Patterns and Factors Influencing Parrot (Order: Psittaciformes) Success in Establishing Thriving Naturalized Populations within the Contiguous United States
Abstract
:Simple Summary
Abstract
1. Introduction: The Evolutionary History of Parrots
1.1. History of Endemic Parrots in the United States
1.2. Parrots as Naturalized Species in the United States
1.3. Naturalized Parrots: A Legacy of the Pet Trade
1.4. What Makes Naturalized Parrots So Successful?
2. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Species | Evidence for Breeding | Body Mass (g) | Brain Mass (g) | Relative Brain (%) | Species | Evidence for Breeding | Body Mass (g) | Brain Mass (g) | Relative Brain (%) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Agapornis fischeri | No | 48.30 | 1.95 | 4.04 | Eupsittula aurea | No | 84.00 | 3.23 | 3.85 |
Agapornis lilianae | No | 40.50 | 1.53 | 3.78 | Eupsittula canicularis | No | 75.20 | 3.26 | 4.34 |
Agapornis personatus | Yes | 52.50 | 1.87 | 3.56 | Eupsittula nana | No | 79.00 | 4.01 | 5.08 |
Agapornis pullarius | No | 43.00 | 1.44 | 3.35 | Forpus coelestis | No | 26.20 | 1.34 | 5.11 |
Agapornis roseicollis | Yes | 45.80 | 1.86 | 4.06 | Forpus passerinus | No | 24.00 | 1.10 | 4.58 |
Amazona aestiva | Yes | 400.00 | 8.24 | 2.06 | Forpus xanthops | No | - | - | - |
Amazona albifrons | Yes | 218.00 | 5.28 | 2.42 | Melopsittacus undulatus | Yes | 35.00 | 1.50 | 4.29 |
Amazona amazonica | Yes | 338.00 | 8.29 | 2.45 | Myiopsitta monachus | Yes | 120.00 | 4.08 | 3.40 |
Amazona auropalliata | No | 433.00 | 9.57 | 2.21 | Nymphicus hollandicus | No | 83.00 | 2.39 | 2.88 |
Amazona autumnalis | Yes | 399.50 | 8.13 | 2.04 | Pionites melanocephalus | No | 136.40 | 5.18 | 3.80 |
Amazona farinosa | No | 610.00 | 10.14 | 1.66 | Pionus maximiliani | No | 263.00 | 5.60 | 2.13 |
Amazona finschi | Yes | - | - | - | Pionus senilis | No | - | - | - |
Amazona ochrocephala | Yes | 510.00 | 8.64 | 1.69 | Platycercus elegans | No | 128.60 | 3.78 | 2.94 |
Amazona oratrix | Yes | 433.00 | 8.62 | 1.99 | Platycercus eximius | No | 103.50 | 3.01 | 2.91 |
Amazona ventralis | No | 300.00 | 5.97 | 1.99 | Poicephalus flavifrons | No | - | - | - |
Amazona viridigenalis | Yes | 316.00 | 6.89 | 2.18 | Poicephalus meyeri | No | 117.50 | 4.41 | 3.75 |
Amazona xantholora | No | - | - | - | Poicephalus senegalus | No | 155.00 | 4.71 | 3.04 |
Anodorhynchus hyacinthinus | No | 1500.00 | 24.73 | 1.65 | Psephotus haematonotus | No | 59.20 | 1.97 | 3.33 |
Ara ararauna | Yes | 1125.00 | 18.08 | 1.61 | Psittacara erythrogenys | Yes | - | - | - |
Ara chloropterus | No | 1185.00 | 20.88 | 1.76 | Psittacara finschi | Yes | - | - | - |
Ara macao | No | 1015.00 | 17.93 | 1.77 | Psittacara holochlorus | Yes | - | - | - |
Ara militaris | No | 1134.00 | 18.83 | 1.66 | Psittacara leucophthalmus | Yes | - | - | - |
Ara severus | Yes | 347.00 | 10.05 | 2.90 | Psittacara mitratus | Yes | - | - | - |
Aratinga jandaya | No | 120.00 | 3.80 | 3.17 | Psittacara strenuus | No | - | - | - |
Aratinga nenday | Yes | 128.00 | 4.55 | 3.55 | Psittacara wagleri | Yes | - | - | - |
Aratinga weddellii | No | 108.00 | 4.01 | 3.71 | Psittacula alexandri | No | 156.00 | 4.20 | 2.69 |
Bolborhynchus lineola | No | 53.60 | 2.08 | 3.88 | Psittacula cyanocephala | No | 60.00 | 2.68 | 4.47 |
Brotogeris chiriri | Yes | - | - | - | Psittacula eques | No | - | - | - |
Brotogeris versicolurus | Yes | 60.40 | 2.39 | 3.96 | Psittacula eupatria | No | 214.00 | 5.54 | 2.59 |
Cacatua alba | No | 631.00 | 14.16 | 2.24 | Psittacula krameri | Yes | 137.00 | 3.90 | 2.85 |
Cacatua galerita | No | 765.00 | 14.24 | 1.86 | Psittacus erithacus | No | - | - | - |
Cacatua sanguinea | No | 437.50 | 8.91 | 2.04 | Pyrrhura frontalis | No | 80.10 | 2.81 | 3.51 |
Cacatua sulphurea | No | 344.00 | 9.62 | 2.80 | Pyrrhura molinae | No | - | - | - |
Cyanoliseus patagonus | No | - | - | - | Pyrrhura rupicola | No | - | - | - |
Eclectus roratus | No | 428.00 | 7.36 | 1.72 | Thectocercus acuticaudatus | Yes | - | - | - |
Eolophus roseicapilla | No | 351.00 | 6.43 | 1.83 | Trichoglossus moluccanus | No | - | - | - |
Eos bornea | No | 120.00 | 4.78 | 3.98 |
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Dickinson, E.; Young, M.W.; Tanis, D.; Granatosky, M.C. Patterns and Factors Influencing Parrot (Order: Psittaciformes) Success in Establishing Thriving Naturalized Populations within the Contiguous United States. Animals 2023, 13, 2101. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani13132101
Dickinson E, Young MW, Tanis D, Granatosky MC. Patterns and Factors Influencing Parrot (Order: Psittaciformes) Success in Establishing Thriving Naturalized Populations within the Contiguous United States. Animals. 2023; 13(13):2101. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani13132101
Chicago/Turabian StyleDickinson, Edwin, Melody W. Young, Daniel Tanis, and Michael C. Granatosky. 2023. "Patterns and Factors Influencing Parrot (Order: Psittaciformes) Success in Establishing Thriving Naturalized Populations within the Contiguous United States" Animals 13, no. 13: 2101. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani13132101
APA StyleDickinson, E., Young, M. W., Tanis, D., & Granatosky, M. C. (2023). Patterns and Factors Influencing Parrot (Order: Psittaciformes) Success in Establishing Thriving Naturalized Populations within the Contiguous United States. Animals, 13(13), 2101. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani13132101