Living on the Edge—Mismatches and Expectations in a Changing Landscape
Abstract
:1. Introduction
- Industrialisation at the end of the 19th century with new landfills and industrial perimeters, precarious urbanisation along the old Alcântara Stream, and further housing needs.
- In the first half of the 20th century, overlapping high-capacity road and rail infrastructure, such as the bridge link.
- From the 1990s onwards, the need to restore urban continuity, the qualification of public and open spaces, urban rehabilitation interventions, and the Alcântara Green Corridor under the aegis of the Lisbon Green City 2020 award.
A Valley as the Boundary of A City
2. Materials and Methods
- Literature Review (see all sections)
- Desktop research at the Lisbon Municipal Archive (Arquivo Municipal de Lisboa), historical cartography and iconography, notably photographs and correlated documents linked with the site, since the late 19th century (see Section 3 Results).
- Experimental methods by design in Urban Planning and Design Studios and Workshops 2019—Workshops: (1) 2009/10, Scientific and Teaching Responsibility, Urban and Territorial Design Studio II, Master in Architecture specialising in Urbanism, with the support of the Lisbon City Council, in the provision of material, technical monitoring Urban and Spatial Planning, in the provision of material, technical monitoring, and development of the students’ work. (2) 2013, Coordination and organisation, From splinters to parks, 2nd [Urban + Landscape] design international workshop, 7–10 May, endorsed by the ISOCARP. Published [20]. (3) 2019, Coordination, Cidade [n]a Margem//City on the Edge. Alcântara: infrastructures, fabrics, landscapes, Futures Workshop, with participants from masters’ and doctoral programs in Urbanism at the Lisbon School of Architecture. Joint organisation: Lisbon School of Architecture, Universidade de Lisboa, and CIUL/Lisbon City Council with urban and landscape design senior officers. 8–15 May, CIUL.
- Observational methods through field trips and photographic documentation (August 2020, September-November 2021, March 2022) (see Section 3 Results).
- Review of urban planning documents (policies, plans, and programmes), Urbanism and public spaces design promoted by the Lisbon Council’s Urban Planning, Environment and Green Spaces, existing local plans, and projects for units at the local levels of intervention and media (Newspapers and Documentaries) (see Section 3 Results, and Section 4 Discussion).
3. Alcântara: Three Narratives, One Story
3.1. Fringe Urbanisation in Former Rural Environs: The Birth of Stigma
3.2. The Sectoral Superimposition of Modern Features: From A City Boundary to A Robust National-Level Centrality
3.3. Public and Open Space System: Beyond Inequalities or Green Branding?
4. Three Decades of Urban Planning and Design, 1990–2020: Genealogy and Insights
- Backmatter: Open-source databases are available at:
- http://lisboaaberta.cm-lisboa.pt/index.php/pt/dados/conjuntos-de-dados and https://dados.gov.pt/pt/datasets/, accessed on 14 November 2021.
- CartografiaHistorica_DuarteFava_1807. Tags Cartografia Histórica, Duarte Fava, 1807, Topografia, Topography, Historic Mapping, LimitesAdministrativos Summary Cartografia histórica, série produzida por Duarte Fava em 1807. Historic mapping produced by Duarte Fava in 1807. Credits CM LIsboa 2017 Use limitations Sem restrições de uso.
- CartografiaHistorica_1855. Tags Cartografia Histórica, 1855, Topografia, Topography, Historic Mapping, LimitesAdministrativos Summary Cartografia histórica, série produzida em 1855. Historic mapping produced in 1855. Description Cartografia histórica, série produzida em 1855. Historic mapping produced in 1855. Credits CM Lisboa 2017 Use limitations Sem restrições de uso.
- CartografiaHistorica_FilipeFolque_1856_1858. Tags Cartografia Histórica, Filipe Folque, 1856, 1858, Topografia, Topography, Historic Mapping, Limites Administrativos Summary Cartografia histórica, série produzida por Filipe Folque em 1856–1858. Historic mapping produced by Filipe Folque in 1856–1858. Description Cartografia histórica, série produzida por Filipe Folque em 1856–1858. Historic mapping produced by Filipe Folque in 1856–1858. Credits There are no credits for this item. Use limitations Sem restrições de uso.
