Analysis of Sports Supplement Consumption in 1688 Federated Road Cyclists
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Type of Study
2.2. Participants and Sample Size
2.3. Instruments
2.4. Procedure
2.5. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. General Aspects of SS Consumption
3.2. Main Reasons for the Consumption of SS
3.3. Purchase Locations for SS
3.4. Advisors or Sources of Information for SS Consumption
3.5. Number of SS Consumed
3.6. Most Consumed SS
4. Discussion
4.1. General Aspects of SS Consumption
4.2. Main Reasons for the Consumption of SS
4.3. Purchase Locations for SS
4.4. Advisors or Sources of Information for SS Consumption
4.5. Number of SS Consumed
4.6. Most Frequently Consumed SS
4.7. Limitations, and Future Perspectives
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Category | Age (Years) | Height (cm) | Weight (kg) | Years Licensed | Weekly Training Days | Daily Training Hours | N° Competitions in the Season |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Total (n = 1688) | 36.4 ± 4.5 | 172.1 ± 6.8 | 65.5 ± 7.3 | 6.4 ± 2.6 | 4.5 ± 0.8 | 4.3 ± 0.8 | 7.8 ± 0.1 |
Sub-23 (n = 150) | 20.5± 1.1 | 173.5 ± 7.1 | 64.0 ± 6.8 | 4.7 ± 2.2 | 4.7 ± 0.6 | 4.8 ± 0.9 | 5.3 ± 0.1 |
Elite (n = 258) | 29.9 ± 4.1 | 172.4 ± 6.6 | 62.6 ± 6.7 | 5.9 ± 2.8 | 4.8 ± 0.8 | 5.3 ± 0.9 | 6.3 ± 0.1 |
Master-30 (n = 314) | 34.6 ± 3.0 | 172.7 ± 6.9 | 64.9 ± 7.9 | 5.3 ± 2.8 | 4.5 ± 0.8 | 4.4 ± 0.8 | 7.3 ± 0.1 |
Master-40 (n = 342) | 44.6 ± 2.9 | 173.4 ± 7.1 | 67.7 ± 7.4 | 7.1 ± 3.2 | 4.3 ± 0.8 | 3.9 ± 1.0 | 8.3 ± 0.1 |
Master-50 (n = 317) | 54.6 ± 2.8 | 166.1 ± 5.8 | 64.2 ± 5.4 | 9.5 ± 1.5 | 4.0 ± 0.7 | 3.3 ± 0.9 | 9.3 ± 0.1 |
Cyclotourist (n = 307) | 34.4 ± 13.6 | 174.8 ±7.6 | 69.8 ± 9.4 | 6.1 ± 2.9 | 4.5 ± 1.1 | 4.3 ± 0.1 | 10.3 ± 0.1 |
SS Group by Level of Evidence (AIS) | Total (n = 1055) | S-23 (n = 99) | Elite (n = 195) | M-30 (n = 182) | M-40 (n = 174) | M-50 (n = 176) | Cyclotourist (n = 229) | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Group A | Sports Foods | 4.2 ± 1.5 | 3.6 ± 2.2 ab | 5.6 ± 1.7 acdef | 4.1 ± 1.1 bcg | 4.4 ± 1.4 dh | 4.1 ± 0.9 ei | 3.2 ± 2.0 fghi |
Medical Supplement | 0.7 + 1.7 | 0.7 ± 0.1 abcd | 1.9 ± 1.3 aefg | 1.6 ± 1.1 bhij | 1.3 ± 1.2 ceh | 1.3 ± 1.1 dfik | 0.9 ± 1.1 gjk | |
Performance Supplement | 1.5 ± 1.2 | 1.3 ± 1.2 a | 1.9 ± 1.5 abc | 1.6 ± 1.3 de | 1.7 ± 1.3 fg | 0.9 ± 0.7 bdf | 1.0 ± 1.4 ceg | |
Total of Group A | 6.9 ± 3.2 | 5.6 ± 4.0 abc | 9.4 ± 4.1 adefg | 7.5 ± 2.9 bdhi | 7.4 ± 3.0 cejk | 6.2 ± 2.1 fhjl | 5.2 ± 3.8 gikl | |
Group B | 0.9 ± 0.9 | 1.2 ± 0.9 abc | 1.3 ± 1.2 defg | 0.7 ± 1.1 d | 0.8 ± 0.8 e | 0.7 ± 0.8 f | 0.6 ± 0.9 g | |
Group C | 3.4 ± 3.7 | 3.8 ± 4.3 a | 4.9 ± 4.8 bcd | 4.2 ± 4.7 fg | 3.2 ± 3.3 h | 1.6 ± 1.7 acfhi | 2.9 ± 3.7 dgi | |
Group D | 0.3 ± 0.7 | 0.3 ± 0.7 ab | 0.7 ± 1.2 acdef | 0.4 ± 0.9 cgh | 0.3 ± 0.7 di | 0.1 ± 0.1 begij | 0.1 ± 0.5 afhj | |
Total of Supplements | 12.2 ± 8.6 | 10.9 ± 8.9 a | 16.4 ± 10.3 abcde | 12.8 ± 8.9 bfg | 11.8 ± 6.9 chi | 8.5 ± 4.1 dfh | 8.9 ± 7.9 egi |
Total | S-23 | Elite | M-30 | M-40 | M-50 | Cyclotourist | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
(n = 1688) | (n = 150) | (n = 258) | (n = 314) | (n = 342) | (n = 317) | (n = 307) | |
