Analysis of Tourist Systems Predictive Models Applied to Growing Sun and Beach Tourist Destination
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
3. Results
3.1. Type of Demand in the District of Ancón
3.2. The Current State of Ancón Tourism Resources
3.3. Conditions of the Equipment and Facilities
3.4. Current State of the Ancón District-Infrastructure
3.5. Ancón District Superstructure
3.6. Role of the Community in the Tourist Activity of the Ancón District
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Limitations and Future Perspectives
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
- World Tourism Organization. UNWTO World Tourism Barometer and Statistical Annex, May 2019. UNWTO World Tour. Barom. Engl. Version 2019, 17, 1–40. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Hosteltur Tendencias Claves en el Turismo Latinoamericano Según Euromonitor|Economía. Available online: https://www.hosteltur.com/lat/191000_tendencias-claves-turismo-latinoamericano-euromonitor.html (accessed on 13 December 2020).
- Mendoza-González, G.; Martínez, M.L.; Guevara, R.; Pérez-Maqueo, O.; Garza-Lagler, M.C.; Howard, A. Towards a Sustainable Sun, Sea, and Sand Tourism: The Value of Ocean View and Proximity to the Coast. Sustainability 2018, 10, 1042. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Szromek, A.R.; Kruczek, Z.; Walas, B. The Attitude of Tourist Destination Residents towards the Effects of Overtourism—Kraków Case Study. Sustainability 2020, 12, 228. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Solís-Radilla, M.M.; Hernández-Lobato, L.; Callarisa-Fiol, L.J.; Pastor-Durán, H.T. The Importance of Sustainability in the Loyalty to a Tourist Destination through the Management of Expectations and Experiences. Sustainability 2019, 11, 4132. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Bujosa, A.; Riera, A.; Pons, P.J. Sun-and-Beach Tourism and the Importance of Intra-Destination Movements in Mature Destinations. Tour. Geogr. 2015, 17, 780–794. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Paz, A. En más del 25% se Incrementa el Flujo Turístico en el Valle del Colca. Available online: https://andina.pe/agencia/noticia-en-mas-del-25-se-incrementa-flujo-turistico-el-valle-del-colca-607847.aspx (accessed on 13 December 2020).
- Schaaf, E. Tourism in Peru: Meeting the Future. Available online: https://preserve.lib.lehigh.edu/islandora/object/preserve%3Abp-11028767 (accessed on 13 December 2020).
- Milton, C.E.; Ulfe, M. Promoting Peru: Tourism and post-conflict memory. In Accounting for Violence: Marketing Memory in Latin America; Duke University Press: Durham, NC, USA, 2011; pp. 207–234. [Google Scholar]
- Lara, M.C. Futuro del turismo de masas sol y playa del litoral mediterráneo español/Future mass tourism of sun and beach Spanish Mediterranean littoral. Territ. Form. 2013, 5, 43–62. [Google Scholar]
- Molina, S.; Rodríguez, S. Planificación Integral del Turismo, un Enfoque para Latinoamérica; Segunda Edición; Editorial Limusa: Ciudad de México, Mexico, 1991; ISBN 978-968-18-4021-1. [Google Scholar]
- Chon, K.-S. The Role of Destination Image in Tourism: A Review and Discussion. Tour. Rev. 1990. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Hall, M. The Geography of Tourism and Recreation: Environment, Place and Space. Available online: https://www.routledge.com/The-Geography-of-Tourism-and-Recreation-Environment-Place-and-Space/Hall-Page/p/book/9780415833998 (accessed on 13 December 2020).
