Experimental Modeling of Silicate and Carbonate Sulfidation under Lithospheric Mantle P,T-Parameters
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
3. Results
3.1. Olivine-Ankerite-Sulfur System
3.2. Olivine-Ankerite-Pyrite System
3.3. Raman Spectral Characteristics of Produced Mineral Phases
3.3.1. Olivine, Orthopyroxene, and Clinopyroxene
3.3.2. Carbonates
3.3.3. Graphite
4. Discussion
4.1. Reconstruction of Interactions in the Olivine-Ankerite-Sulfur System
4.2. Reconstruction of Interactions in the Olivine-Ankerite-Pyrite System
4.3. Raman Spectral Characteristics and Indicative Properties of Mineral Phases Produced in Sulfidation Processes
4.3.1. Olivine
4.3.2. Carbonates
4.3.3. Graphite
4.4. Scenarios of Metasomatic Interactions of Reduced Sulfur-Rich Fluid with Olivine and Carbonates in the Earth’s Upper Mantle
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Mineral | Si | Ca | Fe | Mg | Mn | Ni | S | C | O | Total |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Olivine | 19.17 | - | 7.22 | 29.43 | - | 0.35 | - | - | 43.96 | 99.86 |
Ankerite | - | 19.27 | 13.7 | 5.87 | 0.55 | - | - | 11.98 | 47.93 | 100 |
Pyrite | - | - | 46.82 | - | - | 0.03 | 53.04 | - | - | 99.89 |
Run N | T,°C | t, h | Final Phases | |||
Silicates | Carbonates | S-Bearing Phases | Phases of Elemental Carbon | |||
Olivine-Ankerite-Sulfur System | ||||||
932-3 | 1050 | 60 | Ol, Cpx | Dol, Mgs, Arg | Py, Ls | - |
1476-3 | 1150 | 60 | Ol, Cpx | Dol, Mgs, Arg | Py, Ls | - |
1997-3 | 1250 | 60 | Ol, Cpx | Dol, Mgs | Py, Ls | - |
2000-3 | 1350 | 20 | Ol, Cpx | Dol, Mgs | Ls | Gr |
2001-3 | 1450 | 20 | Ol, Opx | Mgs, Dol, Lcarb-sil | Ls | Gr |
1181-3 | 1550 | 20 | Ol | Lcarb-sil | Ls | Gr, Dm |
Olivine-Ankerite-Pyrite System | ||||||
932-6 | 1050 | 60 | Ol, Cpx | Dol, Mgs | Py, Po | - |
1476-6 | 1150 | 60 | Ol, Cpx | Dol, Mgs | Py, Po | - |
1997-6 | 1250 | 60 | Ol, Cpx | Dol, Mgs | Py, Po | - |
2000-6 | 1350 | 20 | Ol, Cpx | Dol, Mgs, Lcarb | LFe-S-O | - |
2001-6 | 1450 | 20 | Ol, Opx | Mgs, Lcarb | LFe-S-O | Gr |
1181-6 | 1550 | 20 | Ol | Lcarb | LFe-S-O | Gr, Dm |
Run N | T,°C | Phase | Mass Concentrations. wt. % | n(O) | Cations Per Formula Unit | ||||||||||
SiO2 | FeO | MgO | CaO | NiO | Total | Si | Fe | Mg | Ca | Ni | Sum | ||||
Olivine-Ankerite-Sulfur System | |||||||||||||||
932-3 | 1050 | Olcore | 40.5(3) | 9.1(3) | 49.2(2) | 0.07(7) | 0.45(2) | 99.47 | 4 | 1.00(0) | 0.19(1) | 1.81(1) | - | 0.01(0) | 3.01 |
