(C087, P, CL)
“Our company was created with the motivation to be an empirical experience of triple impact social entrepreneurship originating from rural reality, to know from practice how to enter the market with products full of awareness. From that experience, we aim to generate alliances, inspire, and support others in developing purpose-driven ventures that contribute to territorial regeneration and the heart of the human being. Ten years ago, we were a small but enthusiastic group, but the movement is contagious, and it keeps growing: 244 B Corps in Argentina, 1258 in Latin America, and 9536 worldwide”.(C141, CL, CO, PAR, AR) (see Figure 9)
4.4. Category: Maintaining Certification in a Sustained Manner (PC-04)
“We are focused on supporting the economic empowerment and professionalization of women entrepreneurs in Latin America, through providing training, connecting them with key resources, access to value chains, and giving them visibility, as well as creating the largest network of women entrepreneurs in the region”.(C141, CL)
“We generate financial resources for the development of educational projects for women who want to become entrepreneurs. We transfer cutting-edge knowledge from the School of Engineering to society. We provide specialized services to solve specific problems and develop large-scale, relevant, and diverse projects for people”.(C041, CL)
“The company promotes gender equality within the organization by ensuring equal pay between men and women and fostering gender parity through the incorporation of women at all organizational levels and areas. The company has a written People Policy that promotes the development of each member’s full potential and establishes clear rules regarding discrimination, workplace harassment, and sexual harassment. A regenerative economy needs women at the forefront, driving impact, innovation, and inclusion”.(C042, S, CL) (see Figure 11)
4.5. Result Category: Impact Decision (PC-05)
“Our company significantly addresses the environmental impact generated by waste in the textile industry. With a Hilana towel, we recycle what a person would recycle in eight years. We manufacture new products from textile waste, leveraging not only the raw material but also the dyeing process. Hilana products go through no chemical or dyeing processes, being 100% environmentally friendly”.(C075, CL, UR)
“Companies are human organisms, and in us, there is always the view that entrepreneurship must attract solutions to social and environmental problems”.(C102, CL, GUAT, UR, BR) (see Figure 13)
4.6. Result of the Emerging Substantive Theory
5. Discussion
5.1. Theoretical Articulation and Central Category
5.2. Contributions and Contrasts with the Literature
5.3. Emerging Theoretical Propositions
- P1: Female empowerment drives the transformation of leadership toward strategic, ethical, and sustainable models, challenging traditional hierarchical structures.
- P2: Women leaders in B Corporations integrate values of social justice, human development, and gender equity into their business vision, turning their organizations into platforms for structural change.
- P3: Interaction with support networks and collaborative communities strengthens female leadership, multiplying its social and economic impact.
5.4. Final Synthesis of the Discussion
6. Conclusions
6.1. Theoretical Contributions
6.2. Practical Implications
6.3. Limitations
6.4. Future Research Directions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Industry | Number of Companies | Origin/With Presence | Product/Service | Impact Area |
---|---|---|---|---|
Entrepreneurship Support | 16 | Chile | Service | Client/Environmental |
Chile/Colombia, Perú, Paraguay | Service | Social/Environmental | ||
Chile/Argentina and Mexico | Service/Product | Social/Client/Environmental | ||
Chile | Services | Social/Environmental/Client | ||
Chile | Service/Product | Social/Environmental/Client | ||
Chile | Service | Social/Environmental/Client | ||
Chile | Product | Social/Environmental | ||
Chile | Service/Product | Social/Environmental/Client | ||
Chile | Service/Product | Social/Environmental/Client | ||
Chile | Product | Social/Environmental | ||
Chile | Service/Product | Social/Environmental/Client | ||
