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11 June 2025

A Holistic Solution for Supporting the Diagnosis of Historic Constructions from 3D Point Clouds

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1
Department of Construction and Technology in Architecture (DCTA), Escuela Técnica Superior de Arquitectura de Madrid (ETSAM), Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Av. Juan de Herrera, 4, 28040 Madrid, Spain
2
Department of Cartographic and Land Engineering, Escuela Politécnica Superior de Ávila, Universidad de Salamanca, Hornos Caleros, 50, 05003 Ávila, Spain
3
Institute of Physical and Information Technologies Leonardo Torres Quevedo (ITEFI), CSIC, C/Serrano 144, 28006 Madrid, Spain
4
Department of Building Structures and Physics, Escuela Técnica Superior de Arquitectura (ETSAM), Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Avda. Juan de Herrera, 4, 28040 Madrid, Spain
This article belongs to the Special Issue New Perspectives on 3D Point Cloud (Third Edition)

Abstract

This paper presents Segmentation for Diagnose (Seg4D), a holistic tool for processing 3D point clouds in the field of historical constructions. This tool incorporates state-of-the-art algorithms for the segmentation and analysis of construction systems and damage. Seg4D applies both supervised and unsupervised machine learning and deep learning methods, including the Point Transformer Neural Network for point cloud segmentation. Additionally, it facilitates the extraction of geometrical and statistical features, colour-scale conversion, noise reduction with anisotropic filters and the use of custom scripts for analysing deflections in slabs or out-of-plane movements in arches and vaults, among others. The Seg4D installer and source code are are publicly available in a GitHub repository.

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