Nanoparticle-Based Modification of the DNA Methylome: A Therapeutic Tool for Atherosclerosis?
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Department of Medical Sciences, Division of Health Sciences, Leon Campus, University of Guanajuato, Leon 37320, GTO, Mexico
2
Department of Genetic Engineering, CINVESTAV Irapuato Unit, Irapuato 36824, GTO, Mexico
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Academic Editor: George E. Louridas
Cardiogenetics 2022, 12(1), 12-23; https://doi.org/10.3390/cardiogenetics12010002
Received: 25 October 2021
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Revised: 19 December 2021
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Accepted: 31 December 2021
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Published: 6 January 2022
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Cardiogenetics: Feature Papers 2021)
Cardiovascular epigenomics is a relatively young field of research, yet it is providing novel insights into gene regulation in the atherosclerotic arterial wall. That information is already pointing to new avenues for atherosclerosis (AS) prevention and therapy. In parallel, advances in nanoparticle (NP) technology allow effective targeting of drugs and bioactive molecules to the vascular wall. The partnership of NP technology and epigenetics in AS is just beginning and promises to produce novel exciting candidate treatments. Here, we briefly discuss the most relevant recent advances in the two fields. We focus on AS and DNA methylation, as the DNA methylome of that condition is better understood in comparison with the rest of the cardiovascular disease field. In particular, we review the most recent advances in NP-based delivery systems and their use for DNA methylome modification in inflammation. We also address the promises of DNA methyltransferase inhibitors for prevention and therapy. Furthermore, we emphasize the unique challenges in designing therapies that target the cardiovascular epigenome. Lastly, we touch the issue of human exposure to industrial NPs and its impact on the epigenome as a reminder of the undesired effects that any NP-based therapy must avoid to be apt for secondary prevention of AS.
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Keywords:
atherosclerosis; bioactive molecule delivery; drug delivery; epigenetics; DNA methylation; nanoparticle
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MDPI and ACS Style
Márquez-Sánchez, A.C.; Sánchez-Segura, L.; Lund, G.; Zaina, S. Nanoparticle-Based Modification of the DNA Methylome: A Therapeutic Tool for Atherosclerosis? Cardiogenetics 2022, 12, 12-23. https://doi.org/10.3390/cardiogenetics12010002
AMA Style
Márquez-Sánchez AC, Sánchez-Segura L, Lund G, Zaina S. Nanoparticle-Based Modification of the DNA Methylome: A Therapeutic Tool for Atherosclerosis? Cardiogenetics. 2022; 12(1):12-23. https://doi.org/10.3390/cardiogenetics12010002
Chicago/Turabian StyleMárquez-Sánchez, Ana C., Lino Sánchez-Segura, Gertrud Lund, and Silvio Zaina. 2022. "Nanoparticle-Based Modification of the DNA Methylome: A Therapeutic Tool for Atherosclerosis?" Cardiogenetics 12, no. 1: 12-23. https://doi.org/10.3390/cardiogenetics12010002
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