- Dredge, D.; Jenkins, J. Federal–State Relations and Tourism Public Policy, New South Wales, Australia. Curr. Issues Tour. 2003, 6, 415–443. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Llupart, M.R.; Pelegrín, A.; Llaver, L.; Entenza, N.; Naranjo, L.; González, Y. Modelos de Gestión Turística: Mirada Crítica Desde Diferentes Perspectivas. RECUS Rev. Electrónica Coop. Univ. Soc. 2019, 4, 16. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Carvache-Franco, W.; Carvache-Franco, M.; Carvache-Franco, O.; Hernández-Lara, A.B. Motivation and Segmentation of the Demand for Coastal and Marine Destinations. Tour. Manag. Perspect. 2020, 34, 100661. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Calderón García, H.; Gil Saura, I.; Carmelo Pons García, R.; Gallarza, M.G. The “Sun and Beach” Tourism Destination Image: An Application to the Case of Cuba from the Spanish Tourist-origin Market. Tour. Rev. 2004, 59, 16–24. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Kusni, A.; Kadir, N.; Nayan, S. International Tourism Demand in Malaysia by Tourists from OECD Countries: A Panel Data Econometric Analysis. Procedia Econ. Financ. 2013, 7, 28–34. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Tveteras, S.; Roll, K.H. Non-Stop Flights and Tourist Arrivals. Tour. Econ. 2014, 20, 5–20. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Mccool, S.; Moisey, R.N. Tourism, Recreation, and Sustainability: Linking Culture and the Environment, 2nd ed.; CABI Publishing: Wallingford, UK, 2008; p. 296. [Google Scholar]
- Divino, J.A.; McAleer, M. Modelling and Forecasting Daily International Mass Tourism to Peru. Tour. Manag. 2010, 31, 846–854. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- PromPeru Perfil del Vacasionista Internacional 2017. Available online: https://www.promperu.gob.pe/TurismoIN/sitio/PerfTuristaExt (accessed on 8 January 2021).
- PromPeru Perfil Del Vacasionista Nacional 2019. Available online: http://www.promperu.gob.pe/TurismoIN/sitio/VisorDocumentos?titulo=Perfil%20del%20Vacacionista%20Nacional%20&url=Uploads/publicaciones/2025/PVN%2016%20(SPREAD).pdf&nombObjeto=Publicaciones&back=/TurismoIN/sitio/Publicaciones&issuuid=0 (accessed on 8 January 2021).
- Covarrubias, R. Evaluación del Potencial en Municipios Turísticos a Través de Metodologías Participativas. Available online: http://www.eumed.net/librosgratis/2015/1433/index.htm (accessed on 8 January 2021).
- Aguiló, E.; Alegre, J.; Sard, M. The Persistence of the Sun and Sand Tourism Model. Tour. Manag. 2005, 26, 219–231. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Wilkinson, P.F. The Use of Models in Predicting the Consumption of Outdoor Recreation. J. Leis. Res. 1973, 5, 34–48. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Dincu, A.M. Tourism potential and its role in the development of tourist activity. Sci. Pap. Anim. Sci. Biotechnol. 2015, 48, 183–186. [Google Scholar]
- Álvarez-García, J.; Maldonado-Erazo, C.P.; Del Río-Rama, M.; de la Cruz, M.; Castellano-Álvarez, F.J. Cultural Heritage and Tourism Basis for Regional Development: Mapping of Scientific Coverage. Sustainability 2019, 11, 6034. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Spread, P. Blau’s Exchange Theory, Support and the Macrostructure. Br. J. Sociol. 1984, 35, 157–173. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Nunkoo, R.; Gursoy, D. Residents’ Support for Tourism: An Identity Perspective. Ann. Tour. Res. 2012, 39, 243–268. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Zamani-Farahani, H.; Musa, G. Residents’ Attitudes and Perception towards Tourism Development: A Case Study of Masooleh, Iran. Tour. Manag. 2008, 29, 1233–1236. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Ford, M.R.; Ihrke, D.M. The Impact of Wisconsin’s Act 10 on Municipal Management in Smaller Municipalities: Views from Local Elected Officials. Public Policy Adm. 2018, 33, 170–189. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Fernández Ortea, J. Gestion privada del patrimonio cultural: Los casos del monasterio de Monsalud y la ciudad romana de Ercavica. PASOS Rev. Tur. Patrim. Cult. 2017, 15, 121–137. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Haugland, S.A.; Ness, H.; Grønseth, B.-O.; Aarstad, J. Development of Tourism Destinations: An Integrated Multilevel Perspective. Ann. Tour. Res. 2011, 38, 268–290. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Kantola, S.; Uusitalo, M.; Nivala, V.; Tuulentie, S. Tourism Resort Users’ Participation in Planning: Testing the Public Participation Geographic Information System Method in Levi, Finnish Lapland. Tour. Manag. Perspect. 2018, 27, 22–32. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Boullón, R. Planificación Del Espacio Turístico, 4th ed.; Trillas: Mexico City, Mexico, 2006; ISBN 968-24-7562-7. [Google Scholar]
