Effect of Increasing the Methionine Level and Reducing the Threonine Level in the Diet of Fast-Growing Rabbits
Abstract
:Simple Summary
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Animals
2.2. Experimental Diets
2.3. Experimental Procedure
2.4. Chemical Analysis
2.5. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Digestibility
3.2. Performance
3.3. Retention
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
Appendix A
Basal Mixture | MMM | MHL | |
---|---|---|---|
Ingredients | |||
Wheat bran | 300 | ||
Straw | 175 | ||
Sunflower meal | 167 | ||
Alfalfa hay | 148 | ||
Beet pulp | 120 | ||
Barley | 42 | ||
Beet molasses | 29 | ||
Palm oil | 4.5 | ||
Sodium chloride | 4.8 | ||
Calcium carbonate | 2.6 | ||
L-Lysine HCL | 2.4 | ||
Monocalcium phosphate | 0.2 | ||
Vitamin-trace element mixture 1 | 5.2 | ||
Chemical composition | |||
Dry matter (DM; g/kg) | 896 | 929 | 921 |
Ashes | 73.2 | 70.7 | 71.2 |
Crude protein | 157 | 155 | 157 |
Gross Energy (MJ/kg DM) | - | 18.01 | 18.36 |
Ether extract | 26.7 | 25.8 | 26.0 |
Neutral detergent fiber | 473 | 456 | 460 |
Acid detergent fiber | 275 | 263 | 267 |
Acid detergent lignin | 58.1 | 56.1 | 56.4 |
Digestible Energy 2 (MJ/kg DM) | - | 10.85 | 10.98 |
Digestible Protein 2 | - | 113 | 115 |
Digestible Protein/Digestible Energy | - | 10.41 | 10.47 |
Amino acids: Alanine | 5.81 | 5.61 | 5.62 |
Arginine | 8.25 | 7.96 | 8.03 |
Aspartic Acid | 12.7 | 12.2 | 12.4 |
Cysteine (Cys) | 2.36 | 2.28 | 2.30 |
Glutamic acid | 26.7 | 24.8 | 26.3 |
Glycine | 7.43 | 7.27 | 7.23 |
Histidine | 3.02 | 2.91 | 2.94 |
Isoleucine | 5.42 | 5.32 | 5.27 |
Leucine | 9.59 | 9.25 | 9.33 |
Lysine | 7.29 | 8.10 3 | 8.10 3 |
Methionine (Met) | 2.64 | 3.50 4 | 4.31 4 |
Phenylalanine | 6.07 | 5.85 | 5.91 |
Proline | 8.44 | 8.14 | 8.21 |
Serine | 6.63 | 6.25 | 6.47 |
Sulphur (Met + Cys) | 4.97 | 5.78 | 6.61 |
Threonine | 5.04 | 6.90 5 | 5.70 5 |
Tyrosine | 2.99 | 2.88 | 2.99 |
Valine | 7.42 | 7.16 | 7.23 |
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MMM | MHL | p-Value | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Fecal coefficients: (49 to 53 d old) | |||||
Dry matter | 0.547 | ±0.006 | 0.533 | ±0.005 | 0.0770 |
Crude protein | 0.733 | ±0.007 | 0.731 | ±0.008 | 0.1122 |
Gross energy | 0.606 | ±0.005 | 0.599 | ±0.005 | 0.2806 |
Apparent Ileal coefficients: (63 d old) | |||||
Dry matter | 0.395 | ±0.025 | 0.439 | ±0.028 | 0.2577 |
Crude protein | 0.576 | ±0.036 | 0.556 | ±0.037 | 0.6957 |
Alanine | 0.591 | ±0.046 | 0.552 | ±0.052 | 0.5612 |
Arginine | 0.805 | ±0.027 | 0.753 | ±0.031 | 0.2373 |
Aspartic acid | 0.618 | ±0.049 | 0.561 | ±0.057 | 0.4548 |
Cysteine | 0.416 | ±0.052 | 0.552 | ±0.061 | 0.1064 |
Glutamic acid | 0.781 | ±0.033 | 0.731 | ±0.038 | 0.3151 |
Glycine | 0.344 | ±0.052 | 0.339 | ±0.064 | 0.9575 |
Histidine | 0.753 | ±0.033 | 0.684 | ±0.038 | 0.1761 |
Isoleucine | 0.658 | ±0.049 | 0.596 | ±0.056 | 0.4048 |
Leucine | 0.664 | ±0.049 | 0.606 | ±0.055 | 0.4234 |
Lysine | 0.708 | ±0.050 | 0.600 | ±0.058 | 0.1541 |
Methionine | 0.741 | ±0.027 | 0.740 | ±0.034 | 0.9795 |
Phenylalanine | 0.691 | ±0.044 | 0.635 | ±0.051 | 0.4014 |
Proline | 0.678 | ±0.029 | 0.690 | ±0.033 | 0.7828 |
Serine | 0.521 | ±0.041 | 0.461 | ±0.060 | 0.4440 |
Threonine | 0.645 | ±0.042 | 0.507 | ±0.048 | 0.0408 |
Tyrosine | 0.549 | ±0.050 | 0.505 | ±0.057 | 0.5667 |
Valine | 0.622 | ±0.045 | 0.578 | ±0.050 | 0.5106 |
True Ileal coefficients: (63 d old) | |||||
Crude protein | 0.807 | ±0.036 | 0.786 | ±0.040 | 0.7059 |
Alanine | 0.860 | ±0.046 | 0.792 | ±0.053 | 0.3376 |
Arginine | 0.849 | ±0.033 | 0.763 | ±0.038 | 0.0988 |
Aspartic acid | 0.874 | ±0.049 | 0.783 | ±0.057 | 0.2372 |
Cysteine | 0.790 | ±0.052 | 0.806 | ±0.061 | 0.8411 |
Glutamic acid | 1.016 | ±0.033 | 0.952 | ±0.038 | 0.2180 |