- CartografiaHistorica_CamaraMunicipalLisboa_1871. Tags Câmara Municipal de Lisboa, Cartografia Histórica, 1871, Topografia, Topography, Historic Mapping, LimitesAdministrativos Summary Cartografia histórica, série produzida pela Câmara Municipal de Lisboa em 1871. Historic mapping produced by Lisbon City Council in 1871. Description Cartografia histórica, série produzida pela Câmara Municipal de Lisboa em 1871. Historic mapping produced by Lisbon City Council in 1871. Credits CM Lisboa 2017 Use limitations Sem restrições de uso
- Cartografia1878_FranciscoCesarGoullard, TagsTopografia, Topography, Cartografia Histórica, Historic Mapping, César Goullard, Francisco Goullard, 1878 Description Cartografia histórica, série produzida por César e Francisco Goullard em 1878. Historic mapping produced by César and Francisco Goullard in 1878. Credits CM Lisboa 2017. Use limitations Sem restrições de uso
- CartografiaHistorica_SilvaPinto_1911 Tags Cartografia Histórica, Silva Pinto, 1911, Topografia, Topography, Historic Mapping, LimitesAdministrativos. Description Cartografia histórica, série produzida por Silva Pinto em 1911. Historic mapping produced by Filipe Folque in 1911. Credits CM Lisboa 2017 Use limitations Sem restrições de uso
- Ambiente_DMEVAE. Tags Lisboa Aberta, Biodiversidade, SensingCampolide, Infraestrutura natural. Description Serviço de dados geográfico com indicação do arvoredo, elementos de água, corredor verde e hortas urbanas existentes na cidade de Lisboa. Map service locating trees, fountains and kitchen gardens in Lisbon. Credits CM Lisboa 2021 Use limitations There are no access and use limitations for this item.
- Geodados, Opendata, Planeamento, Planos, Planos de Pormenor, Planos de Urbanização, Planning, Plan, Urban Plan, Detail Plan, PlaneamentoUrbano. Summary: Disponibilizar a delimitação relativa aos Planos de Pormenor e de Urbanização e respectiva informação alfanumérica referente ao seu estado de desenvolvimento. Description: Serviço de mapa relativo à delimitação dos Planos de Pormenor e de Urbanização da cidade de Lisboa. Map service providing the limits of municipal urban and detail plans.Credits: CMLisboa 2021. Use limitations: Cartografia não homologada, não podendo ser utilizada para fins legais. Aplica-se a licença Creative Commons CCZero (http://opendefinition.org/licenses/cc-zero/ accessed 14/11/2021). A reprodução da aplicação é autorizada, devendo ser citados os créditos do autor.
- World Hillshade, available at:
- https://www.arcgis.com/home/item.html?id=1b243539f4514b6ba35e7d995890db1d, accessed 14/11/2021. Credits Sources: Esri, Airbus DS, USGS, NGA, NASA, CGIAR, N Robinson, NCEAS, NLS, OS, NMA, Geodatastyrelsen, Rijkswaterstaat, GSA, Geoland, FEMA, Intermap and the GIS user community. Use limitation: there are no access and use limitations for this item.
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
- Os Elementos Urbanos; Coelho, D. (Ed.) Argumentum: Lisboa, Portugal, 2013; ISBN 978-972-8479-78-7. [Google Scholar]
- Llop, C.; Cervera, M.; Peremiquel, F. IV CONGRESO ISUF-H—PROGRAMA, Forma Urbis y Territorios Metropolitanos. In Metrópolis en Recomposición; Prospectivas Proyectuales En El Siglo XXI, UPC Universidad de Cataluña /Barcelona Tech: Barcelona, Spain.
