Silencing of PARP2 Blocks Autophagic Degradation
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. Material and Methods
2.1. Chemicals
2.2. Cell Culture
2.3. Transient Transfection
2.4. Immunofluorescence and Confocal Microscopy
2.5. LysoTracker Deep Red Staining
2.6. SDS-PAGE and Western Blotting
2.7. Total RNA Preparation, Reverse Transcription-coupled quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR)
2.8. Electron Microscopy (EM)
2.9. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Silencing of PARP2 Induces Autophagy in C2C12 Cells
3.2. Induction of Autophagy Depends on the Induction of SIRT1 and the Inhibition of AMPK
3.3. The Number of LC3-Positive Vesicles Increase in Primary Murine Embryonic Fibroblasts Upon the Genetic Deletion of PARP2
3.4. The Activity of PARP2 Plays Role in Mediating Autophagy
3.5. Silencing of PARP2 Affects the Differentiation of C2C12 Myoblasts
4. Discussion
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
Data Availability
References
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Chemical | Company | Catalog Number | Concentration | Length of Treatment |
---|---|---|---|---|
chloroquine | Sigma-Aldrich | C6628 | 25 µM | 2 h |
AICAR | Santa Cruz BT | sc-200659A | 1 mM | 24 h |
rapamycin | Cayman Chemical | 13346 | 20 nM | 24 h |
olaparib | Selleckchem | S1060 | 1 µM | 24 h |
NR | ChromaDex | - | 500 µM | 24 h |
resveratrol | Sigma-Aldrich | R5010 | 50 µM | 24 h |
EX-527 | Selleckchem | S1541 | 25 µM | 24 h |
PJ34 | Sigma-Aldrich | P4365 | 3 µM | 24 h |
Antibody | Company | Dilution |
---|---|---|
LC3A/B Alexa Fluor 488 Conjugate | Cell Signaling Technology, 13082 | 1:50 |
LC3A/B | Cell Signaling Technology, 12741 | 1:1000 |
PARP2 | Enzo Life Sciences, ALX-210-899-R100 | 1:2000 |
SIRT1 | EMD Millipore, 07-131 | 1:1000 |
AMPKα | Cell Signaling Technology, 5832 | 1:1000 |
Phospho-AMPKα (Thr172) | Cell Signaling Technology, 2535 | 1:1000 |
p70 S6 Kinase | Sigma-Aldrich, SAB4502691 | 1:1000 |
Phospho-p70 S6 Kinase (Thr389) | Cell Signaling Technology, 9205 | 1:1000 |
Akt | Cell Signaling Technology, 9272 | 1:1000 |
Phospho-Akt (Ser473) | Cell Signaling Technology, 4060 | 1:1000 |
Poly(ADP-ribose) | Enzo Life Sciences, BML-SA216-0100 | 1:1000 |
Anti-mouse IgG, HRP-linked | Sigma-Aldrich, A9044 | 1:2000 |
Anti-rabbit IgG, HRP-linked | Cell Signaling Technology, 7074 | 1:2000 |
Anti-β-actin-Peroxidase | Sigma-Aldrich, A3854 | 1:20,000 |
Gene Name | Forward Primer | Reverse Primer |
---|---|---|
Myf5 | GACACAGCTTCCCTCTCTCCAG | ACGTATTCTGCCCAGCTTGTCT |
MyoD1 | GCTTTGAGAGATCGACTGCAGC | TGTCCTTTCTTTGGGGCTGGAT |
Mef2a | CTCCCCGTGATAGAATGACCCC | GGTCACTGCCATCATAGGAGCT |
Mef2d | GTGTTTACAAGGGATCAGCGCC | AGAGCTCCAAATGTGAAGCCCT |
Mef2c | ACGATTCAGTAGGTCACAGCCC | CTGTTATGGCTGGACACTGGGA |
cyclophilin | TGGAGAGCACCAAGACAGACA | TGCCGGAGTCGACAATGAT |
36B4 | AGATTCGGGATATGCTGTTGG | AAAGCCTGGAAGAAGGAGGTC |
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Jankó, L.; Sári, Z.; Kovács, T.; Kis, G.; Szántó, M.; Antal, M.; Juhász, G.; Bai, P. Silencing of PARP2 Blocks Autophagic Degradation. Cells 2020, 9, 380. https://doi.org/10.3390/cells9020380
Jankó L, Sári Z, Kovács T, Kis G, Szántó M, Antal M, Juhász G, Bai P. Silencing of PARP2 Blocks Autophagic Degradation. Cells. 2020; 9(2):380. https://doi.org/10.3390/cells9020380
Chicago/Turabian StyleJankó, Laura, Zsanett Sári, Tünde Kovács, Gréta Kis, Magdolna Szántó, Miklós Antal, Gábor Juhász, and Péter Bai. 2020. "Silencing of PARP2 Blocks Autophagic Degradation" Cells 9, no. 2: 380. https://doi.org/10.3390/cells9020380
APA StyleJankó, L., Sári, Z., Kovács, T., Kis, G., Szántó, M., Antal, M., Juhász, G., & Bai, P. (2020). Silencing of PARP2 Blocks Autophagic Degradation. Cells, 9(2), 380. https://doi.org/10.3390/cells9020380