Abstract
Convexity performs its due role in the theoretical field of inequalities according to the nature and conduct of the properties it displays. A correlation connectivity, which is visible between the two variables symmetry and convexity, enhances its importance. In this paper, we derive a new multi-parameter quantum integral identity involving Raina’s function. Applying this generic identity as an auxiliary result, we establish some new generalized quantum estimates of certain integral inequalities pertaining to the class of -convex functions. Moreover, we give quantum integral inequalities for the product of - and -convex functions as well as another quantum result for a function that satisfies a special condition. In order to demonstrate the efficiency of our main results, we offer many important special cases for suitable choices of parameters and finally for -convex functions that are absolute-value bounded.
JEL Classification:
05A30; 26A33; 26A51; 34A08; 26D07; 26D10; 26D15
1. Introduction and Preliminaries
In recent years, the classical concept of convexity has been extended and generalized in different directions using novel and innovative ideas. Cortez et al. [1] presented a new generalization of convexity classes as follows:
Definition 1
([1]). Let and be a bounded sequence of positive real numbers. A non-empty set is said to be generalized convex if
Here, is Raina’s function, which is defined as follows:
where and is the well-known Gamma function. For more details, see [2].
Definition 2
([1]). Let and be a bounded sequence of positive real numbers. A function is said to be generalized convex if
In addition to its many applications, another fascinating aspect of convexity is its close relation with theories of inequalities. We can obtain several classical and new inequalities using convexity and its generalization (see, e.g., [3,4,5] and references therein). The most studied results pertaining to the convexity properties of functions are Hermite–Hadamard’s inequality, Ostrowski’s inequality and Simpson’s inequality. For more details, see [6].
Cortez et al. [1] derived a new version of Hermite–Hadamard’s inequality using the class of generalized convex functions. This result reads as follows:
Theorem 1.
Let be a generalized convex function. Then,
Note that if we take , then we can recapture the classical Hermite–Hadamard inequality from the above inequality for convex functions, which reads as follows:
Theorem 2.
Let be a convex function. Then,
We now recall the following two basic concepts regarding quantum calculus that are helpful to us in obtaining the main results of the paper.
Definition 3
([7,8]). Let be an arbitrary function. Then, the q-derivative of on
at τ is defined as
where is a constant.
Definition 4
([7,8]). Let be an arbitrary function. Then, the q-integral of Ψ on is defined as
for all , where is a constant.
Recently, Tariboon and Ntouyas [7,8] utilized the concepts of quantum calculus in obtaining the quantum analogues of inequalities involving convexity. These ideas and techniques of Tariboon and his coauthor attracted many researchers, particulary those working in the field of inequalities involving convexity and its generalizations. Since then, numerous new quantum analogues of classical inequalities have been obtained in the literature. For example, Noor et al. [9] and Sudsutad et al. [10] obtained q-analogues of Hermite–Hadamard’s inequality using the class of convex functions. Noor et al. [11] obtained q-Hermite–Hadamard inequalities using the class of pre-invex functions. Alp et al. [12] gave a refined q-analogue of Hermite–Hadamard’s inequality. Zhang et al. [13] obtained a generalized quantum integral identity and obtained several new q-analogues of certain integral inequalities. Very recently, Du et al. [14] obtained another fascinating q-integral identity and obtained various q-analogues of certain integral inequalities. For more information about quantum calculus and its applications, see [15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26].
Before we move towards our main results, we first define the class of -convex functions.
Definition 5.
Let and be a bounded sequence of positive real numbers. A function is said to be -convex if
Note that we can recapture Definition 2 by taking in Definition 5 above.
Inspired by the above results and literature, in Section 2, we derive a new multi-parameter quantum integral identity. Using this generic identity as an auxiliary result, we obtain some new generalized quantum estimates of certain integral inequalities pertaining to the class of -convex functions. In Section 3, we give quantum integral inequalities for the product of - and -convex functions as well as another quantum result for a function that satisfies a special condition. As for applications, in Section 4, we discuss several important special cases of the established results for suitable choices of parameters and also for -convex functions that are absolute-value bounded. In Section 5, some conclusions and future research are given.
2. Main Results
In this section, we first present the following multi-parameter quantum integral identity, which will be a main tool to derive our main results. For brevity, we denote , where is the interior set and .
Lemma 1.