- Morris, A.E.J. Historia de la Forma Urbana: Desde sus Origenes Hasta la Revolucion Industrial; Gustavo Gili: Barcelona, Spain, 1985; ISBN 978-84-252-1181-2. [Google Scholar]
- Ribeiro, O. Portugal, o Mediterrâneo e o Atlântico; Letra Livre: Lisboa, Portugal, 2021; ISBN 978-989-8268-50-1. [Google Scholar]
- Dematteis, G. Progetto Implicito: Il Contributo Della Geografia Umana Alle Scienze del Territorio; Strumenti Urbanistici; Angeli: Milano, Italy, 1995; ISBN 978-88-204-8987-8. [Google Scholar]
- Regional development studies; Office for Official Publications of the European Communities. The EU Compendium of Spatial Planning Systems and Policies; European Commission, Bernan Associates [distributor]: Lanham, Luxembourg, 1997; ISBN 92-827-9752-2. [Google Scholar]
- Dühr, S.; Colomb, C.; Nadin, V. European Spatial Planning and Territorial Cooperation; Routledge: London, UK, 2010; ISBN 0-203-89529-0. [Google Scholar]
- Forman, R.T.T. Land Mosaics: The Ecology of Landscapes and Regions; Cambridge University Press: Cambridge, UK; New York, NY, USA, 1995; ISBN 978-0-521-47462-7. [Google Scholar]
- Charles Waldheim. The Landscape Urbanism Reader; Princeton Architectural Press: New York, NY, USA, 2012; ISBN 978-1-56898-439-1. [Google Scholar]
- Charles Waldheim. Landscape As Urbanism: A General Theory; Princeton University Press: Princeton, NJ, USA, 2016; ISBN 978-0-691-16790-9. [Google Scholar]
- Aravot, I. Narrative-Myth and Urban Design. J. Archit. Educ. 1995, 49, 79–91. [Google Scholar]
- Andersen, D. Narrative Ethnography; Routledge Handbooks Online: 2020; Available online: https://www.routledgehandbooks.com/doi/10.4324/9780429320927-33 (accessed on 7 December 2022)ISBN 978-0-3637-33634-9.
- Atkinson, R. Losing One’s Place: Narratives of Neighbourhood Change, Market Injustice and Symbolic Displacement. Hous. Theory Soc. 2015, 32, 373–388. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Bondebjerg, I. Documentary and Cognitive Theory: Narrative, Emotion and Memory. Media Commun. 2014, 2, 13–22. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Budowle, R.; Sisneros-Kidd, A.M.; Stefanich, L.; Smutko, L.S. Narratives of Place: Integrated Digital Storytelling and Story-Mapping for Sustainable Recreation Management. J. Park Recreat. Adm. 2022, 40, 154–174. [Google Scholar]
- Carmona, M. Re-Theorising Contemporary Public Space: A New Narrative and a New Normative. J. Urban. Int. Res. Placemaking Urban Sustain. 2015, 8, 373–405. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Abascal, M.; Ganter, F. Know It When You See It? The Qualities of the Communities People Describe as "Diverse" (or Not). City Community 2022, 12, 15356841221108900. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Barrett, T. Storying Bourdieu: Fragments Toward a Bourdieusian Approach to "Life Histories. Int. J. Qual. Methods 2015, 14, 1–10. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Bern, A. Myths and Imaginaries in Architectural Competitions. J. Urban Des. 2022, 28, 114–135. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Morgado, S. Team from Splinters to Parks: 2nd [Urban+ Landscape] Design, International Workshop (Report), Lisbon, 2013: Lisbon, Portugal: Workshop Endorsed by ISOCARP under the Scope of "Bridging Theory and Practice.; ISOCARP—International Society of City and Regional Planners: The Hague, The Netherlands, 2013. [Google Scholar]
- Infopédia Alcântara. Dicionário Infopédia de Toponímia Infopédia—Dicionários Porto Editora. Available online: https://www.infopedia.pt/dicionarios/toponimia/Alc%C3%A2ntara (accessed on 14 November 2022).
