Performance Evaluation of Asphalt Modified with Municipal Wastes for Sustainable Pavement Construction
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Materials
2.2. Methods
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Viscosity
3.2. Measurement of Elasticity of LDP-, HDP-, and CR-Modified Binders
3.2.1. LDP Modified Binders
3.2.2. HDP Modified Binders
3.2.3. CR Modified Binders
3.3. Rutting Susceptibility of Modified Binders
3.3.1. LDP-MB
3.3.2. HDP-MB
3.3.3. CR-MB
3.4. Creep Stiffness of Modified Binders
4. Conclusions
- Binder modified with CR, HDP, and LDP showed significant improvement of viscosity. However, viscosity of 15% CR-MB exceeded the SuperPave specifications, which could affect the workability of the asphalt mix during its mixing and placing. To overcome this problem, SASOBIT® could be added to CR-MB to reduce this exceeded viscosity.
- Increased percentages of CR, HDP, and LDP had significant effects on the visco-elastic properties of the modified binders. The modified binders showed improved elasticity as compared to base bitumen due to increase in the complex modulus (G*) and the decline in phase angle (δ) values. The increase in G* for LDE, HDP, and CR were 2–7, 4–11,and 4–12 times, respectively, as compared to controlled bitumen for temperatures 46, 52, 58, 64, 70, 76, and 82 °C.
- The base binder (PG 64-10) was found to be more susceptible to rutting at temperatures above 64 °C.
- The SHRP rutting parameter (G*/Sinδ) was improved significantly in modified binders at higher temperatures. Binders modified with 5%–15% of HDP and CR, and 10%–15% of LDP, satisfied the minimum requirements of SuperPave rutting criteria, at temperatures of 70 and 76 °C. Moreover, the performance grade of base binder (PG 64-10) was improved to PG 76-10 for HDP and CR modifications, and up to PG 70-10 for 10%–15% LDP.
- Binder modified with 15% LDP and HDP exceeded the minimum SuperPave rutting criteria at the highest temperature (82 °C) and, hence, the performance grade rose to PG 82-10. Consequently, bitumen modified with 15% LDP, HDP, and CR could satisfactorily be used in road construction throughout KSA.
- An inverse relationship was observed between creep stiffness and the binder resistance against low temperature cracks. Increased dosage of modifiers results in a decrease of the stiffness value and, hence, offered more resistance to low temperature cracks in asphalt pavements.
Acknowledgments
Author Contributions
Conflicts of Interest
Abbreviations
PG | Performance Grade |
HDP | High-Density Polyethylene |
LDP | Low-Density Polyethylene |
CR | Crumb Rubber |
RV | Rotational Viscometer |
DSR | Dynamic Shear Rheometer |
BBR | Bending Beam Rheometer |
SBS | Styrene Butadiene Styrene |
SBR | Styrene Butadiene Rubber |
EVA | Ethylene Vinyl Acetate |
G* | Complex Modulus |
δ | Phase angle |
cP | Centipoise |
rpm | Revolution per minute |
SHRP | Strategic Highway Research Program |
CR-MB | Crumb Rubber—Modified Bitumen |
LDP-MB | Low-Density Polyethylene—Modified Bitumen |
HDP-MB | High-Density Polyethylene—Modified Bitumen |
kPa | Kilo-Pascal |
RTFO | Rolling Thin Film Oven |
PAV | Pressure Aging Vessel |
MSCR | Multiple Stress Creep Recovery |
Pa·s | Pascal second |
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Test/ Physical Property | Bitumen | LDP | HDP |
---|---|---|---|
Specific Gravity | 1.019 | Density = 922 kg/m3 | Density = 961 kg/m3 |
Penetration @ 25 °C, 0.1 mm | 60–70 | ||
Softening point (°C) | 49.45 | ||
Flash point (°C) | 310 | ||
Ductility (mm) | 126.5 | ||
Viscosity @ 135 °C (cP) | 460.35 | ||
Super-Pave Performance Grade (PG) | 64-10 |
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Amin, M.N.; Khan, M.I.; Saleem, M.U. Performance Evaluation of Asphalt Modified with Municipal Wastes for Sustainable Pavement Construction. Sustainability 2016, 8, 949. https://doi.org/10.3390/su8100949
Amin MN, Khan MI, Saleem MU. Performance Evaluation of Asphalt Modified with Municipal Wastes for Sustainable Pavement Construction. Sustainability. 2016; 8(10):949. https://doi.org/10.3390/su8100949
Chicago/Turabian StyleAmin, Muhammad Nasir, Muhammad Imran Khan, and Muhammad Umair Saleem. 2016. "Performance Evaluation of Asphalt Modified with Municipal Wastes for Sustainable Pavement Construction" Sustainability 8, no. 10: 949. https://doi.org/10.3390/su8100949
APA StyleAmin, M. N., Khan, M. I., & Saleem, M. U. (2016). Performance Evaluation of Asphalt Modified with Municipal Wastes for Sustainable Pavement Construction. Sustainability, 8(10), 949. https://doi.org/10.3390/su8100949