Spatial Variability and Ecological Effects of Anthropogenic Activities in a Nature Reserve: A Case Study in the Baijitan National Nature Reserve, China
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Methodology
2.1. Study Area
2.2. Data and Tools Used
2.3. Landscape Indices (LI)
2.3.1. Patch density (PD)
2.3.2. Landscape shape index (LSI)
2.3.3. Landscape division index (DIVISION)
2.3.4. Contagion Index (CONTAG)
2.3.5. Shannon′s diversity index (SHDI)
2.3.6. Shannon′s evenness index (SHEI)
2.4. Human Interference in the Nature Reserve
3. Results and Analysis
3.1. Distribution of Human Activities
3.2. Landscape Indices (LI)
3.3. Distribution Regularity of Human Activities
3.3.1. Slope
3.3.2. Aspect
4. Conclusions
Acknowledgments
Author Contributions
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Types | Impact Degree | Weight |
---|---|---|
Industrial area | 100 | 0.21 |
Traffic facilities | 50 | 0.11 |
Other human activities | 30 | 0.07 |
Farmland | 10 | 0.02 |
Residential land | 10 | 0.02 |
Function Zone | Area (km2) | |||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Residential Land | Agriculture Land | Industrial Land | Traffic Land | Other Human Activities | Total | |||||||
2009 | 2014 | 2009 | 2014 | 2009 | 2014 | 2009 | 2014 | 2009 | 2014 | 2009 | 2014 | |
Core Zone | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.04 | 0.13 | 1.71 | 1.71 | 0.15 | 1.12 | 0 | 0 | 1.9 | 2.96 |
Buffer Zone | 0.00 | 0.09 | 1.79 | 10.19 | 1.76 | 1.94 | 1.3 | 1.59 | 0.27 | 0.27 | 5.12 | 14.08 |
Experimental Zone | 1.51 | 2.50 | 9.79 | 26.06 | 10.49 | 10.45 | 3.29 | 3.68 | 0.58 | 0.29 | 25.66 | 42.98 |
Total | 1.51 | 2.59 | 11.63 | 36.38 | 13.96 | 14.09 | 4.74 | 6.39 | 0.85 | 0.56 | 32.68 | 60.01 |
Year | NRHI | PD | LSI | CONTAG | DIVISIO | SHDI | SHEI |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
2009 | 0.0901 | 0.34 | 8.60 | 92.87 | 0.53 | 0.25 | 0.13 |
2014 | 0.1127 | 0.48 | 11.00 | 89.16 | 0.59 | 0.39 | 0.20 |
Year | Slope | Ratio | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Residential Land | Agriculture Land | Industrial Land | Traffic Land | Other Human Activities | Total | ||
2009 | 0°–3.6° | 75.24% | 92.73% | 82.13% | 76.50% | 86.23% | 82.57% |
3.6°–7.2° | 23.68% | 6.86% | 15.75% | 21.58% | 12.93% | 16.16% | |
7.2°–10.8° | 1.08% | 0.41% | 1.67% | 1.81% | 0.84% | 1.16% | |
10.8°–14.4° | 0 | 0 | 0.44% | 0.11% | 0 | 0.11% | |
14.4°–18° | 0 | 0 | 0.01% | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
2014 | 0°–3.6° | 85.07% | 91.42% | 80.57% | 79.94% | 85.71% | 84.54% |
3.6°–7.2° | 13.81% | 7.71% | 17.16% | 19.16% | 14.29% | 14.43% | |
7.2°–10.8° | 1.12% | 0.88% | 1.72% | 0.90% | 0 | 0.92% | |
10.8°–14.4° | 0 | 0 | 0.48% | 0 | 0 | 0.10% | |
14.4°–18° | 0 | 0 | 0.07% | 0 | 0 | 0.01% |
Year | Aspect | Area (km2) | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Residential Lands | Agriculture Lands | Industrial Lands | Traffic Lands | Other Human Activities | Total | ||
2009 | sunny slope | 1.04 | 6.45 | 8.50 | 2.93 | 0.65 | 19.57 |
shady slope | 0.45 | 5.07 | 5.16 | 1.81 | 0.23 | 12.71 | |
2014 | sunny slope | 1.58 | 21.60 | 8.51 | 4.07 | 0.43 | 36.18 |
shady slope | 0.98 | 14.35 | 5.35 | 2.31 | 0.11 | 23.10 |
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Song, X.; Huang, Y.; Fu, J.; Jiang, D.; Tian, G. Spatial Variability and Ecological Effects of Anthropogenic Activities in a Nature Reserve: A Case Study in the Baijitan National Nature Reserve, China. Sustainability 2017, 9, 239. https://doi.org/10.3390/su9020239
Song X, Huang Y, Fu J, Jiang D, Tian G. Spatial Variability and Ecological Effects of Anthropogenic Activities in a Nature Reserve: A Case Study in the Baijitan National Nature Reserve, China. Sustainability. 2017; 9(2):239. https://doi.org/10.3390/su9020239
Chicago/Turabian StyleSong, Xiaoyang, Yaohuan Huang, Jingying Fu, Dong Jiang, and Guangjin Tian. 2017. "Spatial Variability and Ecological Effects of Anthropogenic Activities in a Nature Reserve: A Case Study in the Baijitan National Nature Reserve, China" Sustainability 9, no. 2: 239. https://doi.org/10.3390/su9020239