Postoperative Chylothorax in Neonates and Infants after Congenital Heart Disease Surgery—Current Aspects in Diagnosis and Treatment
Abstract
:1. Introduction
1.1. Definition and Epidemiology
1.2. Purpose of Review
2. Materials and Methods
3. Results
4. Discussion
4.1. Diagnosis of Postoperative Chylothorax
4.2. Treatment Goals and Current Therapeutic Approaches in the Management of Postoperative Chylothorax in Children after Surgery for CHD
4.3. The Use of Defatted Human Milk (DHM) as Part of the Nutritional Management in Neonates and Infants with Cardiac Surgery Related Chylothorax
4.4. Interventional or Surgical Management of Chylothorax after Congenital Heart Surgery
4.5. Suggestions for Further Research
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Chest Radiograph | Chest Ultrasound a | |
---|---|---|
Small | <¼ of the lung field | <10 mm |
Moderate | ¼–½ of the lung field | 10–30 mm |
Large | >½ of the lung field | >30 mm |
Chylothorax classification as low and high output |
Indications for bowel rest and total parenteral nutrition |
Duration of conservative management before classifying a patient as non-responder |
Relative and absolute indications for interventional and surgical treatment |
Role and indications of adjunctive therapies such as octreotide |
Development of standardized separating and fat removal methods for human milk |
Defatted human milk fortification individualized to patient needs |
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Samanidis, G.; Kourelis, G.; Bounta, S.; Kanakis, M. Postoperative Chylothorax in Neonates and Infants after Congenital Heart Disease Surgery—Current Aspects in Diagnosis and Treatment. Nutrients 2022, 14, 1803. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14091803
Samanidis G, Kourelis G, Bounta S, Kanakis M. Postoperative Chylothorax in Neonates and Infants after Congenital Heart Disease Surgery—Current Aspects in Diagnosis and Treatment. Nutrients. 2022; 14(9):1803. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14091803
Chicago/Turabian StyleSamanidis, Georgios, Georgios Kourelis, Stavroula Bounta, and Meletios Kanakis. 2022. "Postoperative Chylothorax in Neonates and Infants after Congenital Heart Disease Surgery—Current Aspects in Diagnosis and Treatment" Nutrients 14, no. 9: 1803. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14091803