Building Collective Ownership of Single-Use Plastic Waste in Youth Communities: A Jamaican Case Study
Abstract
:1. Introduction
1.1. Single-Use Plastic in Jamaica
1.2. SUPs Policy Response in Jamaica
1.3. Plastic Use in Schools
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Approach
2.2. Study Setting
2.3. Questionnaire Items
2.4. Data Collecation
2.5. Data Analyses
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Profile of Respondents
3.1.1. Teachers
3.1.2. Parents/Guardians (PG)
3.2. Cognitive and Affective Attitudes toward SUPs
3.2.1. Cognitive and Affective Attitudes of Teachers
3.2.2. Cognitive and Affective Attitudes of Parents/Guardians
3.3. Behaviour
3.3.1. Teachers
3.3.2. Parents/Guardians
3.4. Profile of Clusters
4. Conclusions and Implications
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Socio-Demographics | TEACHERS | PARENTS/GUARDIANS | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
Frequency | Percent | Frequency | Percent | |
Sex | ||||
Male | 2 | 8.3 | 33 | 17.3 |
Female | 22 | 91.7 | 158 | 82.7 |
Age (years) | ||||
≤20 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 1 |
21–30 | 4 | 16.7 | 58 | 30.4 |
31–40 | 7 | 29.1 | 90 | 47.1 |
41–50 | 9 | 37.5 | 37 | 19.4 |
≥51 | 4 | 16.7 | 4 | 2.1 |
Family structure | ||||
Nuclear family | N/A | 89 | 46.6 | |
Single-parent | 68 | 35.6 | ||
Extended | 25 | 13.1 | ||
Blended | 7 | 3.7 | ||
Grandparent | 2 | 1.0 | ||
Household size | ||||
1–4 | N/A | 149 | 78 | |
5–8 | 39 | 20.5 | ||
>8 | 3 | 1.5 | ||
Educational attainment | ||||
Basic (Primary/Junior High School | 0 | 0 | 35 | 18.3 |
Senior High School | 3 | 12.5 | 76 | 39.8 |
Diploma/Undergraduate | 18 | 75.0 | 38 | 19.9 |
Postgraduate | 3 | 12.5 | 42 | 22 |
Monthly income (JMD) * | ||||
≤100,000 | 10 | 41.7 | 66 | 34.6 |
100,001–200,000 | 7 | 29.1 | 55 | 28.8 |
200,001–300,000 | 4 | 16.7 | 26 | 13.6 |
300,001–400,000 | 3 | 12.5 | 14 | 7.3 |
>400,000 | N/A | 30 | 15.7 |
Group Variable | Sample (n = 24) | Cluster 1 58.3% (n = 14) | Cluster 2 41.7% (n = 10) | Predictor Importance |
---|---|---|---|---|
Mean scores | ||||
Cognitive Attitude | ||||
SUPs are harmful to marine ecosystems | 1.67 | 1.07 | 2.50 | 0.33 |
SUPs make our beaches unattractive | 1.46 | 1.07 | 2.00 | 0.19 |
Single-use plastics negatively affect the tourism industry | 1.58 | 1.14 | 2.20 | 0.26 |
We must educate our children | 5.71 | 8.64 | 1.60 | 0.89 |
Affective Attitude | ||||
There should be proper recycling arrangements for SUPs | 5.87 | 8.79 | 1.80 | 1.00 |
SUPs should be banned | 4.92 | 7.36 | 1.50 | 0.71 |
People should be levied for using SUPs | 4.38 | 6.57 | 1.30 | 0.71 |
Businesses should not deal in SUPs regardless of the cost to the economy | 4.75 | 7.00 | 1.60 | 0.70 |
We should stop producing SUPs | 4.92 | 7.21 | 1.70 | 0.67 |
Group Variable | Sample (n = 191) | Cluster 1 23.6% (n = 45) | Cluster 2 56.5% (n = 108) | Cluster 3 19.9% (n = 38) | Predictor Importance |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Mean scores | |||||
Cognitive Attitude | |||||
SUPs are harmful to marine ecosystems | 1.41 | 0.00 | 1.29 | 3.45 | 0.33 |
SUPs make our beaches unattractive | 1.49 | 0.00 | 1.35 | 3.66 | 0.26 |
Single-use plastics negatively affect the tourism industry | 1.53 | 0.00 | 1.43 | 3.63 | 0.19 |
We must educate our children | 6.14 | 2.87 | 6.97 | 7.66 | 0.89 |
Affective Attitude | |||||
SUPs should be banned | 4.83 | 4.82 | 4.99 | 4.89 | 0.71 |
We should stop producing SUPs | 5.04 | 5.00 | 4.97 | 5.29 | 0.67 |