Glycine | 0.669 | ±0.055 | 0.620 | ±0.064 | 0.5616 |
Histidine | 0.870 | ±0.033 | 0.792 | ±0.038 | 0.1271 |
Isoleucine | 1.033 | ±0.050 | 0.938 | ±0.058 | 0.2234 |
Leucine | 0.866 | ±0.049 | 0.773 | ±0.057 | 0.2256 |
Lysine | 0.854 | ±0.050 | 0.721 | ±0.058 | 0.0967 |
Methionine | 0.851 | ±0.029 | 0.812 | ±0.034 | 0.4494 |
Phenylalanine | 0.844 | ±0.044 | 0.757 | ±0.051 | 0.2156 |
Proline | 0.938 | ±0.029 | 0.904 | ±0.033 | 0.4551 |
Serine | 1.025 | ±0.041 | 0.936 | ±0.060 | 0.2765 |
Threonine | 0.839 | ±0.049 | 0.931 | ±0.043 | 0.1689 |
Tyrosine | 0.711 | ±0.050 | 0.646 | ±0.057 | 0.4064 |
Valine | 0.922 | ±0.045 | 0.848 | ±0.052 | 0.2919 |
MMM | MHL | p-Value | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Crude protein intake (g/day) | 22.6 | ±0.5 | 23.1 | ±0.5 | 0.4484 |
EBWG (g/day) | 47.2 | ±0.9 | 48.6 | ±0.9 | 0.2735 |
Energy | 8.999 | ±0.239 | 8.679 | ±0.239 | 0.3493 |
Protein | 0.2104 | ±0.0043 | 0.2024 | ±0.0043 | 0.1898 |
Alanine | 0.0099 | ±0.0003 | 0.0096 | ±0.0003 | 0.3712 |
Arginine | 0.0147 | ±0.0005 | 0.0150 | ±0.0005 | 0.7518 |
Aspartic acid | 0.0150 | ±0.0005 | 0.0148 | ±0.0005 | 0.8158 |
Cysteine | 0.0036 | ±0.0002 | 0.0035 | ±0.0002 | 0.6560 |
Glutamic acid | 0.0241 | ±0.0008 | 0.0247 | ±0.0008 | 0.6029 |
Glycine | 0.0170 | ±0.0004 | 0.0161 | ±0.0004 | 0.1516 |
Histidine | 0.0040 | ±0.0002 | 0.0040 | ±0.0003 | 0.9822 |
Isoleucine | 0.0069 | ±0.0001 | 0.0069 | ±0.0001 | 0.9041 |
Leucine | 0.0138 | ±0.0003 | 0.0138 | ±0.0003 | 0.8959 |
Lysine | 0.0121 | ±0.0004 | 0.0120 | ±0.0004 | 0.9501 |
Methionine | 0.0040 | ±0.0001 | 0.0038 | ±0.0001 | 0.1526 |
Phenylalanine | 0.0069 | ±0.0002 | 0.0069 | ±0.0002 | 0.9542 |
Proline | 0.0097 | ±0.0003 | 0.0096 | ±0.0003 | 0.7890 |
Serine | 0.0086 | ±0.0003 | 0.0089 | ±0.0003 | 0.5548 |
Threonine | 0.0074 | ±0.0003 | 0.0077 | ±0.0002 | 0.4507 |
Tyrosine | 0.0055 | ±0.0003 | 0.0057 | ±0.0003 | 0.5733 |
Valine | 0.0093 | ±0.0002 | 0.0094 | ±0.0002 | 0.8986 |
Current (MMM) | New (MHL) | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Lysine | Sulphur Amino Acids | Threonine | Lysine | Sulphur Amino Acids | Threonine | |
Total | 8.1 1 | 5.8 1 | 6.9 1 | 8.1 3 | 6.6 3 | 5.7 3 |
Apparent fecal digestible | 6.3 1 | 4.4 1 | 4.8 1 | |||
Apparent ileal digestible | 5.2 2 | 3.6 2 | 4.5 2 | 5.2 2 | 4.2 2 | 2.9 2 |
True ileal digestible | 6.4 2 | 4.7 2 | 6.1 2 | 6.4 2 | 5.4 2 | 5.0 2 |
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Marín-García, P.J.; Ródenas, L.; Martínez-Paredes, E.; Moya, V.J.; Cambra-López, M.; Blas, E.; Pascual, J.J. Effect of Increasing the Methionine Level and Reducing the Threonine Level in the Diet of Fast-Growing Rabbits. Animals 2023, 13, 1471. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani13091471
Marín-García PJ, Ródenas L, Martínez-Paredes E, Moya VJ, Cambra-López M, Blas E, Pascual JJ. Effect of Increasing the Methionine Level and Reducing the Threonine Level in the Diet of Fast-Growing Rabbits. Animals. 2023; 13(9):1471. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani13091471
Chicago/Turabian StyleMarín-García, Pablo Jesús, Luís Ródenas, Eugenio Martínez-Paredes, Vicente Javier Moya, María Cambra-López, Enrique Blas, and Juan José Pascual. 2023. "Effect of Increasing the Methionine Level and Reducing the Threonine Level in the Diet of Fast-Growing Rabbits" Animals 13, no. 9: 1471. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani13091471
APA StyleMarín-García, P. J., Ródenas, L., Martínez-Paredes, E., Moya, V. J., Cambra-López, M., Blas, E., & Pascual, J. J. (2023). Effect of Increasing the Methionine Level and Reducing the Threonine Level in the Diet of Fast-Growing Rabbits. Animals, 13(9), 1471. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani13091471