A Comparative Study on the Presence and Reversibility of Subclinical Arterial Damage in HCV-Infected Individuals and Matched Controls
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Population—Chronic HCV Patients
2.2. Study Matched-Control Groups
2.3. Assessment of Subclinical Arterial Damage
2.4. Statistics
3. Results
3.1. HCV Baseline Measurement
3.2. HCV Patients’ Comparisons with the Matched Control Group
3.3. HCV Patients Follow-Up Visit 3 Months Post-SVR
3.4. HCV Patients’ In-Group Analysis
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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HCV n = 29 | Controls n = 29 | RA n = 19 | PLWH n = 20 | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Age (years) | 46.3 ± 10.7 | 46.6 ± 10.5 | 50.1 ± 910 | 46.1 ± 11.3 |
Male sex [n (%)] | 23 (79.3) | 23 (79.3) | 14 (774) | 18 (90) |
Hypertension [n (%)] | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) |
Diabetes mellitus [n (%)] | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) |
Dyslipidemia [n (%)] | 3 (10.3) | 3 (10.3) | 1 (5.2) | 1 (5) |
Cardiovascular disease [n (%)] | 1 (3.4) | 1 (3.4) | 2 (10.4) | 0 (0) |
Smokers [n (%)] | 18 (62.1) | 18 (62.1) | 10 52.6) | 14 (70) |
Ex-smokers [n (%)] | 5 (17.2) | 5 (17.2) | 4 (21) | 3 (15) |
Duration of HCV infection (years) | 12.4 ± 9.3 | |||
Liver fibrosis grading | ||||
Grade 1 | 13 (43) | |||
Grade 2 | 5 (17) | |||
Grade 3 | 2 (7) | |||
Grade 4 | 2 (7) | |||
BMI (kg/m2) | 25.± 4.2 | 24.5 ± 2.8 | 26.1 ± 4.4 | 25.5 ± 4.5 |
Heart rate (beats/min) | 65 ± 7 | 65 ± 11 | 65 ± 8 | 66 ± 8 |
Mean arterial pressure (mmHg) | 87 ± 8.1 | 89.5 ± 8.2 | 87.5 ± 8.8 | 87 ± 8.3 |
Dyslipidemia medication [n (%)] | 0 (0) | 3 (10) | 1 (5) | 0 (0) |
Vascular Biomarkers | HCV (n = 29) | HI (n = 29) | HCV (n = 19) | RA (n = 19) | HCV (n = 20) | PLWH (n = 20) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
PWV (m/s) | 6.9 ± 1.0 | 7.4 ± 1.5 | 6.9 ± 0.93 | 7.8± 1.9 | 6.8 ± 0.9 | 7.2 ± 0.8 * |
Right IMT (mm) | 0.59 ± 0.13 | 0.59 ± 0.11 | 0.63 ± 0.14 | 0.75 ± 0.14 | 0.62 ± 0.15 | 0.65 ± 0.13 |
Left IMT (mm) | 0.63 ± 0.15 | 0.66 ± 0.11 | 0.65 ± 0.15 | 0.75 ± 0.14 * | 0.59 ± 0.14 | 0.59 ± 0.06 |
AIx75 (%) | 20.3 ± 11.0 | 21.1 ± 12 | 23 ± 9.2 | 28.9 ± 10.2 | 18.1 ± 11.4 | 17.5 ± 13.9 |
Plaques [n (%)] | 17 (58.6) | 10 (34.5) | 8 (42) | 11 (58) | 11 (55) | 10 (50) |
Vascular Biomarkers | b | Odds Ratio | p |
---|---|---|---|
PWV (m/s) | |||
HCV vs. HI | −0.4 | - | 0.21 |
HCV vs. RA | −0.97 | - | 0.07 |
HCV vs. PLWH | −0.39 | - | 0.13 |
Left IMT (mm) | |||
HCV vs. HI | 0.01 | - | 0.87 |
HCV vs. RA | −0.07 | - | 0.13 |
HCV vs. PLWH | −0.01 | - | 0.73 |
Right IMT (mm) | |||
HCV vs. HI | 0.02 | - | 0.55 |
HCV vs. RA | −0.07 | - | 0.17 |
HCV vs. PLWH | −0.01 | - | 0.98 |
AIx75 (%) | |||
HCV vs. HI | 1.3 | - | 0.66 |
HCV vs. RA | −5.2 | - | 0.14 |
HCV vs. PLWH | 0.1 | - | 0.98 |