Businesses should not deal in SUPs regardless of the cost to the economy | 4.90 | 5.58 | 4.87 | 4.18 | 0.70 |
People should be levied for using SUPs | 4.19 | 5.80 | 3.69 | 3.68 | 0.71 |
There should be proper recycling arrangements for SUPs | 5.90 | 3.89 | 7.09 | 4.89 | 1.00 |
Group Variable | Sample (n = 24) | Cluster 1 37.5% (n = 9) | Cluster 2 62.5% (n = 15) | Predictor Importance |
---|---|---|---|---|
Mean scores | ||||
I use reusable alternatives | 5.67 | 9.89 | 3.13 | 1.00 |
I avoid SUPs | 4.87 | 8.89 | 2.47 | 0.97 |
I sometimes pay extra | 5.25 | 9.33 | 2.80 | 0.97 |
I decline/avoid SUPs even when free | 4.87 | 8.33 | 2.80 | 0.79 |
Group Variable | Sample (n = 24) | Cluster 1 29.8% (n = 57) | Cluster 2 70.2% (n = 134) | Predictor Importance |
---|---|---|---|---|
Mean scores | ||||
I decline/avoid SUPs even when free | 4.39 | 3.23 | 4.88 | 0.12 |
I avoid SUPs | 4.66 | 4.04 | 4.93 | 0.04 |
I use reusable alternatives | 5.03 | 5.35 | 4.90 | 0.01 |
I sometimes pay extra | 4.25 | 1.37 | 5.48 | 1.00 |
Socio-Demographic Characteristics | Abstainers | Advocates | χ2 (ρ Value) |
---|---|---|---|
Sex | 0.145 (0.703) | ||
Male | 50.0 | 50.0 | |
Female | 36.4 | 63.6 | |
Age | 9.209 (0.162) | ||
≤20 | - | - | |
21–30 | 75.0 | 25.0 | |
31–40 | 28.6 | 71.4 | |
41–50 | 33.3 | 66.7 | |
≥51 | 25.0 | 75.0 | |
Educational Attainment | 1.244 (0.537) | ||
Basic (Primary/Junior High School | - | ||
Senior High School | 33.3 | 66.7 | |
Diploma/Undergraduate | 33.3 | 66.7 | |
Postgraduate | 66.7 | 33.3 | |
Monthly Income (JMD) * | 10.062 (0.073) | ||
≤100,000 | 70.0 | 30.0 | |
100,001–200,000 | 0.0 | 100.0 | |
200,001–300,000 | 25.0 | 75.0 | |
>300,001–400,000 | 33.3 | 66.7 |
Socio-Demographic | Potentials | ||
---|---|---|---|
Cluster 1 (%) | Cluster 2 (%) | χ2 (ρ Value) | |
Sex | 4.112 (0.043) | ||
Male | 15.2 | 84.8 | |
Female | 32.9 | 67.1 | |
Age | 55.121 (<0.001) | ||
≤20 | 0.0 | 100.0 | |
21–30 | 5.2 | 94.8 | |
31–40 | 27.8 | 72.2 | |
41–50 | 73.0 | 27.0 | |
≥51 | 50.0 | 50.0 | |
Family Structure | 24.279 (<0.001) | ||
Nuclear family | 40.4 | 59.6 | |
Single-parent | 10.3 | 89.7 | |
Extended | 36.0 | 64.0 | |
Blended | 71.4 | 28.6 | |
Grandparent | 0.0 | 100.0 | |
Household Size | 14.881 (0.005) | ||
1–4 | 24.8 | 75.2 | |
5–8 | 46.2 | 53.8 | |
>8 | 66.7 | 33.3 | |
Educational Attainment | 53.885 (<0.001) | ||
Basic (primary/Junior High School) | 8.6 | 91.4 | |
Senior High School | 10.5 | 89.5 | |
Diploma/Undergraduate | 47.4 | 52.6 | |
Postgraduate | 66.7 | 33.3 | |
Monthly Income (J$) * | 38.17 (<0.001) | ||
≤100,000 | 16.7 | 83.3 | |
100,001–200,000 | 16.4 | 83.6 | |
200,001–300,000 | 38.5 | 61.5 | |
300,001–400,000 | 50.0 | 50.0 | |
>400,000 | 66.7 | 33.3 |
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Clayton, C.A.B. Building Collective Ownership of Single-Use Plastic Waste in Youth Communities: A Jamaican Case Study. Soc. Sci. 2021, 10, 412. https://doi.org/10.3390/socsci10110412
Clayton CAB. Building Collective Ownership of Single-Use Plastic Waste in Youth Communities: A Jamaican Case Study. Social Sciences. 2021; 10(11):412. https://doi.org/10.3390/socsci10110412
Chicago/Turabian StyleClayton, C. Andrea Bruce. 2021. "Building Collective Ownership of Single-Use Plastic Waste in Youth Communities: A Jamaican Case Study" Social Sciences 10, no. 11: 412. https://doi.org/10.3390/socsci10110412
APA StyleClayton, C. A. B. (2021). Building Collective Ownership of Single-Use Plastic Waste in Youth Communities: A Jamaican Case Study. Social Sciences, 10(11), 412. https://doi.org/10.3390/socsci10110412