Olrim | 42.3(2) | 0.1(1) | 56.8(3) | 0.3(2) | - | 99.62 | 4 | 0.99(0) | - | 2.00(1) | 0.01(1) | - | 3.01 | ||
Cpx | 54.6(9) | 0.5(5) | 22(3) | 22(3) | - | 99.57 | 6 | 1.96(4) | 0.01(1) | 1.2(2) | 0.9(1) | - | 4.04 | ||
1476-3 | 1150 | Olcore | 40.6(3) | 9.0(7) | 49.3(6) | 0.02(2) | 0.45(2) | 99.46 | 4 | 1.00(0) | 0.19(2) | 1.81(1) | - | 0.01(0) | 3.01 |
Olrim | 42.3(3) | 0.6(6) | 56.6(7) | 0.06(6) | - | 99.62 | 4 | 1.00(1) | 0.01(1) | 2.00(2) | - | - | 3.00 | ||
Cpx | 54.3(6) | 0.5(1) | 22(3) | 22(3) | - | 99.76 | 6 | 1.95(3) | 0.01(0) | 1.2(1) | 0.9(1) | - | 4.03 | ||
1997-3 | 1250 | Olcore | 40.8(4) | 8.7(9) | 49.5(9) | 0.06(6) | 0.45(3) | 99.52 | 4 | 1.00(0) | 0.18(2) | 1.82(2) | - | 0.01(0) | 3.01 |
Olrim | 41.3(5) | 2.9(1) | 54.4(3) | 0.1(1) | 0.3(0) | 99.16 | 4 | 0.99(1) | 0.06(0) | 1.95(2) | - | 0.01(0) | 3.01 | ||
Cpx | 54.9(6) | 0.4(2) | 20.5(9) | 23(1) | - | 99.55 | 6 | 1.98(1) | 0.01(1) | 1.11(5) | 0.92(5) | - | 4.02 | ||
2000-3 | 1350 | Olcore | 40.8(4) | 8.5(9) | 49.7(8) | 0.02(2) | 0.45(2) | 99.49 | 4 | 1.00(1) | 0.17(2) | 1.83(2) | - | 0.01(0) | 3.01 |
Olrim | 41.9(1) | 1.7(5) | 55.6(4) | 0.2(1) | 0.1(1) | 99.66 | 4 | 0.99(0) | 0.03(1) | 1.97(1) | 0.01(0) | - | 3.01 | ||
Cpx | 55(1) | 0.2(2) | 21.8(7) | 22.6(8) | - | 99.75 | 6 | 1.98(3) | 0.01(0) | 1.18(4) | 0.87(4) | - | 4.02 | ||
2001-3 | 1450 | Olcore | 40.8(4) | 6(1) | 52(1) | 0.02(2) | 0.4(1) | 99.67 | 4 | 0.99(0) | 0.13(3) | 1.88(4) | - | 0.01(0) | 3.01 |
Olrim | 41.9(5) | 1.5(9) | 56.1(9) | 0.1(1) | 0.1(1) | 99.64 | 4 | 0.99(1) | 0.03(2) | 1.99(2) | - | - | 3.01 | ||
Opx | 58.8(5) | 0.3(1) | 38.1(6) | 2.4(4) | - | 99.62 | 6 | 1.99(1) | 0.01(0) | 1.93(3) | 0.09(1) | - | 4.01 | ||
1811-3 | 1550 | Ol | 42.5(3) | 0.3(2) | 56.5(2) | 0.1(1) | - | 99.37 | 4 | 1.00(0) | 0.01(0) | 1.99(1) | - | - | 3.00 |
Olivine-Ankerite-Pyrite System | |||||||||||||||
932-6 | 1050 | Olcore | 40.6(2) | 9.2(2) | 49.1(1) | - | 0.44(8) | 99.5 | 4 | 1.00(0) | 0.19(0) | 1.81(1) | - | 0.01(0) | 3.00 |
Olrim | 43(1) | 1.4(5) | 54(2) | - | - | 99.8 | 4 | 1.01(2) | 0.03(1) | 1.91(9) | - | - | 2.99 | ||
Cpx | 55.4(6) | 0.6(4) | 19.2(5) | 24.4(3) | - | 99.8 | 6 | 2.00(2) | 0.02(1) | 1.04(3) | 0.94(1) | - | 4.00 | ||
1476-6 | 1150 | Olcore | 40.5(4) | 9.3(6) | 49.3(4) | - | 0.49(6) | 99.6 | 4 | 0.99(1) | 0.19(1) | 1.81(1) | - | 0.01(0) | 3.01 |
Olrim | 41.4(6) | 3(1) | 53(1) | - | - | 99.3 | 4 | 0.99(1) | 0.07(2) | 1.91(5) | - | - | 3.01 | ||