- Nel, M. Evaluación de la infraestructura y servicios turísticos en áreas protegidas: El caso México y América Central. Estud. Perspect. Tur. 2004, 13, 347–363. [Google Scholar]
- Papageorgiou, M. Coastal and Marine Tourism: A Challenging Factor in Marine Spatial Planning. Ocean Coast. Manag. 2016, 129, 44–48. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Voorhees, A.M. A General Theory of Traffic Movement. Transportation 2013, 40, 1105–1116. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Hammond, D. The Science of Synthesis: Exploring the Social Implications of General Systems Theory; University Press of Colorado: Niwot, CO, USA, 2003; ISBN 978-1-60732-069-2. [Google Scholar]
- Morley, C.; Rosselló, J.; Santana-Gallego, M. Gravity Models for Tourism Demand: Theory and Use. Ann. Tour. Res. 2014, 48, 1–10. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Hejl, P.M. Towards a Theory of Social Systems: Self-Organization and Self-Maintenance, Self-Reference and Syn-Reference. In Self-Organization and Management of Social Systems: Insights, Promises, Doubts, and Questions; Ulrich, H., Probst, G.J.B., Eds.; Springer Series in Synergetics; Springer: Berlin/Heidelberg, Germany, 1984; pp. 60–78. ISBN 978-3-642-69762-3. [Google Scholar]
- Getz, D. Models in Tourism Planning. Donald Getz. Tourism Management, Vol. 7, No. 1, March 1986, pp. 21–32. Butterworth Scientific Ltd., P.O. Box 63, Westbury House, Bury St. Guildford, Surrey GU2 5BH, United Kingdom. $153 Annual Subscription. J. Travel Res. 1986, 25, 47. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Von Bertalanffy, L. General System Theory; George Brazyller: New York, NY, USA, 1969. [Google Scholar]
- Baggio, R. Symptoms of Complexity in a Tourism System. Tour. Anal. 2008, 13, 1–20. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Kelly, G. Pope Pius XII and the Principle of Totality. Theol. Stud. 1955, 16, 373–396. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- García, R. Sistemas Complejos. Conceptos, Método y Fundamentación Epistemológica de La Investigación Interdisciplinaria—PDF Free Download. Available online: https://docplayer.es/2562096-Rolando-garcia-sistemas-complejos-conceptos-metodo-y-fundamentacion-epistemologica-de-la-investigacion-interdisciplinaria.html (accessed on 13 December 2020).
- Holland, J.H. Complex Adaptive Systems. Daedalus 1992, 121, 17–30. [Google Scholar]
- Aubry, N.; Guyonnet, R.; Lima, R. Spatiotemporal Analysis of Complex Signals: Theory and Applications. J. Stat. Phys. 1991, 64, 683–739. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Emerson, R.M. Social Exchange Theory. Annu. Rev. Sociol. 1976, 2, 335–362. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Coe, N.L. Validating “Announcer” and “Confessor” Styles of Mental Health Self-Disclosure through Use of Archived Qualitative Data. Health 2013, 5, 512–520. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Sánchez-Fernández, M.D.; Álvarez-Bassi, D.; Ramón-Cardona, J. Environmental and Economic Concerns in Residents’ Attitudes in Punta Del Este (Uruguay). Sustainability 2019, 11, 7246. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Ricaurte, C. Manual de diagnóstico turístico local. Recuperado el 2009, 24, 31–50. Available online: http://mastor.cl/blog/wp-content/uploads/2018/07/Ricaurte.-Manual-diagnostico-turistico-local.-Guia-planificadores.-2000.-50-pgs.pdf (accessed on 8 January 2021).
- Ministry of Foreign Trade and Tourism REGLRESTAURANT_2004.Pdf. Available online: https://www.mincetur.gob.pe/wp-content/uploads/documentos/turismo/funciones_y_normatividad/normatividad/prestadores_servicios_turisticos/REGLRESTAURANT_2004.pdf (accessed on 13 December 2020).
