A Preparatory Virtual Reality Experience Reduces Anxiety before Surgery in Gynecologic Oncology Patients: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Abstract
:Simple Summary
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Design
2.2. Participants
2.3. Procedure
2.4. Virtual Reality Intervention
2.5. Assessment Tool
2.6. Statistics
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Characteristic | Overall | VR Intervention Group 1 | Care as Usual Group 2 |
---|---|---|---|
Number of patients | 67 | 34 (50.7%) 1 | 33 (49.3%) 1 |
Age, y | 57.0 ± 13.9 [5] | 54.0 ± 15.4 [3] | 60.0 ± 11.7 [2] |
Suspected cancer | [4] | [2] | [2] |
Ovarian | 26 (41.3%) | 14 (43.8%) | 12 (38.7%) |
Uterine | 26 (41.3%) | 12 (37.5%) | 14 (45.2%) |
Vulva | 6 (9.5%) | 2 (6.3%) | 4 (12.9%) |
Cervical | 2 (3.2%) | 1 (3.1%) | 1 (3.2%) |
Benign | 3 (4.8%) | 3 (9.4%) | 0 |
Procedure type | [5] | [2] | [3] |
Laparoscopy | 37 (59.7%) | 17 (53.1%) | 20 (66.7%) |
Laparotomy | 16 (25.8%) | 11 (34.4%) | 5 (16.7%) |
Other | 9 (14.5%) | 4 (12.5%) | 5 (16.7%) |
Outcome | Overall (n = 67) | VR Intervention Group 1 (n = 34) | Care as Usual Group 2 (n = 33) | p 3 |
---|---|---|---|---|
Outpatient visit | ||||
Baseline anxiety 1 (T0) | 4 (2–5) | 3 (2–5) | 4 (2–5) | 0.783 |
Anxiety 1 after VR/CAU (T1) | 3 (2–4) | 2.5 (2–4) | 4 (2–5) | 0.043 |
p 2 T1 vs. T0 | 0.002 | <0.001 | >0.999 | |
ΔT1 − T0 | 0 (0–0) | 0 (−1–0) | 0 (0–0) | <0.001 |
Time interval | ||||
Time until procedure, d | 35 (15–53) | 34 (14–65.75) | 35 (16.5–45.5) | 0.758 |
Day of surgery | ||||
Anxiety 1 before surgery (T2) | 3 (2–4) | 2 (2–3) | 4 (3–5) | <0.001 |
p 2 T2 vs. T0 | 0.085 | <0.001 | 0.064 | |
p 2 T2 vs. T1 | 0.763 | 0.026 | 0.076 | |
ΔT2 − T0 | 0 (−1–1) | −1 (−2–0) | 0 (0–1) | <0.001 |
ΔT2 − T1 | 0 (−1–1) | 0 (−1–0) | 0 (0–1) | 0.004 |
Independent Variables | Dependent Variable: ΔT2 − T0 [8] p |
---|---|
Age [5] | 0.185 |
Time until surgical procedure | 0.438 |
Type of procedure [5] | 0.335 |
Virtual reality intervention | 0.001 |
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Schmid, B.C.; Marsland, D.; Jacobs, E.; Rezniczek, G.A. A Preparatory Virtual Reality Experience Reduces Anxiety before Surgery in Gynecologic Oncology Patients: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Cancers 2024, 16, 1913. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers16101913
Schmid BC, Marsland D, Jacobs E, Rezniczek GA. A Preparatory Virtual Reality Experience Reduces Anxiety before Surgery in Gynecologic Oncology Patients: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Cancers. 2024; 16(10):1913. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers16101913
Chicago/Turabian StyleSchmid, Bernd C., Dominic Marsland, Eilish Jacobs, and Günther A. Rezniczek. 2024. "A Preparatory Virtual Reality Experience Reduces Anxiety before Surgery in Gynecologic Oncology Patients: A Randomized Controlled Trial" Cancers 16, no. 10: 1913. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers16101913
APA StyleSchmid, B. C., Marsland, D., Jacobs, E., & Rezniczek, G. A. (2024). A Preparatory Virtual Reality Experience Reduces Anxiety before Surgery in Gynecologic Oncology Patients: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Cancers, 16(10), 1913. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers16101913