Cpx | 55.0(2) | 0.8(3) | 18.8(3) | 24.7(3) | - | 100,0 | 6 | 2.00(1) | 0.02(1) | 1.02(2) | 0.96(1) | - | 4.00 | ||
1997-6 | 1250 | Olcore | 41.0(3) | 9(1) | 50(1) | - | 0.42(8) | 99.5 | 4 | 1.00(0) | 0.18(3) | 1.81(3) | - | 0.01(0) | 3.00 |
Olrim | 42.2(5) | 3(1) | 54.3(9) | - | - | 99.7 | 4 | 1.00(1) | 0.06(2) | 1.94(2) | - | - | 3.00 | ||
Cpx | 55(1) | 1.0(6) | 21(1) | 23(1) | - | 99.5 | 6 | 1.98(4) | 0,03(2) | 1.12(7) | 0.89(6) | - | 4,02 | ||
2000-6 | 1350 | Olcore | 41.0(3) | 8(1) | 50(1) | - | 0.47(9) | 99.7 | 4 | 1.00(0) | 0.16(2) | 1.83(2) | - | 0.01(0) | 2.99 |
Olrim | 42.0(5) | 3(1) | 54(1) | - | - | 99,7 | 4 | 1.00(1) | 0.06(3) | 1.93(3) | - | - | 3.00 | ||
Cpx | 55.4(6) | 0.9(5) | 21.3(7) | 22.2(9) | - | 99.8 | 6 | 1.99(1) | 0.03(1) | 1.14(4) | 0.85(4) | - | 4.01 | ||
2001-6 | 1450 | Olcore | 40.9(5) | 8(2) | 51(1) | - | 0,5(1) | 99.9 | 4 | 1.00(1) | 0.16(3) | 1.85(3) | - | 0.01(0) | 3.00 |
Olrim | 41.8(4) | 3.8(6) | 53.9(6) | - | - | 99.8 | 4 | 1.00(1) | 0.08(1) | 1.92(2) | - | - | 3.00 | ||
Opx | 58.3(7) | 2.1(2) | 36.7(9) | 2.9(9) | - | 100.1 | 6 | 1.99(1) | 0.06(1) | 1.86(4) | 0.10(3) | - | 4.01 | ||
1811-6 | 1550 | Olcore | 41.3(3) | 6(1) | 52(1) | - | - | 99.6 | 4 | 1.00(1) | 0.12(2) | 1.88(3) | - | - | 3.00 |
Olrim | 42.4(2) | 0.41(8) | 56.5(5) | - | - | 99,6 | 4 | 1.00(0) | 0.01(0) | 1.99(2) | - | - | 3.00 |
Run N | T, °C | Phase | Mass Concentrations. wt. % | n(O) | Cations Per Formula Unit | ||||||||||
SiO2 | FeO | MgO | CaO | SO3 | CO2 * | Total | Fe | Mg | Ca | C | Sum | ||||
Olivine-Ankerite-Sulfur System | |||||||||||||||
932-3 | 1050 | Arg | - | 0.1(1) | 0.1(1) | 54.2(9) | - | 45.7(9) | 100 | 3 | - | - | 0.91(1) | 1.04(1) | 1.96 |
Mgs | - | 0.1(1) | 43(1) | 3.6(1) | - | 52(1) | 100 | 3 | - | 0.92(3) | 0.05(0) | 1.01(1) | 1.99 | ||
Dol | - | - | 19(2) | 32(3) | - | 47(1) | 100 | 6 | - | 0.91(7) | 1.1(1) | 2.00(3) | 4.00 | ||
1476-3 | 1150 | Arg | - | 0.3(2) | - | 55.2(3) | - | 44.5(2) | 100 | 3 | - | - | 0.94(1) | 1.03(0) | 1.97 |
Dol | - | - | 19(2) | 31.9(5) | - | 48(1) | 100 | 6 | - | 0.93(5) | 0.99(1) | 2.05(3) | 3.97 | ||
Mgs | - | 0.2(1) | 43.5(5) | 3.5(9) | - | 52(1) | 100 | 3 | - | 0.92(2) | 0.05(1) | 1.01(1) | 1.99 | ||
1997-3 | 1250 | Mgs | - | 0.23(1) | 41.7(7) | 6.8(6) | - | 51(1) | 100 | 3 | - | 0.89(2) | 0.10(1) | 1.00(2) | 2.00 |
Dol | - | - | 23.1(4) | 28(1) | - | 48.9(8) | 100 | 6 | - | 1.06(1) | 0.87(3) | 2.04(2) | 3.97 | ||
2000-3 | 1350 | Mgs | - | 0.3(2) | 38.9(9) | 8.5(9) | - | 52.3(6) | 100 | 3 | - | 0.83(3) | 0.12(1) | 1.02(1) | 1.98 |