- El Peruano DECRETO SUPREMO No. 001-2015-MINCETUR—Norma Legal Diario Oficial El Peruano. Available online: https://elperuano.pe/normaselperuano/2015/06/09/1248181-2.html (accessed on 13 December 2020).
- Miossec, J.-M. Un modèle de l’espace touristique. Espace Géographique 1977, 6, 41–48. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Martín, R. Los modelos turísticos y los determinantes principales de los flujos turísticos internacionales. In Material de Clase; Facultad de Turismo de la Universidad de La Habana: Havana, Cuba, 2009. [Google Scholar]
- Page, S.J. Tourism Management; Routledge: London, UK, 2014; ISBN 978-1-317-66592-2. [Google Scholar]
- Sancho, A. Introduccion al Turismo Pages 51–100—Flip PDF Download|FlipHTML5. Available online: http://fliphtml5.com/ofyg/rbes/basic/51-100 (accessed on 13 December 2020).
- Austermühle, S. Ancón ¿Desarrollo a todo costo? In Un Estudio Sobre las Consecuencias Económicas y Sociales del Desarrollo Portuario Industrial en la Bahía de Ancón; 2010; p. 46. Available online: https://www.actualidadambiental.pe/wp-content/uploads/2010/07/Estudio-Ancon-final.pdf (accessed on 8 January 2021).
- Marina, L. Cultural participation and touristic valorisation of the local cultural heritage. Ann. Univ. Apulensis Ser. Oeconomica 2015, 17, 54. [Google Scholar]
- Kazan, H.; Hobikoğlu, E.; Karademir, H.; Dalyanci, L.; Turguter, Y. Economic Development of Ski Industry in Experimental Innovation: Example of Palandöken Turkey and Alps Switzerland. Procedia Soc. Behav. Sci. 2015, 195, 487–492. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Simmons, D.G. Community Participation in Tourism Planning. Tour. Manag. 1994, 15, 98–108. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Choe, Y.; Kim, H.; Joun, H.-J. Differences in Tourist Behaviors across the Seasons: The Case of Northern Indiana. Sustainability 2019, 11, 4351. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Ministry of Environment Declaran la Zona Reservada Lomas de Ancón—Lima. Available online: https://sinia.minam.gob.pe/normas/declaran-zona-reservada-lomas-ancon-lima (accessed on 13 December 2020).
- Ministry of Culture Ministerio de Cultura Organiza Jornada de Limpieza en Necrópolis de Ancón, el Cementerio Prehispánico más Grande del Perú. Available online: https://www.gob.pe/institucion/cultura/noticias/5209-ministerio-de-cultura-organiza-jornada-de-limpieza-en-necropolis-de-ancon-el-cementerio-prehispanico-mas-grande-del-peru (accessed on 13 December 2020).
- National Service of Meteorology and Hydrology of Peru SENAMHI—Perú. Available online: https://www.senamhi.gob.pe/?&p=mapa-climatico-del-peru (accessed on 13 December 2020).
- Galessio, E. Trenes Del Perú: La Estación de Ancón. Trenes Perú. 2009. Available online: http://trenesdelperu.blogspot.com/2009/08/la-estacion-de-ancon.html (accessed on 8 January 2021).