- Hincks, S.; Powell, R. Territorial Stigmatisation beyond the City: Habitus, Affordances and Landscapes of Industrial Ruination. Env. Plan A 2022, 54, 1391–1410. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Morgado, S. Protagonismo Da Ausência—Formação Da Lisboa Metropolitana a Partir Do Espaço Desocupado [Transl: Protagonism of Absence—Formation of Metropolitan Lisbon from the Unoccupied Space]; Caleidoscópio: Casal de Cambra, Portugal, 2018; ISBN 978-989-658-541-9. [Google Scholar]
- Campos, M.; de Abreu, J.R.; de Brito, J.M.; Gião, J.d.M.; da Silva, J.S.; Mardel, C. Pareceres Sobre a Materia de Que se Devem Fazer os Canos do Aqueducto das Aguas Livres Desde o Rato até S. Pedro de Alcantara; s.n.: Lisboa, Portugal, 1747; Available online: http://purl.pt/34373 (accessed on 12 December 2022).
- Aqueduto das Águas Livres, Lisboa. Visita Guiada—RTP Play 2018. Available online: https://www.rtp.pt/play/p4530/e376476/visita-guiada (accessed on 5 December 2022).
- Tostões, A. Monsanto, Parque Eduardo VII, Campo Grande: Keil Do Amaral, Arquitecto Dos Espaços Verdes de Lisboa; Edições Salamandra: Lisboa, Portugal, 1992; ISBN 978-972-689-044-7. [Google Scholar]
- CML/Lisbon City Council Evolução do Planeamento Urbano de Lisboa. Available online: https://www.lisboa.pt/cidade/urbanismo/planeamento-urbano/evolucao (accessed on 12 December 2022).
- Morgado, S. Lisboa: Um Território Em Formação; Caleidoscópio: Casal de Cambra, Portugal, 2015; ISBN 978-989-658-164-0. [Google Scholar]
- Portaria n.o 274/77|DRE. Available online: https://dre.pt/ (accessed on 12 December 2022).
- De Andrade, L.; Álvares, A.; da Câmara, M.D.S. Breve Relaçam do Svmptvoso Enterro qve se fes em 17. de Mayo de 1653. ao Serenissimo Principe o S. D. Theodosio, Desde os Paços de Alcantara, ao Real Conuento de Belem, onde foy Depositado; por Antonio Alvarez: Lisboa, Portugal, 1653. [Google Scholar]
- Toponímia de Lisboa A Rua Da Quinta Do Cabrinha e a Fábrica Cabrinha. Available online: https://embed.tumblr.com/widgets/share/button?canonicalUrl=https%3A%2F%2Ftoponimialisboa.wordpress.com%2F2018%2F02%2F22%2Fa-rua-da-quinta-do-cabrinha-e-a-fabrica-cabrinha%2F&postcontent%5Btitle%5D=A%20Rua%20da%20Quinta%20do%20Cabrinha%20e%20a%20F%C3%A1brica%20Cabrinha&postcontent%5Bcontent%5D=https%3A%2F%2Ftoponimialisboa.wordpress.com%2F2018%2F02%2F22%2Fa-rua-da-quinta-do-cabrinha-e-a-fabrica-cabrinha%2F (accessed on 12 December 2022).
- Abreu, J.A. de Planta da real tapada da Ajuda Off. Lith. da Rua Nova dos Martyres: Lisboa. 1849. Available online: https://purl.pt/1668 (accessed on 12 December 2022).
- Em Alta Voz—Filipe Duarte Santos—Geofísico e Professor Universitário. Available online: https://www.tsf.pt/programa/em-alta-voz/emissao/filipe-duarte-santos---geofisico-e-professor-universitario-15493716.html (accessed on 19 December 2022).
- Revista Municipal; Publicação Cultural da C.M.L: Lisboa, Portugal, 1945; pp. 41–46.
- Demaziere, C. Green City Branding or Achieving Sustainable Urban Development? Reflections of Two Winning Cities of the European Green Capital Award: Stockholm and Hamburg. Town Plan. Rev. 2020, 91, 373–396. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Falanga, R.; Verheij, J.; Bina, O. Green(Er) Cities and Their Citizens: Insights from the Participatory Budget of Lisbon. Sustainability 2021, 13, 8243. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Uma Praça em Cada Bairro. Available online: https://www.lisboa.pt/cidade/urbanismo/espaco-publico/uma-praca-em-cada-bairro (accessed on 12 December 2022).
