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Neurology International
Volume 3
Issue 1
10.4081/ni.2011.e4
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Neurology International is published by MDPI from Volume 12 Issue 3 (2020). Previous articles were published by another publisher in Open Access under a CC-BY licence, and they are hosted by MDPI on mdpi.com as a courtesy and upon agreement with PAGEPress.
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Article

Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis: One or Multiple Causes?

by
Aline Furtado Bastos
1,
Marco Orsini
2,3,
Dionis Machado
4,
Mariana Pimentel Mello
1,
Sergio Nader
5,
Júlio Guilherme Silva
2,6,
Antonio M. da Silva Catharino
7,
Marcos R.G. de Freitas
2,
Alessandra Pereira
8,
Luciane Lacerda Pessoa
8,
Flavio R. Sztajnbok
8,
Marco Araújo Leite
2,
Osvaldo J.M. Nascimento
2 and
Victor Hugo Bastos
9,*
1
Serra dos Órgãos University, Teresópolis, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
2
Federal Fluminense University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
3
Medicine Department, Grande Rio University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
4
Federal University of the Jequitinhonha and Mucuri Valleys, Diamantina, Minas Gerais, Brazil
5
Rio de Janeiro Federal University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
6
Masters Program in Rehabilitation Centro Universitario Augusto Motta, Brazil
7
Nova Iguaçu University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
8
Grande Rio University (Medicine Department), Brazil
9
Physical Therapy Departament, Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri Federal University, Rodovia MGT 367, 5000, Alto da Jacuba, Diamantina CEP 39100-000, Minas Gerais, Brazil
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Neurol. Int. 2011, 3(1), e4; https://doi.org/10.4081/ni.2011.e4
Submission received: 1 April 2011 / Revised: 1 April 2011 / Accepted: 2 April 2011 / Published: 29 April 2011

Abstract

The Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is the most common form of motor neuron disease in the adulthood, and it is characterized by rapid and progressive compromise of the upper and lower motor neurons. The majority of the cases of ALS are classified as sporadic and, until now, a specific cause for these cases still is unknown. To present the different hypotheses on the etiology of ALS. It was carried out a search in the databases: Bireme, Scielo and Pubmed, in the period of 1987 to 2011, using the following keywords: Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, motor neuron disease, etiology, causes and epidemiology and its similar in Portuguese and Spanish. It did not have consensus as regards the etiology of ALS. Researches demonstrates evidences as regards intoxication by heavy metals, environmental and occupational causes, genetic mutations (superoxide dismutase 1), certain viral infections and the accomplishment of vigorous physical activity for the development of the disease. There is still no consensus regarding the involved factors in the etiology of ALS. In this way, new research about these etiologies are necessary, for a better approach of the patients, promoting preventive programs for the disease and improving the quality of life of the patients.
Keywords: motor neuron disease; neuromuscular diseases; amyotrophic lateral sclerosis; etiology; hypothesis; review motor neuron disease; neuromuscular diseases; amyotrophic lateral sclerosis; etiology; hypothesis; review

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MDPI and ACS Style

Furtado Bastos, A.; Orsini, M.; Machado, D.; Pimentel Mello, M.; Nader, S.; Silva, J.G.; da Silva Catharino, A.M.; de Freitas, M.R.G.; Pereira, A.; Lacerda Pessoa, L.; et al. Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis: One or Multiple Causes? Neurol. Int. 2011, 3, e4. https://doi.org/10.4081/ni.2011.e4

AMA Style

Furtado Bastos A, Orsini M, Machado D, Pimentel Mello M, Nader S, Silva JG, da Silva Catharino AM, de Freitas MRG, Pereira A, Lacerda Pessoa L, et al. Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis: One or Multiple Causes? Neurology International. 2011; 3(1):e4. https://doi.org/10.4081/ni.2011.e4

Chicago/Turabian Style

Furtado Bastos, Aline, Marco Orsini, Dionis Machado, Mariana Pimentel Mello, Sergio Nader, Júlio Guilherme Silva, Antonio M. da Silva Catharino, Marcos R.G. de Freitas, Alessandra Pereira, Luciane Lacerda Pessoa, and et al. 2011. "Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis: One or Multiple Causes?" Neurology International 3, no. 1: e4. https://doi.org/10.4081/ni.2011.e4

APA Style

Furtado Bastos, A., Orsini, M., Machado, D., Pimentel Mello, M., Nader, S., Silva, J. G., da Silva Catharino, A. M., de Freitas, M. R. G., Pereira, A., Lacerda Pessoa, L., Sztajnbok, F. R., Araújo Leite, M., Nascimento, O. J. M., & Bastos, V. H. (2011). Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis: One or Multiple Causes? Neurology International, 3(1), e4. https://doi.org/10.4081/ni.2011.e4

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