- Gomezelj, D.O.; Mihalič, T. Destination Competitiveness—Applying Different Models, the Case of Slovenia. Tour. Manag. 2008, 29, 294–307. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Baletti, B. Ordenamento Territorial: Neo-Developmentalism and the Struggle for Territory in the Lower Brazilian Amazon. J. Peasant Stud. 2012, 39, 573–598. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
Element | Interviewed | Position | Entity | |
---|---|---|---|---|
SUPERSTRUCTURE | Public organization | Alex Cabrejo Carigga | Auxiliary for the promotion of alliances with the population Special Project Antonio Raymondi National Ecological Park | Project Antonio Raymondi National Ecological Park |
Fausto Rolando Malarin Gambini | Economic and Social Development Manager | District Municipality of Ancón | ||
Lenin Romero Ramírez | Tourism promoter of the Sub-management of education, sports and tourism | District Municipality of Ancón | ||
Luis Sánchez Vargas | Tourism promoter of the Sub-management of education, sports and tourism | District Municipality of Ancón | ||
Ayde Palomares | Manager de SERNANP | SERNANP (national service of protected natural areas) | ||
Private organization | Carlos Marigorda Lazo | Manager of Las Terrazas Restaurant | Restaurant Las Terrazas | |
Hernán López Junegra | President of the Moto-taxi Association | the Moto-taxi Association | ||
Rony Vásquez | President of the Nautical Walk Association | the Nautical Walk Association | ||
Patricia Fernández | Manageer of the “Pepe Cangrejo” restaurant | Restaurant “Pepe Cangrejo” | ||
Aldo Espinoza | Executive chef | Restaurant the quinta 615 | ||
José Reyes Cornelia | President of the Cevicheras Association | Cevicheras Association | ||
María Gutiérrez Paquiño | President of the Rumiñahui Association | Rumiñahui Association | ||
Julio Cesar Cunza Sifuentes | Association of Anconeteros a Pedal | Association of Anconeteros a Pedal | ||
Local community | Food Street seller & others | 11 saleswoman | - | |
Handicraft vendors | 4 saleswoman | - | ||
District residents | 6 neighbors | - |
Author | Model | Component | Provide Difference |
---|---|---|---|
Boullón (2006) | Tourist system |
|
|
|
| ||
|
| ||
| |||
| |||
Molina (1997) | Tourist system |
|
|
|
| ||
| |||
| |||
| |||
| |||
Mill & Morrison (1985) Quoted in Dredge & John Jenkins (2003) | Tourist policy model |
| It was developed to understand tourism management between government, business, and other institutions. It seeks to benefit all the agent’s involved thanks to tourism in the following aspects: economic, financial, technical, human, etc. in a context where cooperation must be based on shared values and beliefs for development. |
| |||
| |||
Energy. | |||
Market. | |||
Economy. | |||
Weather. | |||
Use of local residents. | |||
Investment availability. | |||
Land availability. | |||
Workforce. | |||
| |||
| |||
Miossec (1977) | Tourist space model |
|
|
First ring: Neighboring countries, high flow of tourists or hikers, main transport: land. | |||
Second ring: Countries with a high tourist flow because they are consolidated countries (strong tropism), greater use of planes. | |||
Third ring: countries with strong tropism due to trend, land, and air are the most used means of transport. | |||
Fourth ring: small percentage and volume of visits, planes are almost the only means of transport, the travel experience is different compared with other experiences. | |||
| |||
Martín (2009) | Pentagonal model of the house. Receptive destination |
|
|
| |||
| |||
Sociocultural and historical. | |||
Natural. | |||
Resources. | |||
Organization and management. | |||
Attractions. Products. | |||
Touristic supply. | |||
Commercialization. | |||
Tourist flows. | |||
Page (2015) | Destination Management Model | As external factors of the destination: |
|
External business context. | |||
Tourist. | |||
The leisure society. | |||
Consumer trends. | |||
Then he proposes three frames or contexts of destination: | |||
The destination itself. | |||
The public sector (within the destination). | |||
Tour operators, travel agents, business groups, associated services, transportation, tourist attractions, and accommodation (within the destination). | |||
Bertalanffy (1969) | General theory of systems | General systems theory applied to the social sciences. |
|
Human groups: family, social relationships. | |||
Culture: as human creation (scenario where he interacts). | |||
Language: as a means of expression (prerequisite of culture, art, laws, science, etc.). | |||
Space and Time: as an influential factor (where culture can be analyzed). | |||
Symbolic universe: unlike animals, humans are surrounded by a symbolic universe. | |||
Human needs: that influence the behavior due to the symbolic value transmitted. | |||
Values: that go beyond the biological sphere but that guides man. | |||
OMT (quoted Sancho, 2008) | Tourist system | The UNWTO suggests the components of the tourism system as follows:
Demand.