- CML/Lisbon City Council Plano Estratégico de Desenvolvimento Urbano (PEDU). Available online: https://www.lisboa.pt/cidade/urbanismo/planeamento-urbano/teste-outros-estudos-e-planos/plano-estrategico-de-desenvolvimento-urbano (accessed on 11 November 2022).
- CML/Lisbon City Council Energia BIP/ZIP: Programa BIP/ZIP. Available online: https://bipzip.lisboa.pt/conhece-os-bipzip/programa-bipzip/index.htm (accessed on 12 December 2022).
- Assembleia da República Portuguesa, Decreto-Lei n.o 80/2015, de 14 de Maio Aprova A Revisão Do Regime Jurídico Dos Instrumentos De Gestão Territorial (Versão Actualizada). Available online: http://www.pgdlisboa.pt/leis/lei_mostra_articulado.php?nid=2333&tabela=leis&so_miolo= (accessed on 23 November 2021).
- A Estratégia e a Prática do Planeamento Urbanístico em Lisboa 1990–1995; Ferreira, F.; António, S.B.; Jorge, L.; Craveiro, T.M. (Eds.) Câmara Municipal de Lisboa-Direção Municipal de Plaenamento Estratégico de Lisboa: Lisboa, Portugal, 1995. [Google Scholar]
- Finch, J. The Origin of Slum as a Trans-Class Concept. J. Urban Hist. 2022, 00961442221127054. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Laura Massidda, A. Slums, Villas Miseria, and Barriadas: Why Terms Matter. J. Urban Hist. 2022, 00961442221127308. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Manuel Fernandes de Sá Lda; CML/Lisbon City Council. Plano De Urbanização De Alcântara, Proposta De Plano—Setembro; CML/Lisbon City Council: Lisboa, Portugal, 2012; p. 47. [Google Scholar]
- CML/Lisbon City Council Plano Estratégico de Lisboa—PEL—1992. Available online: https://www.abebooks.com/PLANO-ESTRAT%C3%89GICO-LISBOA/30859840553/bd (accessed on 14 November 2022).
- Dias, L.F.; Morgado, S.; Costa, J.P.T.A. Assessing Urban Resilience in the Metropolitan Area of Lisbon: The Case of Alcântara. Resil. Think. Urban Plan. Springer Dordr. 2013, 145–159. [Google Scholar]
- CML/Lisbon City Council Alcântara Nascente—Unidade de Execução. Available online: https://www.lisboa.pt/cidade/urbanismo/planeamento-urbano/unidades-de-execucao/detalhe/alcantara-nascente (accessed on 11 November 2022).
- CML/Lisbon City Council Relatório Da Proposta De Plano Diretor Municipal De Lisboa; CML/Lisbon City Council: Lisboa, Portugal, 2012.
- CML/Lisbon City Council Estratégia de Reabilitação Para Lisboa (ERU)—2011–2024, CML: Lisboa. Available online: https://www.lisboa.pt/fileadmin/cidade_temas/urbanismo/reabilitacao_Urbana/documentos/estrategia_reabilitacao.pdf (accessed on 29 April 2021).
- Assembleia da República Protuguesa, DR Lei n.o 31/2014, de 30 de Maio, Lei De Bases Gerais Da Política Pública De Solos, De Ordenamento Do Território E De Urbanismo (Versão Actualizada). 2014. Available online: https://www.pgdlisboa.pt/leis/lei_mostra_articulado.php?nid=2123&tabela=leis&so_miolo (accessed on 10 December 2022).
- Regime Jurídico dos Instrumentos de Gestão Territorial. Available online: https://dre.pt/legislacao-consolidada/-/lc/105297982/view?p_p_state=maximized (accessed on 21 April 2021).
- National Structures—NUTS—Nomenclature of Territorial Units for Statistics—Eurostat. Available online: https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/web/nuts/national-structures (accessed on 10 December 2022).
- PDM em Vigor. Available online: https://www.lisboa.pt/cidade/urbanismo/planeamento-urbano/plano-diretor-municipal/pdm-em-vigor (accessed on 11 December 2022).