Let be a q-differentiable function on with . If is integrable on and , then
Proof.
Let
A direct computation gives
On the other hand, one has
Since
and
we obtain
This completes the proof. □
Corollary 1.
In Lemma 1, taking and , we have
Corollary 2.
In Lemma 1, choosing , we obtain
Corollary 3.
In Lemma 1, taking and , we obtain
Using Lemma 1, we can obtain our main results.
Theorem 3.
Let be a q-differentiable function on with . If is an integrable -convex function with and , then
where
and
Proof.
Using Lemma 1 and -convexity of and applying inequality for , we have
This completes the proof. □
Theorem 4.
Let be a q-differentiable function on with . If is an integrable -convex function with and then for and , we have
where
and
Proof.
Using Lemma 1, Hölder’s inequality and -convexity of and applying inequality for , we have
This completes the proof. □
Remark 1.
Using Lemma 1, many new and interesting results via Hölder–İşcan, Chebyshev, Markov, Young and Minkowski inequalities using different classes of convex functions can be established. We omit their proofs here and the details are left to the interested reader.
3. Further Results
Our next results are given below.
Theorem 5.
Let be continuous and non-negative functions on . If Ψ and g are respectively - and -convex functions on , then for and we have
Proof.
Since and g are respectively - and -convex functions, we have
In addition,
This completes the proof. □
Before we present our next result, let us recall Condition 1, which was introduced by Noor and Noor [27].
Condition 1.
Assume that the functionsatisfies the following condition:
Theorem 6.
Let be an -convex function. If is a non-negative and integrable function on and symmetric about , where satisfies Condition 1, then for and we have
Proof.
Using -convexity of , for every with we have
Using Condition 1, we obtain
Multiplying both sides of the above inequality by and integrating with respect to on , we obtain
Since is symmetric about , we have
This completes the proof. □
Corollary 4.
Taking and letting we have the left-hand side of Hermite–Hadamard’s inequality for -convex functions.
Remark 2.
Taking in our results, we obtain quantum integral inequalities via generalized convex functions. Moreover, choosing , we obtain quantum integral inequalities via s-convex functions. We omit their proofs here and the details are left to the interested reader.
4. Applications
We now discuss some important special cases as applications of our main results.
Corollary 5.
In Theorem 3, taking and , we have
where
Corollary 6.
In Theorem 3, choosing , we obtain
where
Corollary 7.
In Theorem 3, taking and , we obtain
where
Corollary 8.
In Theorem 4, choosing and , we have
Corollary 9.
In Theorem 4, taking , we obtain
Corollary 10.
In Theorem 4, choosing and , we obtain
We now discuss applications regarding absolute-value bounded functions of the results obtained from our main results. We suppose that the following condition is satisfied:
and is a constant.
Applying the above condition, we have the following results.
Corollary 11.
Under the assumptions of Theorem 3, the following inequality holds:
Corollary 12.
Under the assumptions of Theorem 4, the following inequality holds:
5. Conclusions
In this paper, we derive a new multi-parameter quantum integral identity. Applying this generic identity as an auxiliary result, we establish some new generalized quantum estimates of certain integral inequalities pertaining to the class of -convex functions. Furthermore, we obtain quantum integral inequalities for the product of - and -convex functions as well as another new quantum result for a function that satisfies Condition M. We also offer some applications of the obtained results for suitable choices of parameters included in the identity found. Finally, two results for -convex functions that are absolute-value bounded are given. In any case, we hope that these results continue to sharpen our understanding of the nature of quantum calculus and its huge applications in different fields. For future developments, we will derive several new and interesting inequalities via the Hölder–İşcan, Chebyshev, Markov, Young and Minkowski inequalities using quantum calculus for different classes of convex functions.
Author Contributions
Investigation, M.V.-C., M.U.A., S.T., A.K. and M.A.N. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.
Funding
This research was funded by Dirección de Investigación from Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador in the research project entitled, “Some integrals inequalities and generalized convexity” (Algunas desigualdades integrales para funciones con algún tipo de convexidad generalizada y aplicaciones).
Institutional Review Board Statement
Not applicable.
Informed Consent Statement
Not applicable.
Data Availability Statement
No data were used to support this study.
Acknowledgments
The authors are thankful to the editor and the anonymous reviewers for their valuable comments and suggestions.
Conflicts of Interest
The authors declare that they have no competing interests.
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