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Nutrients
Volume 13
Issue 1
10.3390/nu13010083
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Review

Low Protein Diets and Plant-Based Low Protein Diets: Do They Meet Protein Requirements of Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease?

by
Daniela Verzola
1,
Daniela Picciotto
1,2,
Michela Saio
1,2,
Francesca Aimasso
3,
Francesca Bruzzone
3,
Samir Giuseppe Sukkar
3,
Fabio Massarino
3,
Pasquale Esposito
1,2,
Francesca Viazzi
1,2 and
Giacomo Garibotto
1,*
1
Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, Italy
2
Clinica Nefrologica, Dialisi, Trapianto, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, 16142 Genoa, Italy
3
Clinical Nutrition Unit, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, 16142 Genoa, Italy
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Nutrients 2021, 13(1), 83; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu13010083
Received: 29 November 2020 / Revised: 23 December 2020 / Accepted: 26 December 2020 / Published: 29 December 2020
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Responses to Nutrition of Protein Metabolism and Evidence-Based Clinical Outcome in Disease)
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Abstract

A low protein diet (LPD) has historically been used to delay uremic symptoms and decrease nitrogen (N)-derived catabolic products in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). In recent years it has become evident that nutritional intervention is a necessary approach to prevent wasting and reduce CKD complications and disease progression. While a 0.6 g/kg, high biological value protein-based LPD has been used for years, recent observational studies suggest that plant-derived LPDs are a better approach to nutritional treatment of CKD. However, plant proteins are less anabolic than animal proteins and amino acids contained in plant proteins may be in part oxidized; thus, they may not completely be used for protein synthesis. In this review, we evaluate the role of LPDs and plant-based LPDs on maintaining skeletal muscle mass in patients with CKD and examine different nutritional approaches for improving the anabolic properties of plant proteins when used in protein-restricted diets. View Full-Text
Keywords: CKD; low protein diets; plant-based low protein diets; amino acid CKD; low protein diets; plant-based low protein diets; amino acid
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MDPI and ACS Style

Verzola, D.; Picciotto, D.; Saio, M.; Aimasso, F.; Bruzzone, F.; Sukkar, S.G.; Massarino, F.; Esposito, P.; Viazzi, F.; Garibotto, G. Low Protein Diets and Plant-Based Low Protein Diets: Do They Meet Protein Requirements of Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease? Nutrients 2021, 13, 83. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu13010083

AMA Style

Verzola D, Picciotto D, Saio M, Aimasso F, Bruzzone F, Sukkar SG, Massarino F, Esposito P, Viazzi F, Garibotto G. Low Protein Diets and Plant-Based Low Protein Diets: Do They Meet Protein Requirements of Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease? Nutrients. 2021; 13(1):83. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu13010083

Chicago/Turabian Style

Verzola, Daniela, Daniela Picciotto, Michela Saio, Francesca Aimasso, Francesca Bruzzone, Samir Giuseppe Sukkar, Fabio Massarino, Pasquale Esposito, Francesca Viazzi, and Giacomo Garibotto. 2021. "Low Protein Diets and Plant-Based Low Protein Diets: Do They Meet Protein Requirements of Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease?" Nutrients 13, no. 1: 83. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu13010083

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