- Aviso n.o 11622/2012|DRE. Available online: https://dre.tretas.org/dre/303385/aviso-11622-2012-de-30-de-agosto (accessed on 11 December 2022).
- Aviso n.o 2026/2015|DRE. Available online: https://dre.pt/dre/detalhe/aviso/2026-2015-66567213 (accessed on 12 December 2022).
- Planta_de_zonamento_28222_2.Jpg (2740 × 4210). Available online: https://ssaigt.dgterritorio.pt/i/Planta_de_zonamento_28222_2.jpg (accessed on 12 December 2022).
- Imo Health—Investimentos Imobiliários, Unip., Lda Proposta de Delimitação Da Unidade de Execução de Alcântara Nascente—Termos de Referência. Available online: https://www.lisboa.pt/fileadmin/cidade_temas/urbanismo/planeamento_urbano/unidades_execucao/alcantara_nascente/uni_exe_alcant_nascente_termos_referencia.pdf (accessed on 11 December 2022).
- Declaração n.o 70/2020|DRE. Available online: https://dre.pt/dre/detalhe/declaracao/70-2020-141967637 (accessed on 11 December 2022).
- Declaração (Extrato) n.o 74/2022|DRE. Available online: https://dre.pt/dre/detalhe/declaracao-extrato/74-2022-182310166 (accessed on 11 December 2022).
- Os_demais_elementos_do_plano_afetados_64354_1106_PZI_Sul.Jpg (6848 × 10522). Available online: https://ssaigt.dgterritorio.pt/i/Os_demais_elementos_do_plano_afetados_64354_1106_PZI_Sul.jpg (accessed on 11 December 2022).
- Martins, A.C. Procissão de Nossa Senhora da Quietação volta às ruas de Alcântara... 150 anos depois; Diário de Notícias: Lisboa, Portugal, 2021. [Google Scholar]
- del Espíritu Santo, C.; de las Llagas, J.; de Araújo, F.; Craesbeeck, P. Relacion de Como se ha Fvndado en Alcantara de Portvgal Ivnto a Lisboa, el Muy Deuoto Monasterio de N. S. de la Quietacion, por la Catholica Magestad del Rey N. S. D. Phelippe II. de Gloriosa Memoria para las Monjas Peregrinas de S. Clara de la Primera Regla; por Pedro Craesbeeck Impressor del Rey: Lisboa, Portugal, 1627. [Google Scholar]
- SIPA/DGPC Mosteiro de Nossa Senhora da Quietação/Mosteiro das Flamengas/Igreja de Nossa Senhora da Quietação IPA.00005940 Portugal, Lisboa, Lisboa, Alcântara. Available online: http://www.monumentos.gov.pt/Site/APP_PagesUser/SIPA.aspx?id=5940 (accessed on 10 December 2021).
- APL. Ordenamento Do Porto de Lisboa: Documento Síntese; Administração do Porto de Lisboa: Lisboa, Portugal, 1995; p. 51. [Google Scholar]
- de Sousa, J.F.; Fernandes, A. Metamorfoses da cidade portuária: Transformações da relação entre o porto e a cidade de Lisboa. Confins. Rev. Fr.-Brésilienne De Géographie/Rev. Fr.-Bras. De Geogr. 2012. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- da Cunha, A. Doca de Alcântara vai Ganhar Nova Vida: Menos Carros e Mais Verde, Devolvendo o Porto de Lisboa à Cidade. Available online: https://amensagem.pt/2022/12/05/doca-de-alcantara-requalificacao-projeto-arquitetura-urbanismo-menos-carros-porto-lisboa/ (accessed on 9 December 2022).
- Group Global Media; TSF. Carlos Correia—Presidente da Administração do Porto de Lisboa; Negócios em Português: Lisboa, Portugal, 2022. [Google Scholar]
- CML/DMPU/DPU Enquadramento. Plano Geral de Intervenções Da Frente Ribeirinha de Lisboa; 2008. Available online: http://www.lisboa.pt/cidade/urbanismo/planeamento-urbano/teste-outros-estudos-e-planos/plano-geral-de-intervencoes-na-frente-ribeirinha. (accessed on 11 November 2022).