Yes | 23.3 | 27.3 | 33.3 | 22.9 | 21.1 | 21.5 | 17.6 |
No | 75.1 | 72.7 | 66.7 | 76.4 | 76.0 | 77.0 | 78.8 |
DK/NR | 1.7 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.6 | 2.9 | 1.6 | 3.6 |
Supplements | Total (n = 1055) | S-23 (n = 99) | Elite (n = 195) | M-30 (n = 182) | M-40 (n = 174) | M-50 (n = 176) | Cyclotourist (n = 229) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Sports Gels | 94 | 96 a | 95.9 b | 99.5 c | 99.4 d | 99.4 e | 78.5 abcde |
Sports Bars | 89.3 | 64.6 abcde | 99.5 af | 96.7 bg | 98.3 ch | 97.2 di | 72.8 efghi |
Sports Drinks | 73.8 | 51.5 abcde | 92.8 afgh | 92.3 bijk | 65.5 cfilm | 78.4 dgjln | 55.7 ehkmn |
MMS * | 67.2 | 61.6 abcde | 85.6 afgh | 43.4 bfijk | 76.4 cgilm | 87.5 djln | 50.4 ehkmn |
Vitamin Complex | 59.4 | 20.2 abcde | 85.6 afghi | 91.8 bfjkl | 27 cgjmn | 61.9 dhkm | 51.3 eiln |
BCAA ** | 58.2 | 54.5 abcde | 75.4 afghi | 70.9 bfjkl | 59.2 cgjmn | 48.3 dhkmo | 42.1 eilno |
Caffeine | 57.9 | 55.6 abcd | 68.7 aefg | 61 behi | 71.8 chjk | 59.1 fjl | 36 dgikl |
Electrolytes | 51.8 | 45 abcde | 79.5 afghi | 58.2 bfjk | 54.6 cglm | 34.7 dhjl | 36.8 eikm |
Vitamin C | 41 | 36.4 abcde | 62.1 afghi | 22.5 bfjkl | 52.9 cgjm | 44.9 dhk | 28.1 eilm |
Iron | 35.5 | 29.3 abcde | 43.1 afg | 40.7 bh | 38.5 ci | 40.3 dj | 21.5 eghij |
Nitrate | 28.6 | 37.4 abc | 42.1 adef | 41.2 ghi | 33.9 dgjk | 6.3 behjl | 16.7 cfikl |
Hydrolysate Casein | 25.5 | 28 abcde | 34.9 afgh | 40.1 bfijk | 33.3 cilm | 5.7 dgjln | 14 ehkmn |
Beta-Alanine | 24.2 | 32.3 abcd | 41.5 aefgh | 30.2 beijk | 24.1 film | 2.8 cgjln | 17.5 dhkmn |
Probiotics | 23.9 | 21.2 abcd | 34.9 aefgh | 25.8 beij | 13.8 cfik | 29.5 dgkl | 17.5 hjl |
Creatine Monohydrate | 23.5 | 0 abcde | 32.8 afghi | 20.3 bfj | 40.2 cgjkl | 17.6 dhk | 20.2 eil |
Mineral Complex | 22.5 | 26.3 abcdh | 39.5 aefg | 28.6 eijk | 21.3 bfilm | 8.5 cgjln | 13.2 dhkmn |
Spirulina | 22.2 | 26.3 abcd | 27.7 efgh | 33.5 aeij | 34.5 bfkl | 9.7 cgik | 7 dhjl |
Melatonin | 20.9 | 18.2 abcd | 23.6 aef | 19.8 gh | 28.2 begij | 23.9 cik | 12.7 dfhjk |
Citrulline Malate | 19.5 | 0 abcde | 33.8 afgh | 23.1 bfgijk | 30.5 cilm | 8 djl | 13.6 ehkm |
Glutamine | 18.8 | 31 abcde | 23.1 afgh | 17 bfij | 24.7 cikl | 10.2 dgk | 13.2 ehjl |
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García-Durán, J.; González-Jurado, J.A.; Sánchez-Oliver, A.J. Analysis of Sports Supplement Consumption in 1688 Federated Road Cyclists. Nutrients 2024, 16, 123. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16010123
García-Durán J, González-Jurado JA, Sánchez-Oliver AJ. Analysis of Sports Supplement Consumption in 1688 Federated Road Cyclists. Nutrients. 2024; 16(1):123. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16010123
Chicago/Turabian StyleGarcía-Durán, Jesús, José Antonio González-Jurado, and Antonio Jesús Sánchez-Oliver. 2024. "Analysis of Sports Supplement Consumption in 1688 Federated Road Cyclists" Nutrients 16, no. 1: 123. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16010123
APA StyleGarcía-Durán, J., González-Jurado, J. A., & Sánchez-Oliver, A. J. (2024). Analysis of Sports Supplement Consumption in 1688 Federated Road Cyclists. Nutrients, 16(1), 123. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16010123