Atheromatic plaques | |||
HCV vs. HI | 1.1 | 2.9 | 0.04 |
HCV vs. RA | 0.21 | 1.24 | 0.74 |
HCV vs. PLWH | 0.69 | 2 | 0.42 |
HCV Baseline n = 14 | HCV 3 Months after SVR n = 14 | |
---|---|---|
Age (years) | 45.5 ± 10.4 | 45.5 ± 10.4 |
Male sex [n (%)] | 12 (86) | 12 (86) |
Hypertension [n (%)] | 0 (0) | 0 (0) |
Diabetes mellitus [n (%)] | 0 (0) | 0 (0) |
Dyslipidemia [n (%)] | 1 (7) | 1 (7) |
Cardiovascular disease [n (%)] | 1 (7) | 1 (7) |
Smokers [n (%)] | 7 (50) | 7 (50) |
Ex-smokers [n (%)] | 3 (21) | 3 (21) |
BMI (kg/m2) | 25.2 ± 3.5 | 28.8 ± 3.5 |
Heart rate (beats/min) | 66 ± 7 | 64 ± 8 |
Mean arterial pressure (mmHg) | 82 ± 10.1 | 83.6 ± 13.7 |
Antihypertensive medication [n (%)] | 0 (0) | 0 (0) |
Dyslipidemia medication [n (%)] | 0 (0) | 0 (0) |
Diabetes mellitus medication [n (%)] | 0 (0) | 0 (0) |
Vascular Biomarkers | Baseline | Follow-Up | p * | p ** |
---|---|---|---|---|
PWV (m/s) | 6.74 ± 0.83 | 6.38 ± 1.04 | 0.02 | 0.08 |
Left IMT (mm) | 0.62 ± 0.14 | 0.59 ± 0.11 | 0.78 | 0.34 |
Right IMT (mm) | 0.57 ± 0.09 | 0.58 ± 0.1 | 0.57 | 0.89 |
AIx75 (%) | 19.4 ± 10.7 | 22.4 ± 12.3 | 0.61 | 0.57 |
Covariates | PWV (m/s) | Right IMT (mm) | Left IMT (mm) | AIx75 (%) | Plaques |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
HCV Duration (years) | −0.03 | 0.004 | 0.005 | 0.02 | 0.97 |
Liver fibrosis grading | |||||
Grade 1 (reference) | |||||
Grade 2 | 0.003 | 0.006 | 0.03 | 2.9 | 0.2 |
Grade 3 | −1.4 | −0.01 | 0.0001 | 2.3 | 0.28 |
Grade 4 | −0.79 | 0.01 | 0.21 | 9.4 | 1.001 |
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Androutsakos, T.; Mouziouras, D.; Katelani, S.; Psichogiou, M.; Sfikakis, P.P.; Protogerou, A.D.; Argyris, A.A. A Comparative Study on the Presence and Reversibility of Subclinical Arterial Damage in HCV-Infected Individuals and Matched Controls. Viruses 2023, 15, 1374. https://doi.org/10.3390/v15061374
Androutsakos T, Mouziouras D, Katelani S, Psichogiou M, Sfikakis PP, Protogerou AD, Argyris AA. A Comparative Study on the Presence and Reversibility of Subclinical Arterial Damage in HCV-Infected Individuals and Matched Controls. Viruses. 2023; 15(6):1374. https://doi.org/10.3390/v15061374
Chicago/Turabian StyleAndroutsakos, Theodoros, Dimitrios Mouziouras, Stamatia Katelani, Mina Psichogiou, Petros P. Sfikakis, Athanase D. Protogerou, and Antonios A. Argyris. 2023. "A Comparative Study on the Presence and Reversibility of Subclinical Arterial Damage in HCV-Infected Individuals and Matched Controls" Viruses 15, no. 6: 1374. https://doi.org/10.3390/v15061374
APA StyleAndroutsakos, T., Mouziouras, D., Katelani, S., Psichogiou, M., Sfikakis, P. P., Protogerou, A. D., & Argyris, A. A. (2023). A Comparative Study on the Presence and Reversibility of Subclinical Arterial Damage in HCV-Infected Individuals and Matched Controls. Viruses, 15(6), 1374. https://doi.org/10.3390/v15061374