- LJ-Group Allo-Alcantara Lisbon Offices. Available online: https://lj-g.com/projects/allo-alcantara-lisbon-offices/ (accessed on 11 November 2022).
- Yagci, E.; Nunes da Silva, F. The Future of Post-Industrial Landscapes in East Lisbon: The Braço de Prata Neighbourhood. Sustainability 2021, 13, 4461. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Falanga, R.; Nunes, M.C. Tackling Urban Disparities through Participatory Culture-Led Urban Regeneration. Insights from Lisbon. Land Use Policy 2021, 108, 105478. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Seixas, J.; Guterres, A.B. Political Evolution in the Lisbon of the Digital Era. Fast Urban Changes, Slow Institutional Restructuring and Growing Civic Pressures. Urban Res. Pract. 2019, 12, 99–110. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
Master Plan for the City (PDM) | Urban Development Plan (PU) | Urban Detail Plan (PP); Urban Design, Housing or Execution Units (EU) | Programs and Related Strategies and Action Plans | |
---|---|---|---|---|
1992 | PEL (Lisbon Strategic Plan) [47] | 1987–1994—Municipal Medium-Term Intervention Programme (PIMP) [28] | ||
1994 | PDM [27] | |||
1995 | UOP (operational planning unit) 18—Alcântara Valley corresponding to an Urban Development Plan (PUA – Plano de urbanização de Lisboa), subdivided into several Urban Detail Plans (PP), including the Casal Ventoso, aiming at housing reconversion and green protection area, including demolition of slum and rehousing at a new neighbourhood under the remit of PER—Avenida de Ceuta(under consideration by the CML, Cf [41] All by Leopoldo de Almeida | National Special Programme for Housing (PER) [45] | ||
1998 | Quinta do Cabrinha Municipal Social Housing Project, under the remit of PER [31,41] | |||
2005 | Alcântara XXI (revoked 2008) [45,53] | |||
2011 | ERU—Strategy for the Urban Rehabilitation [49] | |||
2012 | PDM approval [54] | PUA Alcântara [44] | ||
2015 | PUA approval [55,56] | EU Alcântara Nascente—CUF Hospital [46,57] | ||
2016 | PEDU/Urban Development Strategic Plan [38] | |||
2017 | EU Alcântara Poente—Allo [47] | |||
2020 | PDM Alteration by adaptation [58] | |||
2022 | PUA Alcântara Alteration by adaptation [59,60] |
Municipality 1 | Population Variation 2011–2021 | Households 2011–2021 | Dwellings 2011–2021 | Buildings Variation 2011–2021 |
---|---|---|---|---|
% | % | % | % | |
Lisboa | −1.4 | −1.5 | −2.1 | −5.90 |
Civil Parishes 1 | % | % | ||
Alcântara | −0.80 | 1.3 | −0.8 | −7.8 |
Campo de Ourique | 0.20 | −1.4 | −1.3 | −6.70 |
Campolide | −4.40 | −1.2 | −1.5 | −8.30 |
Estrela | 0.60 | −4.3 | −3.8 | −1.80 |
Disclaimer/Publisher’s Note: The statements, opinions and data contained in all publications are solely those of the individual author(s) and contributor(s) and not of MDPI and/or the editor(s). MDPI and/or the editor(s) disclaim responsibility for any injury to people or property resulting from any ideas, methods, instructions or products referred to in the content. |
© 2023 by the author. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
Share and Cite
Morgado, S. Living on the Edge—Mismatches and Expectations in a Changing Landscape. Land 2023, 12, 386. https://doi.org/10.3390/land12020386
Morgado S. Living on the Edge—Mismatches and Expectations in a Changing Landscape. Land. 2023; 12(2):386. https://doi.org/10.3390/land12020386
Chicago/Turabian StyleMorgado, Sofia. 2023. "Living on the Edge—Mismatches and Expectations in a Changing Landscape" Land 12, no. 2: 386. https://doi.org/10.3390/land12020386
APA StyleMorgado, S. (2023). Living on the Edge—Mismatches and Expectations in a Changing Landscape. Land, 12(2), 386. https://doi.org/10.3390/land12020386