Chile | Service/Product | Social/Environmental/Client | ||
Chile | Service/Product | Social/Environmental/Client | ||
Chile | Service/Product | Social/Environmental/Client | ||
Chile/Argentina, Colombia, Paraguay, Perú, Uruguay | Service/Product | Social/Environmental | ||
Chile/Colombia, Uruguay, Guatemala, Mexico, Brazil | Service | Social/Environmental |
Hermeneutic Approach | Guiding Category | Sub-Categories | Group of Codes |
---|---|---|---|
Interpretive | Female entrepreneurial leadership | Positive Environmental Impact and Sustainability. Corporate Social Responsibility and Community Engagement. Transformational Female Leadership. |
|
Inclusive Economic Growth and Job Creation. |
| ||
Critical interpretation | Actors and stakeholders in gender equality | Gender Equality and Empowerment. Inclusive Economic and Social Development for Women. Access to Education and Healthcare for Vulnerable Women. Sustainable Business Practices and Social Transformation. |
|
Critical and comprehensive interpretation | Social contribution, economic growth, and human development for women | Labor Inclusion and Empowerment. Sustainability and Responsibility Leadership and Purpose. Community Development and Collaboration. |
|
Interpretation of continuous commitment, organizational adaptation, and ethical coherence | Maintain certification in a sustained manner | Social Inclusion. Entrepreneurship. Social Justice. Community Development. |
|
Interpretive | Impact decision | Sustainable Business Models. Leadership and Governance. Social and Environmental Impact. Gender and Inclusion. |
|
Main Category | N° of Appearances | Co-Occurrence | Valid Percentage (%) | Codes |
---|---|---|---|---|
Transformational Female Leadership | 18 | 12 | 16.98% | Transformational female leadership |
Corporate Social Responsibility | 16 | 10 | 15.09% | Corporate social responsibility |
Inclusive Economic Growth | 15 | 11 | 14.15% | Inclusive economic growth Job creation Social vulnerability |
Female Economic Empowerment | 12 | 10 | 11.32% | Female economic empowerment Labor inclusion Access to value chains |
Social Impact and Sustainability | 9 | 8 | 8.49% | Social impact Environmental sustainability |
Circular Economy Models | 6 | 5 | 5.66% | Circular economy models Sustainable resource management |
Ethical Leadership and Governance | 6 | 3 | 5.66% | Ethical leadership Corporate transparency governance |
Labor Inclusion of Vulnerable Women | 6 | 3 | 5.66% | Labor inclusion Training Quality of work life |
Sustainable Development | 4 | 3 | 3.77% | Sustainable development Responsible productive models |
Innovation and Economic Change | 4 | 3 | 3.77% | Innovation Systemic change Social transformation |
Community Development and Collaboration | 4 | 3 | 3.77% | Partnerships for community development Civic participation Youth empowerment |
Total | 106 | 71 | 100% |
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Acevedo-Duque, Á.; Alvarez-Becerra, R.; Alcina De Fortoul, S.; Barriga-Soto, O.; Cúneo-Álvarez, G.; Fernández-Mantilla, M.M.; Valdez-Alvarez, C. Entrepreneurial Female Leadership: A Business Policy Approach to B Corp Management in Latin America. Adm. Sci. 2025, 15, 219. https://doi.org/10.3390/admsci15060219
Acevedo-Duque Á, Alvarez-Becerra R, Alcina De Fortoul S, Barriga-Soto O, Cúneo-Álvarez G, Fernández-Mantilla MM, Valdez-Alvarez C. Entrepreneurial Female Leadership: A Business Policy Approach to B Corp Management in Latin America. Administrative Sciences. 2025; 15(6):219. https://doi.org/10.3390/admsci15060219
Chicago/Turabian StyleAcevedo-Duque, Ángel, Rina Alvarez-Becerra, Sandra Alcina De Fortoul, Orietta Barriga-Soto, Giovanna Cúneo-Álvarez, Mirtha Mercedes Fernández-Mantilla, and Carla Valdez-Alvarez. 2025. "Entrepreneurial Female Leadership: A Business Policy Approach to B Corp Management in Latin America" Administrative Sciences 15, no. 6: 219. https://doi.org/10.3390/admsci15060219
APA StyleAcevedo-Duque, Á., Alvarez-Becerra, R., Alcina De Fortoul, S., Barriga-Soto, O., Cúneo-Álvarez, G., Fernández-Mantilla, M. M., & Valdez-Alvarez, C. (2025). Entrepreneurial Female Leadership: A Business Policy Approach to B Corp Management in Latin America. Administrative Sciences, 15(6), 219. https://doi.org/10.3390/admsci15060219