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Volume 11
Issue 2
10.3390/catal11020247
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Article

Characterization of the Evolution of Noble Metal Particles in a Commercial Three-Way Catalyst: Correlation between Real and Simulated Ageing

by
Mattia Giuliano
1,2,*,
Maria Carmen Valsania
1,
Pierfrancesco Ticali
1,
Enrico Sartoretti
3,
Sara Morandi
1,
Samir Bensaid
3,
Gabriele Ricchiardi
1 and
Mauro Sgroi
2
1
Department of Chemistry, NIS and INSTM Reference Centre, University of Torino, Via G. Quarello 15, I-10135 and Via P. Giuria 7, I-10125 Torino, Italy
2
Batteries & Aftertreatment, E/E & Multifunctional Materials, Materials Engineering Methods & Tools, Fiat Research Center, Strada Torino 50, 10043 Orbassano, Italy
3
Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24, 10129 Turin, Italy
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Catalysts 2021, 11(2), 247; https://doi.org/10.3390/catal11020247
Submission received: 7 January 2021 / Revised: 7 February 2021 / Accepted: 9 February 2021 / Published: 12 February 2021
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Present Challenges in Catalytic Emission Control for Internal Combustion Engines)
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Abstract

Ageing of automotive catalysts is associated to a loss of their functionality and ultimately to a waste of precious resources. For this reason, understanding catalyst ageing phenomena is necessary for the design of long lasting efficient catalysts. The present work has the purpose of studying in depth all the phenomena that occur during ageing, in terms of morphological modification and deactivation of the active materials: precious metal particles and oxidic support. The topic was deeply investigated using specific methodologies (FT-IR, CO chemisorption, FE-SEM) in order to understand the behavior of metals and support, in terms of their surface properties, morphology and dispersion in the washcoat material. A series of commercial catalysts, aged in different conditions, have been analyzed, in order to find correlations between real and simulated ageing conditions. The characterization highlights a series of phenomena linked to the deactivation of the catalysts. Pd nanoparticles undergo a rapid agglomeration, exhibiting a quick loss of dispersion and of active sites with an increase of particles size. The evolution of the support allows highlighting also the contribution of chemical ageing effects. These results were also correlated with performance tests executed on synthetic gas bench, underlining a good correspondence between vehicle and laboratory aged samples and the contribution of chemical poisoning to vehicle aged ones. The collected data are crucial for the development of accelerated laboratory ageing protocols, which are instrumental for the development and testing of long lasting abatement systems.
Keywords: washcoat; sintering; ageing; chemisorption; FT-IR washcoat; sintering; ageing; chemisorption; FT-IR

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MDPI and ACS Style

Giuliano, M.; Valsania, M.C.; Ticali, P.; Sartoretti, E.; Morandi, S.; Bensaid, S.; Ricchiardi, G.; Sgroi, M. Characterization of the Evolution of Noble Metal Particles in a Commercial Three-Way Catalyst: Correlation between Real and Simulated Ageing. Catalysts 2021, 11, 247. https://doi.org/10.3390/catal11020247

AMA Style

Giuliano M, Valsania MC, Ticali P, Sartoretti E, Morandi S, Bensaid S, Ricchiardi G, Sgroi M. Characterization of the Evolution of Noble Metal Particles in a Commercial Three-Way Catalyst: Correlation between Real and Simulated Ageing. Catalysts. 2021; 11(2):247. https://doi.org/10.3390/catal11020247

Chicago/Turabian Style

Giuliano, Mattia, Maria Carmen Valsania, Pierfrancesco Ticali, Enrico Sartoretti, Sara Morandi, Samir Bensaid, Gabriele Ricchiardi, and Mauro Sgroi. 2021. "Characterization of the Evolution of Noble Metal Particles in a Commercial Three-Way Catalyst: Correlation between Real and Simulated Ageing" Catalysts 11, no. 2: 247. https://doi.org/10.3390/catal11020247

APA Style

Giuliano, M., Valsania, M. C., Ticali, P., Sartoretti, E., Morandi, S., Bensaid, S., Ricchiardi, G., & Sgroi, M. (2021). Characterization of the Evolution of Noble Metal Particles in a Commercial Three-Way Catalyst: Correlation between Real and Simulated Ageing. Catalysts, 11(2), 247. https://doi.org/10.3390/catal11020247

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