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This is an early access version, the complete PDF, HTML, and XML versions will be available soon.
Article

Sustainable Bioremediation of Lipid-Rich Wastewater Using a Lipase from Penicillium rubens LBM 081

by
Laura Ester Ortellado
1,2,*,†,
Alan Rolando Ayala Schimpf
1,2,†,
Silvana Florencia Benítez
1,2,
Laura Lidia Villalba
1,
Pedro Darío Zapata
1,2 and
María Isabel Fonseca
1,2
1
Laboratorio de Biotecnología Molecular, Instituto de Biotecnología de Misiones “Dra. Maria Ebe Reca” (InBioMis), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Químicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Misiones, Posadas 3300, Misiones, Argentina
2
Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires C1425FQB, Argentina
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
†
These authors contributed equally to this work.
Water 2025, 17(10), 1509; https://doi.org/10.3390/w17101509
Submission received: 27 March 2025 / Revised: 8 May 2025 / Accepted: 14 May 2025 / Published: 16 May 2025
(This article belongs to the Section Wastewater Treatment and Reuse)
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Abstract

The improper discharge of wastewater has increased the presence of pollutants, among which lipids are particularly problematic. These compounds form oily layers that hinder oxygen transfer and sunlight penetration, negatively impacting aquatic ecosystems. Conventional methods for treating such effluents are often costly and environmentally unfriendly. In this context, bioremediation using lipases, such as those produced by Penicillium rubens LBM 081, represents an effective and sustainable alternative. This study evaluated the biotechnological potential of the lipase from P. rubens LBM 081 for the hydrolysis of lipid-rich wastewater. Lipase activity was influenced by the carbon and nitrogen sources in the culture medium, reaching maximum activity (2780 U mL⁻1) under optimal conditions of 2% meat peptone, 4% olive oil, a spore concentration of 1 × 106, incubation at 30 °C, and agitation at 140 rpm. The optimized enzymatic supernatant significantly reduced COD, oils, and total fats in the effluents. Furthermore, GC-MS analysis revealed a significant increase in free fatty acids, confirming triglyceride hydrolysis. These results highlight the potential of P. rubens LBM 081 lipase as an effective and environmentally sustainable biotechnological alternative for the treatment of lipid-rich wastewater.
Keywords: fungal lipase; enzymatic bioremediation; lipid-rich wastewater treatment; fat and oil removal fungal lipase; enzymatic bioremediation; lipid-rich wastewater treatment; fat and oil removal
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MDPI and ACS Style

Ortellado, L.E.; Schimpf, A.R.A.; Benítez, S.F.; Villalba, L.L.; Zapata, P.D.; Fonseca, M.I. Sustainable Bioremediation of Lipid-Rich Wastewater Using a Lipase from Penicillium rubens LBM 081. Water 2025, 17, 1509. https://doi.org/10.3390/w17101509

AMA Style

Ortellado LE, Schimpf ARA, Benítez SF, Villalba LL, Zapata PD, Fonseca MI. Sustainable Bioremediation of Lipid-Rich Wastewater Using a Lipase from Penicillium rubens LBM 081. Water. 2025; 17(10):1509. https://doi.org/10.3390/w17101509

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ortellado, Laura Ester, Alan Rolando Ayala Schimpf, Silvana Florencia Benítez, Laura Lidia Villalba, Pedro Darío Zapata, and María Isabel Fonseca. 2025. "Sustainable Bioremediation of Lipid-Rich Wastewater Using a Lipase from Penicillium rubens LBM 081" Water 17, no. 10: 1509. https://doi.org/10.3390/w17101509

APA Style

Ortellado, L. E., Schimpf, A. R. A., Benítez, S. F., Villalba, L. L., Zapata, P. D., & Fonseca, M. I. (2025). Sustainable Bioremediation of Lipid-Rich Wastewater Using a Lipase from Penicillium rubens LBM 081. Water, 17(10), 1509. https://doi.org/10.3390/w17101509

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