Does the Construction and Operation of High-Speed Rail Improve Urban Land Use Efficiency? Evidence from China
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Mechanism
3. The Construction and Operation Condition of HSR in China
4. Methodology and Data Sources
4.1. Differences in Differences (DID)
4.2. Propensity Score Matching (PSM)
4.3. PSM-DID
4.4. Variables and Data Source
5. Results
5.1. Change Trends of ULUE
5.2. Sample Matching Results
5.3. Regression Results of Entire China
5.4. Regression Results of Regional Heterogeneity
5.5. Robustness Test
6. Discussion
7. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Definition | Mean | Standard Deviation | Minimum | Maximum | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ULUE | See Equation (4) | 6.17 | 4.85 | 0.04 | 60.81 |
period | Year After HSR operation, 1 Year Before HSR operation, 0 | 0.57 | 0.49 | 0 | 1 |
treated | City has HSR, 1 For no HSR, 0 | 0.27 | 0.45 | 0 | 1 |
economic | per capita GDP | 10.61 | 0.71 | 8.14 | 15.68 |
capital | total investment of fixed assets | 14.82 | 1.27 | 18.81 | 5.71 |
labor | the sum of employment in the secondary and tertiary industries | 2.79 | 0.32 | 6.71 | 1.02 |
urbanization | the proportion of the population of the city district in the total population | 0.35 | 0.24 | 1 | 0.21 |
policy | the proportion of local fiscal expenditure to GDP | 0.27 | 0.16 | 0.11 | 3.58 |
Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 3 | |
---|---|---|---|
0.86 *** (0.22) | 1.29 *** (0.28 | 1.70 *** (0.28) | |
economic | 2.25 *** (0.12) | 1.87 *** (0.14) | 1.21 *** (0.15) |
capital | 0.62 *** (0.08) | 0.29 ** (0.09) | −0.14 (0.10) |
labor | −0.17 (0.14) | 0.37 * (0.15) | 0.45 ** (0.20) |
urbanization | 8.96 *** (0.48) | 6.77 *** (0.58) | 8.13 *** (0.74) |
policy | −1.25 *** (0.27) | −1.32 ** (0.29) | −1.20 *** (0.29) |
R2 | 0.46 | 0.56 | 0.58 |
Geographic Location | Level and Scale | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Model 4 | Model 5 | Model 6 | Model 7 | Model 8 | Model 9 | |
1.82 *** (0.55) | 1.05 *** (0.33) | 0.31 (0.75) | 2.53 *** (0.73) | 0.52 (0.68) | 0.54 (0.37) | |
economic | 1.57 *** (0.40) | 1.91 *** (0.22) | 0.95 *** (0.15) | 1.24 ** (0.60) | 0.58 *** (0.19) | 2.10 *** (0.16) |
capital | −0.37 (0.36) | 0.17 (0.15) | −0.07 (0.09) | −1.26 *** (0.48) | 0.25 ** (0.12) | −0.04 (0.10) |
labor | −0.79 (0.48) | 1.25 *** (0.24) | 0.19 (0.25) | −0.61 (0.56) | 1.55 *** (0.34) | 0.63 *** (0.18) |
urbanization | 10.08 *** (1.26) | 4.74 *** (1.06) | 4.98 *** (1.60) | 10.85 *** (1.25) | −0.97 (2.011) | 0.46 (1.09) |
policy | −1.37 *** (1.27) | −1.48 *** (0.40) | −1.16 *** (0.23) | 0.02 (0.66) | −1.57 ** (0.68) | −1.11 *** (0.27) |
R2 | 0.57 | 0.70 | 0.67 | 0.61 | 0.67 | 0.66 |
2012 | 2013 | 2014 | 2015 | 2016 | 2017 | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1.18 *** (0.21) | 1.14 *** (0.19) | 1.10 *** (0.18) | 1.20 *** (0.19) | 1.29 *** (0.21) | 1.20 *** (0.28) | |
economic | 1.18 *** (0.15) | 1.22 *** (0.15) | 1.17 *** (0.15) | 1.16 *** (0.15) | 1.18 *** (0.15) | 1.21 *** (0.15) |
capital | −0.15 (0.10) | −0.16 (0.10) | −0.15 (0.10) | −0.15 (0.10) | −0.15 (0.10) | −0.15 (0.10) |
labor | 0.45 ** (0.20) | 0.44 ** (0.19) | 0.42 ** (0.20) | 0.10 ** (0.20) | 0.40 ** (0.20) | 0.43 ** (0.20) |
urbanization | 8.07 *** (0.74) | 8.07 *** (0.74) | 7.99 *** (0.74) | 8.09 *** (0.74) | 8.24 *** (0.74) | 8.27 *** (0.74) |
policy | −1.20 *** (0.29) | −1.22 *** (0.29) | −1.23 *** (0.29) | −1.22 *** (0.29) | −1.22 *** (0.29) | −1.20 *** (0.29) |
R2 | 0.58 | 0.58 | 0.58 | 0.58 | 0.58 | 0.58 |
Counterfactual Test | |
---|---|
−1.70 (0.28) | |
Control variables | Yes |
R2 | 0.58 |
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Lu, X.; Tang, Y.; Ke, S. Does the Construction and Operation of High-Speed Rail Improve Urban Land Use Efficiency? Evidence from China. Land 2021, 10, 303. https://doi.org/10.3390/land10030303
Lu X, Tang Y, Ke S. Does the Construction and Operation of High-Speed Rail Improve Urban Land Use Efficiency? Evidence from China. Land. 2021; 10(3):303. https://doi.org/10.3390/land10030303
Chicago/Turabian StyleLu, Xinhai, Yifeng Tang, and Shangan Ke. 2021. "Does the Construction and Operation of High-Speed Rail Improve Urban Land Use Efficiency? Evidence from China" Land 10, no. 3: 303. https://doi.org/10.3390/land10030303
APA StyleLu, X., Tang, Y., & Ke, S. (2021). Does the Construction and Operation of High-Speed Rail Improve Urban Land Use Efficiency? Evidence from China. Land, 10(3), 303. https://doi.org/10.3390/land10030303