Dol | - | 0.21(5) | 25.8(9) | 25.1(1) | - | 48.9(9) | 100 | 6 | - | 1.18(5) | 0.77(0) | 2.03(3) | 3.97 | ||
2001-3 | 1450 | Mgs | - | 0.09(9) | 40.3(3) | 4.9(2) | - | 54.6(3) | 100 | 3 | - | 0.85(1) | 0.07(0) | 1.04(0) | 1.97 |
Dol | - | - | 20(2) | 30(1) | - | 48.9(3) | 100 | 3 | - | 0.95(6) | 0.99(4) | 2.03(1) | 3.97 | ||
Lcarb-sil | 15(3) | 0.4(3) | 24(2) | 21(4) | 1.0(7) | 38(4) | 100 | - | - | - | - | - | - | ||
1811-3 | 1550 | Lcarb-sil | 11(1) | 0.5(3) | 21(2) | 17.3(1) | 1.7(5) | 48(2) | 100 | - | - | - | - | - | - |
Olivine-Ankerite-Pyrite System | |||||||||||||||
932-6 | 1050 | Dolcore | - | 8(2) | 17(2) | 27.9(3) | - | 47.3(5) | 100 | 6 | 0.22(7) | 0.78(7) | 0.94(0) | 2.01(1) | 3.98 |
Dolmantle | - | 3(1) | 20.4(4) | 27.6(3) | - | 49.0(9) | 100 | 6 | 0.08(3) | 0.94(1) | 0.9(2) | 2.02(1) | 3.98 | ||
Dolrim | - | 0.6(1) | 20.9(4) | 30.1(4) | - | 48.5(4) | 100 | 6 | 0.01(0) | 0.96(2) | 0.98(1) | 2.01(0) | 3.99 | ||
Mgs | - | 0.5(2) | 42.3(5) | 4(1) | - | 53(2) | 100 | 3 | 0.01(0) | 0.90(2) | 0.06(2) | 1.00(0) | 1.98 | ||
1476-6 | 1150 | Dol | - | 0.4(1) | 22.0(5) | 28.2(2) | - | 49.5(7) | 100 | 6 | 0.01(1) | 1.00(3) | 0.91(1) | 2.01(1) | 3.97 |
Mgs | - | 0.5(2) | 41.2(1) | 4.8(4) | - | 53.5(5) | 100 | 3 | 0.01(0) | 0.87(0) | 0.07(0) | 1.01(0) | 1.97 | ||
1997-6 | 1250 | Dol | - | 0.4(2) | 23.0(5) | 27.1(7) | - | 49.5(5) | 100 | 6 | 0.01(0) | 1.04(2) | 0.88(2) | 2.02(1) | 3.98 |
Mgs | - | 1.4(0) | 37.0(1) | 7.49(9) | - | 53.4(9) | 100 | 3 | 0.01(0) | 0.79(0) | 0.11(0) | 1.01(1) | 1.97 | ||
2000-6 | 1350 | Dol | - | 0.4(1) | 26.0(3) | 23.5(6) | - | 50.2(2) | 100 | 6 | 0.01(0) | 1.16(1) | 0.75(2) | 2.01(1) | 3.97 |
Mgs | - | - | 38(2) | 9(1) | - | 52(1) | 100 | 3 | - | 0.82(4) | 0.13(2) | 1.01(1) | 1.99 | ||
Lcarb | 2.7(1) | 1.1(2) | 16.6(7) | 34.2(4) | - | 45.4(7) | 100 | - | - | - | - | - | - | ||
2001-6 | 1450 | Lcarb | 0.4(2) | 3(1) | 17(7) | 25(3) | - | 48(2) | 100 | - | - | - | - | - | - |
Mgs | - | 1.8(2) | 42(1) | 3.7(4) | - | 52.4(9) | 100 | 3 | 0.02(0) | 0.89(3) | 0.06(1) | 1.00(1) | 1.98 | ||
1811-6 | 1550 | Lcarb | 2(1) | 5.0(5) | 15(2) | 16(1) | - | 55(3) | 100 | - | - | - | - | - | - |
Run N | T, °C | Phase | Mass Concentrations, wt. % | Cations Per Formula Unit | ||||||||||
Fe | Mg | Mn | Ca | Ni | S | O | C | Total | Fe | Ni | S | |||
Olivine-Ankerite-Sulfur System | ||||||||||||||
932-3 | 1050 | Py | 45.0(5) | - | - | - | 1.1(5) | 53.6(5) | - | - | 99.8 | 0.96(2) | 0.02(1) | 2 |