|
|
Category | Subcategory | Identified Codes |
---|---|---|
Type of Demand | Characteristics | North zone visitors |
Season demand | ||
Visitor groups | ||
Main motivation | Sun and beach toursun | |
Tourist activities | Sport and recreation activities | |
Culture and nature visits |
Tourist Resources | Current Condition | Characteristics of the Tourist Resource |
---|---|---|
Ancon necropolis | Poor | Evidence of garbage and desecration of archaeological resources. |
Lomas de Ancón | Good | In charge of SERNANP (National Service of Natural Areas Protected by the State). Seasonal use in Occasional tourist visits |
Ancon islands | Good | |
Ancon beaches | Good | Visitors from the north zone of Lima. |
Ricardo Palma Old house | Regular | Exterior facade preserved. |
San Pedro Church | Good | Preserved area in use. |
Talleri Main Square | Good | Used for organizing cultural and social events. |
Site Museum | Good | Board of Ancon Museum (private). |
Railway Station | Good | Private, closed with entry restrictions. |
José Balta Old House | Good | Non-operating for the public. |
Dock | Regular | Sale of food with unhealthy condition |
Category | Subcategory | Code | Current Conditions |
---|---|---|---|
Equipment and facilities | Accommodation facilities | High price | High season, summer |
Service quality | Poor service | ||
Food facilities | Customer service | Good but not in the bay | |
Sanitary conditions | Poor condition | ||
Limited capacity | Little capacity | ||
Seasonal service | January to March | ||
Other services | Limited tour guide | None | |
Poor condition tourist booth | Abandoned | ||
Bank services | Few | ||
ATM service | Few ATMs, there are only agencies from national banks | ||
Public restrooms | Little capacity | ||
Tourist facility | Cleaning Deficiencies | Garbage dump |
Category | Subcategory | Code | Current Conditions |
---|---|---|---|
Infrastructure | Accessibility | Access roads | Good |
Tourist signage | Needs to improve | ||
Road signs conditions | Good | ||
Transport | High price | From January to March | |
Passenger service | Basic information | ||
Transport | Limited transportation due to the high entrance of visitors during summer season. | ||
Communication networks | Public telephones | Limited service | |
Internet services | With connectivity | ||
Health | Water supply | Good | |
Sewage system | Good | ||
Public areas cleaning services | Poor | ||
Health lefts | Limited attention | ||
Public health services | Limited attention | ||
Medical equipment | Needs to improve | ||
Electrical power | Power supply | Available 24 h a day |
Category | Subcategory | Code | Current Conditions |
---|---|---|---|
Superstructure | Organizations superstructure | Strategic alliances | No present in tourism |
Activities for tourist dissemination | Only in summer season | ||
Tourism project | Not available yet | ||
Tourist training | Not available yet | ||
Conceptual Superstructure | Regulation of tourist services | Only sanitary inspection of restaurants | |
Deficiency in tourism security | Few police staff | ||
Educational Tourism Program | In process | ||
Resource protection | Based on legal framework |
Category | Subcategory | Code |
---|---|---|
Community role | Participation in the tourist activity. | Lack of interest from tourism companies. |
Lack of knowledge in tourism | ||
Tourism benefits. | Seasonal benefit | |
Economic benefit | ||
Development of economic activities | Informal commerce, tourism, fishing, gastronomy, accommodation, and transport. |
Publisher’s Note: MDPI stays neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. |
© 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
Share and Cite
Ruiz Palacios, M.A.; Pereira Texeira de Oliveira, C.; Serrano González, J.; Saénz Flores, S. Analysis of Tourist Systems Predictive Models Applied to Growing Sun and Beach Tourist Destination. Sustainability 2021, 13, 785. https://doi.org/10.3390/su13020785
Ruiz Palacios MA, Pereira Texeira de Oliveira C, Serrano González J, Saénz Flores S. Analysis of Tourist Systems Predictive Models Applied to Growing Sun and Beach Tourist Destination. Sustainability. 2021; 13(2):785. https://doi.org/10.3390/su13020785
Chicago/Turabian StyleRuiz Palacios, Miguel Angel, Cristiana Pereira Texeira de Oliveira, José Serrano González, and Soledad Saénz Flores. 2021. "Analysis of Tourist Systems Predictive Models Applied to Growing Sun and Beach Tourist Destination" Sustainability 13, no. 2: 785. https://doi.org/10.3390/su13020785
APA StyleRuiz Palacios, M. A., Pereira Texeira de Oliveira, C., Serrano González, J., & Saénz Flores, S. (2021). Analysis of Tourist Systems Predictive Models Applied to Growing Sun and Beach Tourist Destination. Sustainability, 13(2), 785. https://doi.org/10.3390/su13020785