Low-Cost Synthesis of Cu-Modified Immobilized Nanoporous TiO2 for Photocatalytic Degradation of 1H-Benzotriazole
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results and Discussion
2.1. Photocatalytic Activity
2.2. Structural Properties
2.2.1. Grazing Incidence X-ray Diffraction (GIXRD) Results
2.2.2. Raman Spectroscopy Results
2.2.3. High-Resolution Scanning Electron Microscopy Results
3. Materials and Methods
3.1. Catalyst Preparation
3.2. Catalyst Characterization
3.2.1. Photocatalytic Activity Tests
3.2.1.1. Photoreactor Setup
3.2.1.2. Analyses
3.2.2. Grazing Incidence X-ray Diffraction (GIXRD) Analysis
3.2.3. Raman Spectroscopy
3.2.4. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Energy-Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDS)
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Mark | Full Sample Name | Preparation Method | Copper Source | k (BT)/h−1 | k (MB)/h−1 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
A1 | NEA TiO2 | Anodization | / | 0.079 | 0.113 |
A2 | NP TiO2 | Anodization and annealing | / | 0.141 | 0.198 |
B1 | HT_NP_TiO2_oCu_0.025 M | Hydrothermal synthesis | Cu(acac)2 | 0.130 | 0.161 |
B2 | HT_NP_TiO2_Cu_0.025 M | Hydrothermal synthesis | Cu(NO3)2 | 0.248 | 0.365 |
C1 | ED_NP_TiO2_oCu_0.05M_5 min | Electrodeposition | Cu(acac)2 | 0.194 | 0.302 |
C2 | ED_NP_TiO2_Cu_0.05M_5 min | Electrodeposition | Cu(NO3)2 | 0.185 | 0.276 |
D1 | NP_TiO2_sCu_g_10V_20 min | Anodization with Cu source | Cu(acac)2 | 0.031 | 0.047 |
D2 | NP_TiO2_sCu_g_20V_20 min | Anodization with Cu source | Cu(NO3)2 | 0.185 | 0.272 |
D3 | NP_TiO2_sCu_g_30V_20min | Anodization with Cu source | Cu(NO3)2 | 0.164 | 0.225 |
E | SC_NP_TiO2_Cu_0.250 M | Spin coating | Cu(NO3)2 | 0.094 | 0.140 |
F1 | 0.0625 M | Spin coating | Cu(acac)2 | 0.150 | 0.198 |
F2 | 0.125 M | Spin coating | Cu(acac)2 | 0.275 | 0.375 |
F3s | 0.250 M | Spin coating | Cu(acac)2 | 0.273 | 0.379 |
F3 | 0.250 M | Spin coating | Cu(acac)2 | 0.316 | 0.510 |
F4 | 0.500 M | Spin coating | Cu(acac)2 | 0.480 | 0.556 |
Mark | Sample | Pollutant (i) | ka,i, mg dm−3 min−1 | Average R2 |
---|---|---|---|---|
A2 | NP TiO2 | BT | 1.05 ± 0.02 (0.17 ± 0.00 *) | 0.9805 |
MB | 0.60 ± 0.01 | |||
MB (low C0) | 5.00 ± 0.03 | |||
F1 | 0.0625 M | BT | 0.55 ± 0.00 | 0.9645 |
F2 | 0.125 M | BT | 1.32 ± 0.02 | 0.9913 |
F3s | 0.250 M | BT | 0.35 ± 0.00 | 0.9543 |
F3 | 0.250 M | BT | 1.45 ± 0.02 | 0.9778 |
F4 | 0.500 M | BT | 1.70 ± 0.04 (0.36 ± 0.00 *) | 0.9861 |
MB | 0.61 ± 0.01 | |||
MB (low C0) | 2.40 ± 0.01 |
Sample | Ti K (at.%) | O K (at.%) | Cu K (at.%) |
---|---|---|---|
NP TiO2 | 32.53 | 67.47 | 0 |
0.0625 M | 32.26 | 66.98 | 0.76 |
0.125 M | 35.45 | 62.96 | 1.59 |
0.250 M | 31.36 | 66.61 | 2.03 |
0.500 M | 31.83 | 65.92 | 2.25 |
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Čižmar, T.; Panžić, I.; Salamon, K.; Grčić, I.; Radetić, L.; Marčec, J.; Gajović, A. Low-Cost Synthesis of Cu-Modified Immobilized Nanoporous TiO2 for Photocatalytic Degradation of 1H-Benzotriazole. Catalysts 2020, 10, 19. https://doi.org/10.3390/catal10010019
Čižmar T, Panžić I, Salamon K, Grčić I, Radetić L, Marčec J, Gajović A. Low-Cost Synthesis of Cu-Modified Immobilized Nanoporous TiO2 for Photocatalytic Degradation of 1H-Benzotriazole. Catalysts. 2020; 10(1):19. https://doi.org/10.3390/catal10010019
Chicago/Turabian StyleČižmar, Tihana, Ivana Panžić, Krešimir Salamon, Ivana Grčić, Lucija Radetić, Jan Marčec, and Andreja Gajović. 2020. "Low-Cost Synthesis of Cu-Modified Immobilized Nanoporous TiO2 for Photocatalytic Degradation of 1H-Benzotriazole" Catalysts 10, no. 1: 19. https://doi.org/10.3390/catal10010019