Ls | 1.5(6) | - | - | - | 0.4(2) | 90.5(7) | 7.5(9) | - | 100 | - | - | - | ||
1476-3 | 1150 | Py | 45.0(6) | - | - | - | 1.1(6) | 54.6(7) | - | - | 99.8 | 0.94(1) | 0.02(1) | 2 |
Ls | 1.9(8) | - | - | - | 0.3(9) | 89.5(4) | 8.3(7) | - | 100 | - | - | - | ||
1997-3 | 1250 | Py | 45(1) | - | - | - | 1.2(9) | 54(1) | - | - | 99.7 | 0.96(1) | 0.02(2) | 2 |
Ls | 2.2(5) | - | - | - | 0.4(1) | 88.8(5) | 8(1) | - | 100 | - | - | - | ||
2000-3 | 1350 | Ls | 20.7(4) | 0.2(2) | 0.4(1) | 0.4(1) | 0.8(2) | 67.1(5) | 8(1) | 2.4(5) | 100 | - | - | - |
2001-3 | 1450 | Ls | 22.6(8) | 0.4(1) | 0.3(1) | 0.5(2) | 0.7(2) | 65(1) | 7.6(8) | 3.0(9) | 100 | - | - | - |
1811-3 | 1550 | Ls | 22.5(1) | 0.7(1) | - | 0.4(1) | 0.5(1) | 53(2) | 16(1) | 6.3(5) | 100 | - | - | - |
Olivine-Ankerite-Pyrite System | ||||||||||||||
932-6 | 1050 | Po | 59.4(9) | - | - | - | 0.51(7) | 39.7(8) | - | - | 99.6 | 0.85(3) | 0.01(0) | 1 |
Py | 46.4(3) | - | - | - | - | 53.2(3) | - | - | 99.6 | 1.00(1) | - | 2 | ||
1476-6 | 1150 | Po | 59.0(5) | - | - | - | 0.4(1) | 40.0(4) | - | - | 99.5 | 0.84(1) | 0.01(0) | 1 |
Py | 46.1(1) | - | - | - | - | 53.6(6) | - | - | 99.7 | 0.98(0) | - | 2 | ||
1997-6 | 1250 | Po | 59.0(5) | - | - | - | 0.5(2) | 40.1(4) | - | - | 99.6 | 0.84(1) | 0.01(0) | 1 |
Py | 45.7(4) | - | - | - | - | 53.8(2) | - | - | 99.5 | 0.97(1) | - | 2 | ||
2000-6 | 1350 | LFe-S-O | 58.0(3) | - | - | - | 0.7(2) | 39.9(1) | 1.1(1) | - | 99.7 | - | - | - |
2001-6 | 1450 | LFe-S-O | 58.9(2) | - | - | - | 0.9(1) | 38.9(2) | 0.9(1) | - | 99.5 | - | - | - |
1811-6 | 1550 | LFe-S-O | 61.3(3) | - | 0.2(2) | - | 0.9(1) | 33.6(3) | 3.4(3) | - | 99.5 | - | - | - |
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Zdrokov, E.; Novoselov, I.; Bataleva, Y.; Borzdov, Y.; Palyanov, Y. Experimental Modeling of Silicate and Carbonate Sulfidation under Lithospheric Mantle P,T-Parameters. Minerals 2019, 9, 425. https://doi.org/10.3390/min9070425
Zdrokov E, Novoselov I, Bataleva Y, Borzdov Y, Palyanov Y. Experimental Modeling of Silicate and Carbonate Sulfidation under Lithospheric Mantle P,T-Parameters. Minerals. 2019; 9(7):425. https://doi.org/10.3390/min9070425
Chicago/Turabian StyleZdrokov, Evgeniy, Ivan Novoselov, Yuliya Bataleva, Yuri Borzdov, and Yuri Palyanov. 2019. "Experimental Modeling of Silicate and Carbonate Sulfidation under Lithospheric Mantle P,T-Parameters" Minerals 9, no. 7: 425. https://doi.org/10.3390/min9070425