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Pharmaceutics
Volume 17
Issue 5
10.3390/pharmaceutics17050591
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This is an early access version, the complete PDF, HTML, and XML versions will be available soon.
Article

Production of Myco-Nanomaterial Products from Pleurotus ostreatus (Agaricomycetes) Mushroom via Pyrolysis

by
Gréta Törős
1,2,*,
Áron Béni
3,
Andrea Kovács Balláné
3,
Dávid Semsey
1,4,
Aya Ferroudj
1,2 and
József Prokisch
1
1
Institute of Animal Science, Biotechnology and Nature Conservation, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences and Environmental Management, University of Debrecen, Böszörményi Street 138, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
2
Doctoral School of Animal Husbandry, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences and Environmental Management, University of Debrecen, Böszörményi Street 138, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
3
Institute of Agricultural Chemistry and Soil Science, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences and Environmental Management, University of Debrecen, Böszörményi Street 138, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
4
Doctoral School of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Debrecen, Böszörményi Street 138, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Pharmaceutics 2025, 17(5), 591; https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics17050591
Submission received: 27 March 2025 / Revised: 22 April 2025 / Accepted: 29 April 2025 / Published: 30 April 2025
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Antimicrobial Resistance and Antimicrobial Activity of Bioactive Compounds in Drug Formulations)
Versions Notes

Abstract

Background: The study aimed to develop a sustainable method for producing myco-nanomaterials, particularly fluorescent carbon nanodots (CNDs), from freeze-dried Pleurotus ostreatus (Agaricomycetes) mushroom powder via pyrolysis. The goal was to investigate how pyrolysis conditions affect CND characteristics and their potential antimicrobial properties. Mushroom powder was pyrolyzed at temperatures ranging from 150 to 240 °C. The resulting products were analyzed for yield, molecular weight, fluorescence intensity, and estimated CND concentration in relation to the carbon-to-nitrogen (C/N) ratio. Antibacterial activity was tested against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus epidermidis. Product yield decreased from 13.20% at 150 °C to 0.80% at 240 °C. Molecular weight peaked at 200 °C (623.20 kDa), while maximum fluorescence intensity (739.40 A.U.) was observed at 210 °C. A strong positive correlation (R² = 0.72) was found between the C/N ratio and estimated CND concentration. Antimicrobial testing revealed notable inhibition of E. coli, associated with higher fluorescence intensity and CND content. Pyrolyzed P. ostreatus mushroom powder offers a promising, eco-friendly platform for producing luminescent, carbonaceous nanomaterials with antibacterial potential. These non-purified, myco-derived nanomaterials may contribute to green nanotechnology development and antimicrobial strategies.
Keywords: edible mushroom; fluorescence; carbon nanodots; thermal decomposition edible mushroom; fluorescence; carbon nanodots; thermal decomposition

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MDPI and ACS Style

Törős, G.; Béni, Á.; Balláné, A.K.; Semsey, D.; Ferroudj, A.; Prokisch, J. Production of Myco-Nanomaterial Products from Pleurotus ostreatus (Agaricomycetes) Mushroom via Pyrolysis. Pharmaceutics 2025, 17, 591. https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics17050591

AMA Style

Törős G, Béni Á, Balláné AK, Semsey D, Ferroudj A, Prokisch J. Production of Myco-Nanomaterial Products from Pleurotus ostreatus (Agaricomycetes) Mushroom via Pyrolysis. Pharmaceutics. 2025; 17(5):591. https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics17050591

Chicago/Turabian Style

Törős, Gréta, Áron Béni, Andrea Kovács Balláné, Dávid Semsey, Aya Ferroudj, and József Prokisch. 2025. "Production of Myco-Nanomaterial Products from Pleurotus ostreatus (Agaricomycetes) Mushroom via Pyrolysis" Pharmaceutics 17, no. 5: 591. https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics17050591

APA Style

Törős, G., Béni, Á., Balláné, A. K., Semsey, D., Ferroudj, A., & Prokisch, J. (2025). Production of Myco-Nanomaterial Products from Pleurotus ostreatus (Agaricomycetes) Mushroom via Pyrolysis. Pharmaceutics, 17(5), 591. https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics17050591

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