Seroprevalence of Brucellosis in Haryana, India: A Study Using Rose Bengal Plate Test and Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Area and Sampling
2.2. Sample Processing
2.3. Rose Bengal Plate Test (RBPT)
2.4. Indirect Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (i-ELISA)
2.5. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
6. Implications and Recommendations
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Variable | Tested Samples | Brucellosis | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Positive by ELISA (%) | 95% CI | Chi-Square (p-Value) | Positive by RBPT (%) | 95% CI | Chi-Square (p-Value) | Overall Positive (%) | 95% CI | Chi-Square (p-Value) | |||
Overall | 4325 | 262 (6.05) | 5.34–6.76 | - | 297 (6.86) | 6.11–7.62 | - | 258 (5.96) | 5.25–6.67 | - | |
Agroclimatic zone | Zone I | 1580 | 139 (8.80) | 7.40–10.19 | 75.53 (p < 0.001) | 169 (10.70) | 9.17–12.22 | 85.54 (p < 0.001) | 138 (8.73) | 7.34–10.13 | 76.27 (0.001) * |
Zone II | 1365 | 102 (7.47) | 6.08–8.87 | 99 (7.25) | 5.08–8.63 | 100 (7.33) | 5.94–8.71 | ||||
Zone III | 1380 | 21 (1.52) | 0.88–2.17 | 29 (2.10) | 1.34–2.86 | 20 (1.45) | 0.82–2.08 | ||||
Species | Cattle | 2151 | 166 (7.72) | 6.59–8.85 | 20.70 (p < 0.001) | 200 (9.30) | 8.07–10.53 | 39.54 (p < 0.001) | 163 (7.58) | 6.46–8.70 | 19 (0.001) * |
Buffalo | 2174 | 96 (4.42) | 3.55–5.28 | 97 (4.46) | 3.59–5.32 | 95 (4.37) | 3.51–5.23 | ||||
Age | Less than 1 year | 83 | 5 (6.02) | 0.91–11.14 | 0.722 (p > 0.05) | 5 (6.02) | 0.91–11.4 | 2.56 (p > 0.05) | 5 (6.02) | 0.91–11.14 | 0.846 (0.655) |
1–5 year | 2680 | 156 (5.82) | 4.93–6.71 | 172 (6.42) | 5.49–7.35 | 153 (5.70) | 4.83–6.59 | ||||
>5 year | 1562 | 101 (6.47) | 5.25–7.69 | 120 (7.68) | 6.36–9.00 | 100 (6.40) | 5.19–7.62 | ||||
Sex | Male | 200 | 11 (5.50) | 2.34–8.66 | 0.713 (p > 0.05) | 11 (5.50) | 2.34–8.66 | 0.613 (p > 0.05) | 11 (5.5) | 2.34–8.66 | 0.081 (0.776) |
Female | 4125 | 251 (6.08) | 5.36–6.81 | 189 (4.58) | 3.94–5.22 | 247 (5.98) | 5.26–6.71 |
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Mittal, D.; Grakh, K.; Kumar, M.; Jhandai, P.; Dahiya, S.; Gupta, R.; Kumar, R.; Prakash, A.; Kumar, P.; Moudgil, P.; et al. Seroprevalence of Brucellosis in Haryana, India: A Study Using Rose Bengal Plate Test and Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay. Pathogens 2025, 14, 373. https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens14040373
Mittal D, Grakh K, Kumar M, Jhandai P, Dahiya S, Gupta R, Kumar R, Prakash A, Kumar P, Moudgil P, et al. Seroprevalence of Brucellosis in Haryana, India: A Study Using Rose Bengal Plate Test and Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay. Pathogens. 2025; 14(4):373. https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens14040373
Chicago/Turabian StyleMittal, Dinesh, Kushal Grakh, Manesh Kumar, Punit Jhandai, Swati Dahiya, Renu Gupta, Ramesh Kumar, Anand Prakash, Pankaj Kumar, Pallavi Moudgil, and et al. 2025. "Seroprevalence of Brucellosis in Haryana, India: A Study Using Rose Bengal Plate Test and Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay" Pathogens 14, no. 4: 373. https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens14040373
APA StyleMittal, D., Grakh, K., Kumar, M., Jhandai, P., Dahiya, S., Gupta, R., Kumar, R., Prakash, A., Kumar, P., Moudgil, P., Khurana, R., & Jindal, N. (2025). Seroprevalence of Brucellosis in Haryana, India: A Study Using Rose Bengal Plate Test and Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay. Pathogens, 14(4), 373. https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens14040373